Anna Siewierska. 2013. Passive Constructions. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/107, Accessed on 2026-06-09.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area ani //Ani 1 Present -18.9166666667 21.9166666667 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Simple Clauses abi Abipón 2 Absent -29.0 -61.0 Abipon Guaicuruan Simple Clauses abk Abkhaz 2 Absent 43.0833333333 41.0 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Simple Clauses abu Abun 2 Absent -0.5 132.5 Abun Abun Simple Clauses ace Acehnese 2 Absent 5.5 95.5 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Simple Clauses acm Achumawi 2 Absent 41.5 -121.0 Achumawi Hokan Simple Clauses aco Acoma 2 Absent 34.9166666667 -107.583333333 Keresan Keresan Simple Clauses adz Adzera 2 Absent -6.25 146.25 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses ain Ainu 1 Present 43.0 143.0 Ainu Ainu Simple Clauses ala Alamblak 2 Absent -4.66666666667 143.333333333 Sepik Hill Sepik Simple Clauses alb Albanian 1 Present 41.0 20.0 Albanian Indo-European Simple Clauses ame Amele 2 Absent -5.25 145.583333333 Mabuso Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses amh Amharic 1 Present 10.0 38.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses amu Amuesha 1 Present -10.5 -75.4166666667 Yanesha' Arawakan Simple Clauses anj Anejom 2 Absent -20.2 169.8 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses ane Anêm 2 Absent -5.58333333333 149.083333333 Anêm Anêm Simple Clauses apu Apurinã 1 Present -9.0 -67.0 Purus Arawakan Simple Clauses abn Arabana 2 Absent -28.25 136.25 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 1 Present 30.0 31.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses ana Araona 1 Present -12.3333333333 -67.75 Tacanan Pano-Tacanan Simple Clauses arp Arapesh (Mountain) 2 Absent -3.46666666667 143.166666667 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Simple Clauses arm Armenian (Eastern) 1 Present 40.0 45.0 Armenian Indo-European Simple Clauses asm Asmat 2 Absent -5.5 138.5 Asmat-Kamrau Bay Asmat-Kamrau Bay Simple Clauses atk Atakapa 2 Absent 30.0 -93.5 Atakapa Atakapa Simple Clauses ata Atayal 2 Absent 24.5 121.333333333 Atayalic Austronesian Simple Clauses au Au 2 Absent -3.58333333333 142.083333333 Central Wapei Torricelli Simple Clauses awp Awa Pit 2 Absent 1.5 -78.25 Barbacoan Barbacoan Simple Clauses awt Awtuw 2 Absent -3.58333333333 142.0 Ram Sepik Simple Clauses aym Aymara (Central) 1 Present -17.0 -69.0 Aymaran Aymaran Simple Clauses bab Babungo 2 Absent 6.11666666667 10.4166666667 Wide Grassfields Niger-Congo Simple Clauses bag Bagirmi 2 Absent 11.6666666667 16.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Simple Clauses bam Bambara 2 Absent 12.5 -7.5 Western Mande Mande Simple Clauses bnj Bandjalang 2 Absent -28.75 153.0 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses baa Barai 2 Absent -9.33333333333 148.083333333 Koiarian Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses brs Barasano 2 Absent -0.166666666667 -70.6666666667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Simple Clauses bar Bari 1 Present 5.0 31.6666666667 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses bsq Basque 1 Present 43.0 -3.0 Basque Basque Simple Clauses bkr Batak (Karo) 2 Absent 3.25 98.25 Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands Austronesian Simple Clauses baw Bawm 2 Absent 22.5 92.25 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses bej Beja 1 Present 18.0 36.0 Beja Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 1 Present 33.0 -5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses ber Berta 1 Present 10.3333333333 34.6666666667 Berta Berta Simple Clauses bln Bilin 1 Present 15.75 38.5 Central Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses brr Bororo 1 Present -16.0 -57.0 Bororoan Bororoan Simple Clauses brh Brahui 2 Absent 28.5 67.0 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses bri Bribri 2 Absent 9.41666666667 -83.0 Western Isthmic Chibchan Chibchan Simple Clauses bro Broken 2 Absent -10.1666666667 143.0 Creoles and Pidgins other Simple Clauses brm Burmese 2 Absent 21.0 96.0 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses brn Burunge 2 Absent -5.33333333333 36.0 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses bur Burushaski 1 Present 36.5 74.5 Burushaski Burushaski Simple Clauses bya Byansi 2 Absent 30.1666666667 80.5 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses cah Cahuilla 2 Absent 33.5 -116.25 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses cax Campa (Axininca) 2 Absent -12.0 -74.0 Pre-Andine Arawakan Arawakan Simple Clauses can Candoshi 2 Absent -4.16666666667 -77.0 Candoshi Candoshi Simple Clauses cnl Canela 2 Absent -7.0 -45.0 Je Setentrional Macro-Ge Simple Clauses cap Capanahua 2 Absent -7.0 -74.0 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Simple Clauses car Carib 1 Present 5.5 -56.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses cav Cavineña 2 Absent -13.3333333333 -66.5 Tacanan Pano-Tacanan Simple Clauses cyv Cayuvava 1 Present -13.5 -65.5 Cayuvava Cayuvava Simple Clauses cha Chamorro 1 Present 13.45 144.75 Chamorro Austronesian Simple Clauses cpn Chepang 2 Absent 27.6666666667 84.75 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses cle Chinantec (Lealao) 1 Present 17.3333333333 -95.9166666667 Chinantecan Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses ckl Chinook (Lower) 2 Absent 46.25 -123.5 Chinookan Penutian Simple Clauses chr Chrau 2 Absent 10.75 107.5 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses chk Chukchi 2 Absent 67.0 -173.0 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Simple Clauses cba Chumash (Barbareño) 2 Absent 34.5 -120.25 Chumash Chumash Simple Clauses cbo Chácobo 2 Absent -12.1666666667 -66.75 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Simple Clauses cmn Comanche 1 Present 33.5 -101.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses cmx Comox 1 Present 50.1666666667 -125.0 Central Salish Salishan Simple Clauses coo Coos (Hanis) 1 Present 43.5 -124.166666667 Coosan Oregon Coast Simple Clauses cop Coptic 1 Present 26.0 32.0 Egyptian-Coptic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses cor Cora 1 Present 22.1666666667 -104.833333333 Corachol Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses cre Cree (Plains) 2 Absent 54.0 -110.0 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses cri Crimean Tatar 1 Present 45.0 34.0833333333 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses cub Cubeo 1 Present 1.33333333333 -70.5 Tucanoan Tucanoan Simple Clauses dag Daga 2 Absent -10.0 149.333333333 Dagan Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses dga Dagaare 2 Absent 10.5 -2.66666666667 Oti-Volta Niger-Congo Simple Clauses dgr Dagur 1 Present 48.0 124.0 Mongolic Altaic Simple Clauses dni Dani (Lower Grand Valley) 2 Absent -4.33333333333 138.833333333 Dani Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses dio Diola-Fogny 1 Present 13.0 -16.25 Jola Niger-Congo Simple Clauses diz Dizi 1 Present 6.16666666667 36.5 Dizoid Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses don Dong (Southern) 1 Present 27.0 109.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses doy Doyayo 1 Present 8.66666666667 13.0833333333 Samba-Duru Niger-Congo Simple Clauses dre Drehu 1 Present -21.0 167.25 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses dum Dumo 2 Absent -2.68333333333 141.3 Western Skou Skou Simple Clauses dut Dutch 1 Present 52.5 6.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses eka Ekari 2 Absent -3.83333333333 135.5 Paniai Lakes Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses eng English 1 Present 52.0 0.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses epe Epena Pedee 2 Absent 3.0 -77.0 Choco Choco Simple Clauses err Erromangan 2 Absent -18.8333333333 169.166666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses eve Evenki 1 Present 56.0 125.0 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses ewe Ewe 2 Absent 6.33333333333 0.416666666667 Gbe Niger-Congo Simple Clauses fij Fijian 1 Present -17.8333333333 178.