Elena Maslova, Vladimir P. Nedjalkov. 2013. Reciprocal Constructions. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/106, Accessed on 2026-06-10.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area abk Abkhaz 2 Distinct from reflexive 43.0833333333 41.0 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Simple Clauses acg Achagua 2 Distinct from reflexive 4.41666666667 -72.25 Japura-Colombia Arawakan Simple Clauses ain Ainu 2 Distinct from reflexive 43.0 143.0 Ainu Ainu Simple Clauses ame Amele 1 No reciprocals -5.25 145.583333333 Mabuso Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses amu Amuesha 2 Distinct from reflexive -10.5 -75.4166666667 Yanesha' Arawakan Simple Clauses anc Angas 2 Distinct from reflexive 9.5 9.5 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses apu Apurinã 2 Distinct from reflexive -9.0 -67.0 Purus Arawakan Simple Clauses aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 2 Distinct from reflexive 30.0 31.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses arp Arapesh (Mountain) 1 No reciprocals -3.46666666667 143.166666667 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Simple Clauses asm Asmat 2 Distinct from reflexive -5.5 138.5 Asmat-Kamrau Bay Asmat-Kamrau Bay Simple Clauses bag Bagirmi 2 Distinct from reflexive 11.6666666667 16.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Simple Clauses bam Bambara 2 Distinct from reflexive 12.5 -7.5 Western Mande Mande Simple Clauses bnw Baniwa 4 Identical to reflexive 2.66666666667 -66.8333333333 Japura-Colombia Arawakan Simple Clauses bae Baré 4 Identical to reflexive 1.0 -67.0 Japura-Colombia Arawakan Simple Clauses bsq Basque 2 Distinct from reflexive 43.0 -3.0 Basque Basque Simple Clauses bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 2 Distinct from reflexive 33.0 -5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses bul Bulgarian 3 Mixed 42.5 25.0 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses but Buriat 2 Distinct from reflexive 52.0 108.0 Mongolic Altaic Simple Clauses brm Burmese 1 No reciprocals 21.0 96.0 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses bur Burushaski 2 Distinct from reflexive 36.5 74.5 Burushaski Burushaski Simple Clauses cah Cahuilla 4 Identical to reflexive 33.5 -116.25 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses cnt Cantonese 2 Distinct from reflexive 23.0 113.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses csh Cashinahua 2 Distinct from reflexive -10.5 -71.8333333333 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Simple Clauses cha Chamorro 2 Distinct from reflexive 13.45 144.75 Chamorro Austronesian Simple Clauses chc Chechen 1 No reciprocals 43.25 45.8333333333 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses chk Chukchi 2 Distinct from reflexive 67.0 -173.0 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Simple Clauses cor Cora 4 Identical to reflexive 22.1666666667 -104.833333333 Corachol Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses cea Cree (Swampy) 2 Distinct from reflexive 56.0 -90.0 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses cup Cupeño 4 Identical to reflexive 33.1666666667 -116.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses dni Dani (Lower Grand Valley) 1 No reciprocals -4.33333333333 138.833333333 Dani Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses ygd Dii 2 Distinct from reflexive 8.0 14.0 Samba-Duru Niger-Congo Simple Clauses djr Djaru 4 Identical to reflexive -18.75 128.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses eng English 2 Distinct from reflexive 52.0 0.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses evn Even 2 Distinct from reflexive 68.0 130.0 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses eve Evenki 2 Distinct from reflexive 56.0 125.0 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses fij Fijian 2 Distinct from reflexive -17.8333333333 178.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses fin Finnish 2 Distinct from reflexive 62.0 25.0 Finnic Uralic Simple Clauses fre French 3 Mixed 48.0 2.0 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses fue Futuna (East) 2 Distinct from reflexive -14.3333333333 -178.166666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses gbb Gbeya Bossangoa 2 Distinct from reflexive 6.66666666667 17.5 Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka Niger-Congo Simple Clauses geo Georgian 2 Distinct from reflexive 42.0 44.0 Kartvelian Kartvelian Simple Clauses ger German 3 Mixed 52.