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses fin Finnish 1 Present 62.0 25.0 Finnic Uralic Simple Clauses fre French 1 Present 48.0 2.0 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses fua Fulfulde (Adamawa) 1 Present 9.16666666667 13.5 Peul-Serer Niger-Congo Simple Clauses fur Fur 1 Present 13.5 25.0 Fur Fur Simple Clauses gar Garo 2 Absent 25.6666666667 90.5 Brahmaputran Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses geo Georgian 1 Present 42.0 44.0 Kartvelian Kartvelian Simple Clauses ger German 1 Present 52.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses god Godoberi 2 Absent 42.6666666667 46.0833333333 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses goo Gooniyandi 2 Absent -18.3333333333 126.333333333 Bunuban Bunuban Simple Clauses grb Grebo 1 Present 5.0 -8.0 Kru Niger-Congo Simple Clauses grk Greek (Modern) 1 Present 39.0 22.0 Greek Indo-European Simple Clauses grw Greenlandic (West) 1 Present 64.0 -51.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Simple Clauses gua Guaraní 2 Absent -26.0 -56.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Simple Clauses gud Gude 2 Absent 10.4166666667 13.4166666667 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses gmw Gumawana 2 Absent -9.25 150.833333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses guu Guugu Yimidhirr 2 Absent -15.0 144.833333333 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses hai Haida 2 Absent 53.0 -132.0 Haida Haida Simple Clauses hlu Halkomelem (Upriver) 1 Present 49.25 -121.916666667 Central Salish Salishan Simple Clauses hmr Hamer 1 Present 5.0 36.5 South Omotic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses ham Hamtai 2 Absent -7.5 146.25 Nuclear Angan Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses hat Hatam 2 Absent -1.0 134.0 Hatim-Mansim Hatim-Mansim Simple Clauses hau Hausa 1 Present 12.0 7.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses heb Hebrew (Modern) 1 Present 31.5 34.8333333333 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses hin Hindi 1 Present 25.0 77.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses hix Hixkaryana 1 Present -1.0 -59.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses hmo Hmong Njua 1 Present 28.0 105.0 Hmongic Hmong-Mien Simple Clauses hua Hua 2 Absent -6.33333333333 145.333333333 Siane-Yagaria Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses hmu Huitoto (Muinane) 1 Present -2.41666666667 -71.0 Witoto Witotoan Simple Clauses hun Hungarian 1 Present 47.0 20.0 Ugric Uralic Simple Clauses hzb Hunzib 2 Absent 42.1666666667 46.25 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses igb Igbo 2 Absent 6.0 7.33333333333 Igboid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses ijo Ijo (Kolokuma) 1 Present 4.91666666667 5.66666666667 Ijoid Ijoid Simple Clauses ika Ika 2 Absent 10.6666666667 -73.75 Arhuacic Chibchan Simple Clauses imo Imonda 2 Absent -3.33333333333 141.166666667 Border Border Simple Clauses ind Indonesian 1 Present 0.0 106.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Simple Clauses ing Ingush 2 Absent 43.1666666667 45.0833333333 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses iqu Iquito 2 Absent -3.25 -74.0 Zaparoan Zaparoan Simple Clauses irq Iraqw 1 Present -4.0 35.5 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses iri Irish 1 Present 53.0 -8.0 Celtic Indo-European Simple Clauses ita Italian 1 Present 43.0 12.0 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses jak Jakaltek 1 Present 15.6666666667 -91.6666666667 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses jpn Japanese 1 Present 37.0 140.0 Japanese Japanese Simple Clauses jaq Jaqaru 2 Absent -13.0 -76.0 Aymaran Aymaran Simple Clauses juh Ju|'hoan 2 Absent -19.0 21.0 Ju-Kung Kxa Simple Clauses kgu Kalkatungu 2 Absent -21.0 139.5 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses knd Kannada 1 Present 14.0 76.0 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses knr Kanuri 1 Present 12.0 13.0 Western Saharan Saharan Simple Clauses kpm Kapampangan 2 Absent 15.3333333333 120.5 Central Luzon Austronesian Simple Clauses kna Karitiâna 1 Present -9.5 -64.0 Arikem Tupian Simple Clauses krk Karok 1 Present 41.6666666667 -123.0 Karok Hokan Simple Clauses kas Kashmiri 1 Present 34.0 76.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses kws Kawaiisu 1 Present 36.0 -117.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses kyl Kayah Li (Eastern) 2 Absent 19.0 97.5 Karen Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses kay Kayardild 1 Present -17.05 139.5 Tangkic Tangkic Simple Clauses ker Kera 2 Absent 9.83333333333 15.0833333333 East Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses ket Ket 1 Present 64.0 87.0 Yeniseian Yeniseian Simple Clauses kew Kewa 2 Absent -6.5 143.833333333 Enga_Kewa-Huli Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses kha Khalkha 1 Present 47.0 105.0 Mongolic Altaic Simple Clauses khs Khasi 2 Absent 25.5 92.0 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses khm Khmer 2 Absent 12.5 105.0 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses kmu Khmu' 2 Absent 21.0 102.0 Khmuic Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses klv Kilivila 2 Absent -8.5 151.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses kio Kiowa 2 Absent 37.0 -99.0 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Simple Clauses krb Kiribati 1 Present 1.33333333333 173.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses kis Kisi 1 Present 8.83333333333 -10.1666666667 Southern Mel Niger-Congo Simple Clauses koa Koasati 1 Present 34.8333333333 -85.1666666667 Muskogean Muskogean Simple Clauses kob Kobon 2 Absent -5.16666666667 144.333333333 Kalam-Kobon Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses kom Komo 2 Absent 8.75 33.75 Koman Koman Simple Clauses kon Kongo 1 Present -5.0 15.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses kjo Konjo 2 Absent -5.46666666667 120.333333333 South Sulawesi Austronesian Simple Clauses kor Korean 1 Present 37.5 128.0 Korean Korean Simple Clauses kfe Koromfe 2 Absent 14.25 -0.916666666667 Koromfe Niger-Congo Simple Clauses kos Kosraean 1 Present 5.3 163.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses kch Koyra Chiini 1 Present 17.0 -3.0 Songhay Songhay Simple Clauses kse Koyraboro Senni 1 Present 16.0 0.0 Songhay Songhay Simple Clauses kro Krongo 1 Present 10.5 30.0 Kadugli Kadu Simple Clauses kuk Kukú 1 Present 5.83333333333 31.6666666667 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses knm Kunama 1 Present 14.5 37.0 Kunama Kunama Simple Clauses krd Kurdish (Central) 1 Present 36.0 44.0 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses kut Kutenai 1 Present 49.5 -116.0 Kutenai Kutenai Simple Clauses kwz Kwaza 2 Absent -12.5833333333 -60.6666666667 Kwaza Kwaza Simple Clauses lad Ladakhi 2 Absent 34.0 78.0 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses lah Lahu 2 Absent 20.0 98.1666666667 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses lak Lak 2 Absent 42.1666666667 47.1666666667 Lak Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses lkt Lakhota 2 Absent 43.8333333333 -101.833333333 Mississippi Valley Siouan Siouan Simple Clauses lan Lango 2 Absent 2.16666666667 33.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses lat Latvian 1 Present 57.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Simple Clauses lav Lavukaleve 2 Absent -9.08333333333 159.2 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Simple Clauses lel Lele 2 Absent 9.08333333333 15.5833333333 East Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses lep Lepcha 1 Present 27.1666666667 88.5 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses lez Lezgian 2 Absent 41.6666666667 47.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses lim Limbu 1 Present 27.1666666667 87.75 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses ara Lokono 1 Present 5.5 -55.1666666667 Antillean Arawakan Arawakan Simple Clauses kkv Lusi 2 Absent -5.58333333333 149.666666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses luv Luvale 2 Absent -12.0 22.