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses gim Gimira 4 Identical to reflexive 7.0 35.75 Ta-Ne-Omotic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses goa Goajiro 2 Distinct from reflexive 12.0 -72.0 Guajiro-Paraujano Arawakan Simple Clauses gdi Godié 1 No reciprocals 5.41666666667 -5.83333333333 Kru Niger-Congo Simple Clauses goo Gooniyandi 4 Identical to reflexive -18.3333333333 126.333333333 Bunuban Bunuban Simple Clauses grb Grebo 2 Distinct from reflexive 5.0 -8.0 Kru Niger-Congo Simple Clauses grk Greek (Modern) 3 Mixed 39.0 22.0 Greek Indo-European Simple Clauses grw Greenlandic (West) 4 Identical to reflexive 64.0 -51.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Simple Clauses gua Guaraní 2 Distinct from reflexive -26.0 -56.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Simple Clauses hau Hausa 2 Distinct from reflexive 12.0 7.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses heb Hebrew (Modern) 3 Mixed 31.5 34.8333333333 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses hin Hindi 2 Distinct from reflexive 25.0 77.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses hix Hixkaryana 3 Mixed -1.0 -59.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses hmo Hmong Njua 2 Distinct from reflexive 28.0 105.0 Hmongic Hmong-Mien Simple Clauses hop Hopi 3 Mixed 36.0 -110.0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses hui Huichol 4 Identical to reflexive 22.0 -104.0 Corachol Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses ign Ignaciano 2 Distinct from reflexive -15.1666666667 -65.4166666667 Bolivia-Parana Arawakan Simple Clauses ika Ika 4 Identical to reflexive 10.6666666667 -73.75 Arhuacic Chibchan Simple Clauses imo Imonda 4 Identical to reflexive -3.33333333333 141.166666667 Border Border Simple Clauses ind Indonesian 2 Distinct from reflexive 0.0 106.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Simple Clauses ite Itelmen 2 Distinct from reflexive 57.0 157.5 Southern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Simple Clauses jak Jakaltek 4 Identical to reflexive 15.6666666667 -91.6666666667 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses jpn Japanese 2 Distinct from reflexive 37.0 140.0 Japanese Japanese Simple Clauses kab Kabardian 2 Distinct from reflexive 43.5 43.5 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Simple Clauses kng Kaingang 4 Identical to reflexive -26.0 -52.0 Je Meridional Macro-Ge Simple Clauses knd Kannada 2 Distinct from reflexive 14.0 76.0 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses krc Karachay-Balkar 2 Distinct from reflexive 43.5 42.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses jva Karajá 2 Distinct from reflexive -10.0 -50.3333333333 Karajá Macro-Ge Simple Clauses krk Karok 2 Distinct from reflexive 41.6666666667 -123.0 Karok Hokan Simple Clauses kws Kawaiisu 4 Identical to reflexive 36.0 -117.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses kyp Kayapó 2 Distinct from reflexive -9.0 -52.0 Je Setentrional Macro-Ge Simple Clauses kay Kayardild 2 Distinct from reflexive -17.05 139.5 Tangkic Tangkic Simple Clauses kew Kewa 1 No reciprocals -6.5 143.833333333 Enga_Kewa-Huli Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses kha Khalkha 2 Distinct from reflexive 47.0 105.0 Mongolic Altaic Simple Clauses kio Kiowa 4 Identical to reflexive 37.0 -99.0 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Simple Clauses kgz Kirghiz 2 Distinct from reflexive 42.0 75.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses koa Koasati 2 Distinct from reflexive 34.8333333333 -85.1666666667 Muskogean Muskogean Simple Clauses kor Korean 2 Distinct from reflexive 37.5 128.0 Korean Korean Simple Clauses kse Koyraboro Senni 2 Distinct from reflexive 16.0 0.0 Songhay Songhay Simple Clauses kro Krongo 4 Identical to reflexive 10.5 30.0 Kadugli Kadu Simple Clauses kut Kutenai 2 Distinct from reflexive 49.5 -116.0 Kutenai Kutenai Simple Clauses lkt Lakhota 2 Distinct from reflexive 43.8333333333 -101.833333333 Mississippi Valley Siouan Siouan Simple Clauses lan Lango 4 Identical to reflexive 2.16666666667 33.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses lrd Lardil 2 Distinct from reflexive -16.5 139.333333333 Tangkic Tangkic Simple Clauses lit Lithuanian 3 Mixed 55.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Simple Clauses lui Luiseño 4 Identical to reflexive 33.3333333333 -117.166666667 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses luv Luvale 4 Identical to reflexive -12.0 22.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses lye Lyele 2 Distinct from reflexive 12.5 -2.66666666667 Grusi Niger-Congo Simple Clauses mne Maidu (Northeast) 2 Distinct from reflexive 40.0 -120.666666667 Maiduan Penutian Simple Clauses mal Malagasy 2 Distinct from reflexive -20.0 47.0 Barito Austronesian Simple Clauses mam Mam 1 No reciprocals 15.0 -91.8333333333 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses mnd Mandarin 2 Distinct from reflexive 34.0 110.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses myi Mangarrayi 4 Identical to reflexive -14.6666666667 133.5 Mangarrayi Mangarrayi-Maran Simple Clauses map Mapudungun 4 Identical to reflexive -38.0 -72.0 Araucanian Araucanian Simple Clauses mku Maranungku 2 Distinct from reflexive -13.6666666667 130.0 Wagaydy Western Daly Simple Clauses mar Maricopa 4 Identical to reflexive 33.1666666667 -113.166666667 Yuman Hokan Simple Clauses mrt Martuthunira 2 Distinct from reflexive -20.8333333333 116.5 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses mau Maung 4 Identical to reflexive -11.9166666667 133.5 Iwaidjan Iwaidjan Simple Clauses max Maxakalí 4 Identical to reflexive -18.0 -40.0 Maxakalian Macro-Ge Simple Clauses may Maybrat 1 No reciprocals -1.33333333333 132.5 Maybrat Maybrat Simple Clauses mei Meithei 2 Distinct from reflexive 24.75 94.0 Manipuri Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses mno Mono (in United States) 2 Distinct from reflexive 38.0 -119.0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses mud Mundani 4 Identical to reflexive 5.66666666667 9.91666666667 Wide Grassfields Niger-Congo Simple Clauses mun Mundari 2 Distinct from reflexive 23.0 84.6666666667 Munda Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses kho Nama 2 Distinct from reflexive -25.5 18.0 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Simple Clauses nel Nelemwa 2 Distinct from reflexive -20.25 164.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses ngi Ngiyambaa 2 Distinct from reflexive -31.75 145.5 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses niv Nivkh 2 Distinct from reflexive 53.3333333333 142.0 Nivkh Nivkh Simple Clauses nko Nkore-Kiga 2 Distinct from reflexive -0.916666666667 29.8333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses nom Nomatsiguenga 2 Distinct from reflexive -11.6666666667 -74.5 Pre-Andine Arawakan Arawakan Simple Clauses nug Nunggubuyu 2 Distinct from reflexive -13.75 135.666666667 Nunggubuyu Gunwinyguan Simple Clauses ood O'odham 3 Mixed 32.0 -112.0 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses ojm Ojibwe (Minnesota) 2 Distinct from reflexive 47.6666666667 -92.5 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses ond Oneida 4 Identical to reflexive 43.0 -75.6666666667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Simple Clauses orh Oromo (Harar) 2 Distinct from reflexive 9.0 42.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses otm Otomí (Mezquital) 1 No reciprocals 20.1666666667 -99.1666666667 Otomian Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses pno Paiute (Northern) 3 Mixed 42.0 -118.0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses put Paiute (Southern) 4 Identical to reflexive 37.8333333333 -113.333333333 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses prs Persian 2 Distinct from reflexive 32.0 54.0 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses prh Pirahã 1 No reciprocals -7.0 -62.0 Mura Mura Simple Clauses pir Piro 2 Distinct from reflexive -11.0 -73.5 Purus Arawakan Simple Clauses pol Polish 3 Mixed 52.0 20.0 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses pso Pomo (Southeastern) 2 Distinct from reflexive 39.0 -122.5 Pomoan Hokan Simple Clauses qbo Quechua (Bolivian) 2 Distinct from reflexive -20.0 -66.0 Quechuan Quechuan Simple Clauses qcu Quechua (Cuzco) 2 Distinct from reflexive -14.5 -71.0 Quechuan Quechuan Simple Clauses qhu Quechua (Huallaga) 4 Identical to reflexive -9.5 -75.5 Quechuan Quechuan Simple Clauses qim Quechua (Imbabura) 3 Mixed 0.333333333333 -78.0 Quechuan Quechuan Simple Clauses ram Rama 1 No reciprocals 11.75 -83.75 Rama Chibchan Simple Clauses rap Rapanui 4 Identical to reflexive -27.1166666667 -109.366666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses rus Russian 3 Mixed 56.0 38.0 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses san Sango 1 No reciprocals 5.0 18.