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses mle Maale 1 Present 6.0 36.9166666667 Ta-Ne-Omotic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses mab Maba 1 Present 13.75 20.8333333333 Maban Maban Simple Clauses mac Macushi 1 Present 4.0 -60.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses mne Maidu (Northeast) 2 Absent 40.0 -120.666666667 Maiduan Penutian Simple Clauses msn Maisin 2 Absent -9.5 149.166666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses mak Makah 2 Absent 48.3333333333 -124.666666667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Simple Clauses mal Malagasy 1 Present -20.0 47.0 Barito Austronesian Simple Clauses mlk Malakmalak 2 Absent -13.4166666667 130.416666667 Northern Daly Northern Daly Simple Clauses mnd Mandarin 1 Present 34.0 110.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses myi Mangarrayi 2 Absent -14.6666666667 133.5 Mangarrayi Mangarrayi-Maran Simple Clauses mao Maori 1 Present -40.0 176.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses map Mapudungun 1 Present -38.0 -72.0 Araucanian Araucanian Simple Clauses mku Maranungku 2 Absent -13.6666666667 130.0 Wagaydy Western Daly Simple Clauses mar Maricopa 1 Present 33.1666666667 -113.166666667 Yuman Hokan Simple Clauses mrd Marind 2 Absent -7.83333333333 140.166666667 Marind-Yaqay Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses mrt Martuthunira 1 Present -20.8333333333 116.5 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses msl Masalit 1 Present 13.3333333333 22.0 Maban Maban Simple Clauses mau Maung 2 Absent -11.9166666667 133.5 Iwaidjan Iwaidjan Simple Clauses mcr Mauritian Creole 2 Absent -20.3333333333 57.5 Creoles and Pidgins other Simple Clauses may Maybrat 2 Absent -1.33333333333 132.5 Maybrat Maybrat Simple Clauses mby Mbay 2 Absent 8.25 17.5 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Simple Clauses mei Meithei 2 Absent 24.75 94.0 Manipuri Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses mde Mende 2 Absent 7.83333333333 -11.5 Western Mande Mande Simple Clauses mis Miskito 2 Absent 14.0 -83.6666666667 Misumalpan Misumalpan Simple Clauses mss Miwok (Southern Sierra) 1 Present 37.5 -120.0 Miwok Penutian Simple Clauses mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 2 Absent 17.05 -97.5833333333 Mixtec Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses miz Mizo 2 Absent 23.1666666667 92.8333333333 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses mlm Mlabri (Minor) 2 Absent 18.5 101.0 Khmuic Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses moh Mohawk 2 Absent 43.5 -74.25 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Simple Clauses moa Mono-Alu 2 Absent -7.05 155.75 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses mum Mumuye 2 Absent 9.0 11.6666666667 Mumuye-Yandang Niger-Congo Simple Clauses mna Muna 2 Absent -5.0 122.5 Celebic Austronesian Simple Clauses mun Mundari 1 Present 23.0 84.6666666667 Munda Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses mup Mupun 2 Absent 9.5 8.83333333333 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses mrl Murle 1 Present 6.5 33.5 South Surmic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses nad Nadëb 1 Present -1.0 -66.5 Nadahup Nadahup Simple Clauses nht Nahuatl (Tetelcingo) 1 Present 19.6666666667 -99.0 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses nak Nakanai 2 Absent -5.58333333333 150.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses kho Nama 1 Present -25.5 18.0 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Simple Clauses nai Nanai 1 Present 49.5 137.0 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses nan Nandi 2 Absent 0.25 35.0 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses nas Nasioi 2 Absent -6.33333333333 155.583333333 South Bougainville South Bougainville Simple Clauses nav Navajo 1 Present 36.1666666667 -108.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses ndo Ndonga 1 Present -18.0 17.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses ndy Ndyuka 2 Absent 4.5 -54.5 Creoles and Pidgins other Simple Clauses ntu Nenets 1 Present 70.0 76.0 Samoyedic Uralic Simple Clauses nez Nez Perce 1 Present 46.0 -116.0 Sahaptian Penutian Simple Clauses ngl Ngalakan 2 Absent -14.25 134.0 Eastern Gunwinyguan Gunwinyguan Simple Clauses ngk Ngankikurungkurr 2 Absent -14.0 130.5 Ngankikurungkurr Southern Daly Simple Clauses nti Ngiti 2 Absent 1.33333333333 30.25 Lendu Central Sudanic Simple Clauses ngi Ngiyambaa 2 Absent -31.75 145.5 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses nbr Ngäbere 1 Present 8.66666666667 -82.0 Guaymiic Chibchan Simple Clauses niv Nivkh 2 Absent 53.3333333333 142.0 Nivkh Nivkh Simple Clauses nko Nkore-Kiga 1 Present -0.916666666667 29.8333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses noo Noon 1 Present 14.8333333333 -16.8333333333 Cangin Niger-Congo Simple Clauses nbd Nubian (Dongolese) 1 Present 18.25 30.75 Nubian Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses nug Nunggubuyu 2 Absent -13.75 135.666666667 Nunggubuyu Gunwinyguan Simple Clauses nup Nupe 2 Absent 9.16666666667 5.41666666667 Nupoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses nuu Nuuchahnulth 1 Present 49.6666666667 -126.666666667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Simple Clauses nyu Nyulnyul 2 Absent -17.0 122.833333333 Nyulnyulan Nyulnyulan Simple Clauses ond Oneida 2 Absent 43.0 -75.6666666667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Simple Clauses orh Oromo (Harar) 2 Absent 9.0 42.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses oss Ossetic 1 Present 43.0 44.0 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses otm Otomí (Mezquital) 2 Absent 20.1666666667 -99.1666666667 Otomian Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses pms Paamese 2 Absent -16.5 168.25 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses pai Paiwan 2 Absent 22.5 120.833333333 Paiwan Austronesian Simple Clauses pal Palauan 1 Present 7.5 134.583333333 Palauan Austronesian Simple Clauses plk Palikur 1 Present 3.0 -51.0 Palikur Arawakan Simple Clauses pny Panyjima 1 Present -22.8333333333 118.416666667 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses psm Passamaquoddy-Maliseet 1 Present 45.0 -67.0 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses pau Paumarí 1 Present -6.0 -64.0 Arauan Arauan Simple Clauses pec Pech 2 Absent 15.0 -85.5 Pech Chibchan Simple Clauses prs Persian 1 Present 32.0 54.0 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses pip Pipil 1 Present 13.8333333333 -89.5833333333 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses prh Pirahã 2 Absent -7.0 -62.0 Mura Mura Simple Clauses pit Pitjantjatjara 2 Absent -26.0 130.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses pol Polish 1 Present 52.0 20.0 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses pso Pomo (Southeastern) 2 Absent 39.0 -122.5 Pomoan Hokan Simple Clauses psj Popoloca (San Juan Atzingo) 1 Present 18.1666666667 -96.4166666667 Popolocan Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses pur Purépecha 2 Absent 19.5 -101.666666667 Tarascan Tarascan Simple Clauses par Päri 1 Present 5.0 32.5 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses qaw Qawasqar 2 Absent -49.0 -75.0 Alacalufan Alacalufan Simple Clauses qim Quechua (Imbabura) 1 Present 0.333333333333 -78.0 Quechuan Quechuan Simple Clauses qui Quileute 1 Present 47.9166666667 -124.25 Chimakuan Chimakuan Simple Clauses ram Rama 2 Absent 11.75 -83.75 Rama Chibchan Simple Clauses rap Rapanui 2 Absent -27.1166666667 -109.366666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses rem Remo 2 Absent 18.0 82.0 Munda Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses ret Retuarã 2 Absent -0.5 -70.6666666667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Simple Clauses rus Russian 1 Present 56.0 38.0 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses sah Sahu 2 Absent 1.16666666667 127.5 North Halmaheran North Halmaheran Simple Clauses sal Salinan 2 Absent 36.0 -121.0 Salinan Hokan Simple Clauses syu Salt-Yui 2 Absent -6.28333333333 145.033333333 Chimbu-Wahgi Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses sam Samoan 2 Absent -13.9166666667 -171.833333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses san Sango 2 Absent 5.0 18.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Simple Clauses snm Sanuma 1 Present 4.5 -64.6666666667 Yanomam Yanomam Simple Clauses srm Saramaccan 2 Absent 4.5 -55.5 Creoles and Pidgins other Simple Clauses saw Sawu 2 Absent -11.5 121.916666667 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Simple Clauses slp Selepet 2 Absent -6.16666666667 147.166666667 Huon Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses sel Selknam 2 Absent -53.0 -70.0 Chonan Proper Chonan Simple Clauses sem Sema 2 Absent 26.0 94.5 Angami-Pochuri Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses sml Semelai 1 Present 3.0 103.0 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses snt Sentani 2 Absent -2.58333333333 140.583333333 Sentanic Sentanic Simple Clauses shk Shipibo-Konibo 2 Absent -7.5 -75.0 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Simple Clauses siu Siuslaw 1 Present 44.0 -124.0 Siuslawan Oregon Coast Simple Clauses sla Slave 1 Present 67.0 -125.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses so So 1 Present 2.58333333333 34.75 Kuliak Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses spa Spanish 1 Present 40.0 -4.0 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses squ Squamish 1 Present 49.6666666667 -123.166666667 Central Salish Salishan Simple Clauses sue Suena 2 Absent -7.75 147.55 Binanderean Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses sun Sundanese 1 Present -7.0 107.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Simple Clauses sup Supyire 2 Absent 11.5 -5.58333333333 Senufo Niger-Congo Simple Clauses swa Swahili 1 Present -6.5 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses tab Taba 1 Present 0.0 127.5 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Simple Clauses tag Tagalog 2 Absent 15.0 121.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Simple Clauses tap Taiap 2 Absent -4.08333333333 144.5 Taiap Taiap Simple Clauses tkl Takelma 1 Present 42.5 -123.0 Takelma Takelma Simple Clauses tau Tauya 2 Absent -5.75 145.333333333 Rai Coast Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses taw Tawala 2 Absent -10.3333333333 150.666666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses tmr Temiar 2 Absent 5.0 101.5 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses tpn Tepehuan (Northern) 1 Present 26.3333333333 -107.0 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses trb Teribe 2 Absent 9.33333333333 -82.6666666667 Western Isthmic Chibchan Chibchan Simple Clauses tha Thai 1 Present 16.0 101.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses tid Tidore 2 Absent 0.75 127.5 North Halmaheran North Halmaheran Simple Clauses tgk Tigak 2 Absent -2.71666666667 150.8 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses tja Tiipay (Jamul) 2 Absent 32.1666666667 -116.5 Yuman Hokan Simple Clauses tin Tinrin 1 Present -21.6666666667 165.75 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses tir Tiriyo 2 Absent 3.25 -55.75 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses tiw Tiwi 2 Absent -11.5 131.0 Tiwian Tiwian Simple Clauses tli Tlingit 2 Absent 59.0 -135.0 Tlingit Na-Dene Simple Clauses tol Tol 2 Absent 14.6666666667 -87.0 Tol Tol Simple Clauses tla Tolai 2 Absent -4.25 152.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses tms Tommo So 2 Absent 15.0 -3.0 Dogon Dogon Simple Clauses ton Tonkawa 2 Absent 30.25 -96.75 Tonkawa Tonkawa Simple Clauses tot Totonac (Misantla) 2 Absent 19.9166666667 -96.9166666667 Totonacan Totonacan Simple Clauses tri Trique (Copala) 2 Absent 17.1666666667 -97.9166666667 Trique Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses tru Trumai 2 Absent -11.9166666667 -53.5833333333 Trumai Trumai Simple Clauses tsi Tsimshian (Coast) 2 Absent 52.5 -129.0 Tsimshianic Tsimshianic Simple Clauses tso Tsou 2 Absent 23.5 120.75 Tsou Austronesian Simple Clauses tuk Tukang Besi 1 Present -5.5 123.5 Celebic Austronesian Simple Clauses tun Tunica 2 Absent 32.6666666667 -91.0 Tunica Tunica Simple Clauses tna Turkana 1 Present 3.0 35.5 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses tur Turkish 1 Present 39.0 35.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses tzu Tzutujil 1 Present 14.6666666667 -91.3333333333 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses udh Udihe 1 Present 47.6666666667 136.25 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses uma Uma 2 Absent -1.83333333333 120.0 Celebic Austronesian Simple Clauses una Una 2 Absent -4.66666666667 140.0 Mek Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses ung Ungarinjin 2 Absent -16.3333333333 126.0 Worrorran Worrorran Simple Clauses ura Ura 2 Absent -18.6666666667 169.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses uhi Uradhi 2 Absent -11.9166666667 142.416666667 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses urk Urubú-Kaapor 2 Absent -2.33333333333 -46.5 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Simple Clauses usa Usan 2 Absent -4.83333333333 145.166666667 North Adelbert Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses vie Vietnamese 1 Present 10.5 106.5 Vietic Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses wam Wambaya 2 Absent -18.6666666667 135.75 Wambayan Mirndi Simple Clauses wbn Wambon 2 Absent -5.5 140.416666667 Dumut Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses wao Waorani 2 Absent -1.0 -76.5 Waorani Waorani Simple Clauses wap Wappo 1 Present 38.5 -122.5 Wappo Wappo-Yukian Simple Clauses wra Warao 1 Present 9.33333333333 -61.6666666667 Warao Warao Simple Clauses wrd Wardaman 2 Absent -15.5 131.0 Yangmanic Yangmanic Simple Clauses wrk Warekena 2 Absent 1.5 -67.5 Alto-Orinoco Arawakan Simple Clauses war Wari' 1 Present -11.3333333333 -65.0 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Simple Clauses was Washo 2 Absent 39.25 -120.0 Washo Washo Simple Clauses wsk Waskia 2 Absent -4.5 146.0 Kowan Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses wel Welsh 1 Present 52.0 -3.0 Celtic Indo-European Simple Clauses wma West Makian 2 Absent 0.5 127.583333333 North Halmaheran North Halmaheran Simple Clauses wic Wichita 2 Absent 33.3333333333 -97.3333333333 Northern Caddoan Caddoan Simple Clauses wch Wichí 2 Absent -22.5 -62.5833333333 Matacoan Matacoan Simple Clauses wik Wikchamni 1 Present 36.4166666667 -119.083333333 Yokuts Penutian Simple Clauses win Wintu 1 Present 41.0 -122.5 Wintuan Penutian Simple Clauses yag Yagua 2 Absent -3.5 -72.0 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Simple Clauses yap Yapese 2 Absent 9.58333333333 138.166666667 Yapese Austronesian Simple Clauses yaq Yaqui 1 Present 27.5 -110.25 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses yel Yelî Dnye 2 Absent -11.3666666667 154.166666667 Yele Yele Simple Clauses yes Yessan-Mayo 2 Absent -4.16666666667 142.583333333 Tama Sepik Sepik Simple Clauses yid Yidiny 2 Absent -17.0 145.75 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses yim Yimas 2 Absent -4.66666666667 143.55 Lower Sepik Ramu-Lower Sepik Simple Clauses yor Yoruba 2 Absent 8.0 4.33333333333 Defoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses yuc Yuchi 2 Absent 35.75 -86.75 Yuchi Yuchi Simple Clauses yko Yukaghir (Kolyma) 2 Absent 65.75 150.833333333 Yukaghir Yukaghir Simple Clauses yuk Yukulta 1 Present -17.3333333333 138.833333333 Tangkic Tangkic Simple Clauses ypk Yup'ik (Central) 2 Absent 59.5 -160.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Simple Clauses yur Yurok 1 Present 41.3333333333 -124.0 Yurok Algic Simple Clauses zan Zande 1 Present 4.0 26.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Simple Clauses zqc Zoque (Copainalá) 2 Absent 17.0 -93.25 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Simple Clauses zul Zulu 1 Present -30.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses zun Zuni 1 Present 35.0833333333 -108.833333333 Zuni Zuni Simple Clauses