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Simple Clauses snm Sanuma 2 Distinct from reflexive 4.5 -64.6666666667 Yanomam Yanomam Simple Clauses srr Serrano 4 Identical to reflexive 34.5 -117.0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses sho Shoshone 4 Identical to reflexive 41.0 -114.0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses sla Slave 2 Distinct from reflexive 67.0 -125.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses spa Spanish 3 Mixed 40.0 -4.0 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses sup Supyire 4 Identical to reflexive 11.5 -5.58333333333 Senufo Niger-Congo Simple Clauses sur Sursurunga 3 Mixed -4.0 152.766666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses swa Swahili 2 Distinct from reflexive -6.5 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses tag Tagalog 2 Distinct from reflexive 15.0 121.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Simple Clauses tml Tamil 2 Distinct from reflexive 11.0 78.5 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses tce Tarahumara (Central) 2 Distinct from reflexive 27.5 -107.5 Tarahumaran Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses tar Tariana 3 Mixed 1.0 -69.1666666667 Japura-Colombia Arawakan Simple Clauses tpc Tepecano 1 No reciprocals 21.75 -104.75 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses tha Thai 2 Distinct from reflexive 16.0 101.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses tiw Tiwi 2 Distinct from reflexive -11.5 131.0 Tiwian Tiwian Simple Clauses toq Toqabaqita 4 Identical to reflexive -8.41666666667 160.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses tuc Tucano 2 Distinct from reflexive 0.5 -69.1666666667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Simple Clauses tuk Tukang Besi 2 Distinct from reflexive -5.5 123.5 Celebic Austronesian Simple Clauses tur Turkish 2 Distinct from reflexive 39.0 35.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses tuv Tuvan 2 Distinct from reflexive 52.0 95.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses tbb Tübatulabal 2 Distinct from reflexive 36.0 -118.333333333 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses vie Vietnamese 2 Distinct from reflexive 10.5 106.5 Vietic Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses wam Wambaya 4 Identical to reflexive -18.6666666667 135.75 Wambayan Mirndi Simple Clauses wra Warao 4 Identical to reflexive 9.33333333333 -61.6666666667 Warao Warao Simple Clauses wrk Warekena 4 Identical to reflexive 1.5 -67.5 Alto-Orinoco Arawakan Simple Clauses war Wari' 4 Identical to reflexive -11.3333333333 -65.0 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Simple Clauses wgu Warrongo 2 Distinct from reflexive -18.0 145.0 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses wur Waurá 2 Distinct from reflexive -13.0 -53.0 Central Arawakan Arawakan Simple Clauses wic Wichita 1 No reciprocals 33.3333333333 -97.3333333333 Northern Caddoan Caddoan Simple Clauses wch Wichí 4 Identical to reflexive -22.5 -62.5833333333 Matacoan Matacoan Simple Clauses win Wintu 2 Distinct from reflexive 41.0 -122.5 Wintuan Penutian Simple Clauses xer Xerénte 4 Identical to reflexive -10.0 -48.1666666667 Je Central Macro-Ge Simple Clauses xok Xokleng 2 Distinct from reflexive -24.5 -50.0 Je Meridional Macro-Ge Simple Clauses yag Yagua 4 Identical to reflexive -3.5 -72.0 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Simple Clauses ykt Yakut 2 Distinct from reflexive 62.0 130.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses ynk Yankuntjatjara 4 Identical to reflexive -27.0 132.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses yaq Yaqui 4 Identical to reflexive 27.5 -110.25 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses yid Yidiny 1 No reciprocals -17.0 145.75 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses yor Yoruba 4 Identical to reflexive 8.0 4.33333333333 Defoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses yko Yukaghir (Kolyma) 2 Distinct from reflexive 65.75 150.833333333 Yukaghir Yukaghir Simple Clauses ytu Yukaghir (Tundra) 2 Distinct from reflexive 69.0 155.0 Yukaghir Yukaghir Simple Clauses yuk Yukulta 2 Distinct from reflexive -17.3333333333 138.833333333 Tangkic Tangkic Simple Clauses zul Zulu 2 Distinct from reflexive -30.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses