Maria Polinsky. 2013. Antipassive Constructions. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/108, Accessed on 2026-06-11.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area abk Abkhaz 4 no antipassive 43.0833333333 41.0 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Simple Clauses ain Ainu 4 no antipassive 43.0 143.0 Ainu Ainu Simple Clauses ala Alamblak 4 no antipassive -4.66666666667 143.333333333 Sepik Hill Sepik Simple Clauses ame Amele 4 no antipassive -5.25 145.583333333 Mabuso Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses apu Apurinã 4 no antipassive -9.0 -67.0 Purus Arawakan Simple Clauses aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 4 no antipassive 30.0 31.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses arp Arapesh (Mountain) 4 no antipassive -3.46666666667 143.166666667 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Simple Clauses arc Archi 1 productive 42.0 46.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses arm Armenian (Eastern) 4 no antipassive 40.0 45.0 Armenian Indo-European Simple Clauses asm Asmat 4 no antipassive -5.5 138.5 Asmat-Kamrau Bay Asmat-Kamrau Bay Simple Clauses awp Awa Pit 4 no antipassive 1.5 -78.25 Barbacoan Barbacoan Simple Clauses bag Bagirmi 4 no antipassive 11.6666666667 16.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Simple Clauses brs Barasano 4 no antipassive -0.166666666667 -70.6666666667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Simple Clauses bsq Basque 2 partially productive 43.0 -3.0 Basque Basque Simple Clauses bkr Batak (Karo) 4 no antipassive 3.25 98.25 Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands Austronesian Simple Clauses bej Beja 4 no antipassive 18.0 36.0 Beja Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 4 no antipassive 33.0 -5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses bez Bezhta 2 partially productive 42.0833333333 46.1666666667 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses brh Brahui 4 no antipassive 28.5 67.0 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses brm Burmese 4 no antipassive 21.0 96.0 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses bur Burushaski 4 no antipassive 36.5 74.5 Burushaski Burushaski Simple Clauses cah Cahuilla 1 productive 33.5 -116.25 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses chh Chaha 4 no antipassive 8.112935 37.93267 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses cha Chamorro 2 partially productive 13.45 144.75 Chamorro Austronesian Simple Clauses chc Chechen 1 productive 43.25 45.8333333333 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses cic Chichewa 4 no antipassive -14.0 34.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses cct Choctaw 3 not productive 32.25 -88.5 Muskogean Muskogean Simple Clauses chk Chukchi 1 productive 67.0 -173.0 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Simple Clauses cmn Comanche 1 productive 33.5 -101.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses cre Cree (Plains) 1 productive 54.0 -110.0 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses dag Daga 4 no antipassive -10.0 149.333333333 Dagan Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses dni Dani (Lower Grand Valley) 4 no antipassive -4.33333333333 138.833333333 Dani Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses diy Diyari 2 partially productive -28.0 139.0 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses djr Djaru 2 partially productive -18.75 128.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses dji Djingili 4 no antipassive -17.75 134.0 Djingili Mirndi Simple Clauses don Dong (Southern) 4 no antipassive 27.0 109.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses dyi Dyirbal 1 productive -17.8333333333 145.583333333 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses eml Embaloh 1 productive 1.16666666667 112.333333333 South Sulawesi Austronesian Simple Clauses eng English 4 no antipassive 52.0 0.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses epe Epena Pedee 4 no antipassive 3.0 -77.0 Choco Choco Simple Clauses eve Evenki 4 no antipassive 56.0 125.0 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses ewe Ewe 4 no antipassive 6.33333333333 0.416666666667 Gbe Niger-Congo Simple Clauses fij Fijian 4 no antipassive -17.8333333333 178.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses fin Finnish 4 no antipassive 62.0 25.0 Finnic Uralic Simple Clauses fre French 4 no antipassive 48.0 2.0 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses gae Gaelic (Scots) 4 no antipassive 57.0 -4.0 Celtic Indo-European Simple Clauses geo Georgian 4 no antipassive 42.0 44.0 Kartvelian Kartvelian Simple Clauses ger German 4 no antipassive 52.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses gdi Godié 4 no antipassive 5.41666666667 -5.83333333333 Kru Niger-Congo Simple Clauses god Godoberi 2 partially productive 42.6666666667 46.0833333333 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses goo Gooniyandi 2 partially productive -18.3333333333 126.333333333 Bunuban Bunuban Simple Clauses grb Grebo 4 no antipassive 5.0 -8.0 Kru Niger-Congo Simple Clauses grk Greek (Modern) 4 no antipassive 39.0 22.0 Greek Indo-European Simple Clauses grw Greenlandic (West) 1 productive 64.0 -51.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Simple Clauses gua Guaraní 4 no antipassive -26.0 -56.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Simple Clauses hlu Halkomelem (Upriver) 1 productive 49.25 -121.916666667 Central Salish Salishan Simple Clauses hau Hausa 4 no antipassive 12.0 7.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses heb Hebrew (Modern) 4 no antipassive 31.5 34.8333333333 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses hin Hindi 4 no antipassive 25.0 77.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses hix Hixkaryana 4 no antipassive -1.0 -59.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses hmo Hmong Njua 4 no antipassive 28.0 105.0 Hmongic Hmong-Mien Simple Clauses hun Hungarian 4 no antipassive 47.0 20.0 Ugric Uralic Simple Clauses hzb Hunzib 2 partially productive 42.1666666667 46.25 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses ice Icelandic 4 no antipassive 65.0 -17.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses igb Igbo 4 no antipassive 6.0 7.33333333333 Igboid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses ika Ika 4 no antipassive 10.6666666667 -73.75 Arhuacic Chibchan Simple Clauses imo Imonda 4 no antipassive -3.33333333333 141.166666667 Border Border Simple Clauses ind Indonesian 4 no antipassive 0.0 106.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Simple Clauses ing Ingush 4 no antipassive 43.1666666667 45.0833333333 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses irq Iraqw 4 no antipassive -4.0 35.5 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses jak Jakaltek 1 productive 15.6666666667 -91.6666666667 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses jpn Japanese 4 no antipassive 37.0 140.0 Japanese Japanese Simple Clauses juh Ju|'hoan 4 no antipassive -19.0 21.0 Ju-Kung Kxa Simple Clauses kab Kabardian 1 productive 43.5 43.5 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Simple Clauses kam Kambera 4 no antipassive -9.83333333333 120.166666667 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Simple Clauses knd Kannada 4 no antipassive 14.0 76.0 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses knr Kanuri 4 no antipassive 12.0 13.0 Western Saharan Saharan Simple Clauses kpm Kapampangan 1 productive 15.3333333333 120.5 Central Luzon Austronesian Simple Clauses krk Karok 4 no antipassive 41.6666666667 -123.0 Karok Hokan Simple Clauses kas Kashmiri 4 no antipassive 34.0 76.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses kay Kayardild 4 no antipassive -17.05 139.5 Tangkic Tangkic Simple Clauses ket Ket 4 no antipassive 64.0 87.0 Yeniseian Yeniseian Simple Clauses kew Kewa 4 no antipassive -6.5 143.833333333 Enga_Kewa-Huli Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses khk Khakas 4 no antipassive 53.0 90.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses kha Khalkha 4 no antipassive 47.0 105.0 Mongolic Altaic Simple Clauses khs Khasi 4 no antipassive 25.5 92.0 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses klv Kilivila 4 no antipassive -8.5 151.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses kio Kiowa 2 partially productive 37.0 -99.0 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Simple Clauses kgz Kirghiz 4 no antipassive 42.0 75.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses koa Koasati 4 no antipassive 34.8333333333 -85.1666666667 Muskogean Muskogean Simple Clauses kob Kobon 4 no antipassive -5.16666666667 144.333333333 Kalam-Kobon Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses kor Korean 4 no antipassive 37.5 128.0 Korean Korean Simple Clauses kfe Koromfe 4 no antipassive 14.25 -0.916666666667 Koromfe Niger-Congo Simple Clauses kse Koyraboro Senni 1 productive 16.0 0.0 Songhay Songhay Simple Clauses kro Krongo 1 productive 10.5 30.0 Kadugli Kadu Simple Clauses kut Kutenai 4 no antipassive 49.5 -116.0 Kutenai Kutenai Simple Clauses lak Lak 1 productive 42.1666666667 47.1666666667 Lak Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses lkt Lakhota 4 no antipassive 43.8333333333 -101.833333333 Mississippi Valley Siouan Siouan Simple Clauses lan Lango 2 partially productive 2.16666666667 33.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses lat Latvian 4 no antipassive 57.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Simple Clauses lav Lavukaleve 3 not productive -9.08333333333 159.2 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Simple Clauses lez Lezgian 4 no antipassive 41.6666666667 47.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses lin Lingala 4 no antipassive 2.0 18.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses luv Luvale 4 no antipassive -12.0 22.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses mac Macushi 4 no antipassive 4.0 -60.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses mak Makah 4 no antipassive 48.3333333333 -124.666666667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Simple Clauses mal Malagasy 4 no antipassive -20.0 47.0 Barito Austronesian Simple Clauses mam Mam 1 productive 15.0 -91.8333333333 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses mnd Mandarin 4 no antipassive 34.0 110.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses mao Maori 4 no antipassive -40.0 176.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses map Mapudungun 4 no antipassive -38.0 -72.0 Araucanian Araucanian Simple Clauses mar Maricopa 4 no antipassive 33.1666666667 -113.166666667 Yuman Hokan Simple Clauses mrt Martuthunira 4 no antipassive -20.8333333333 116.5 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses mau Maung 4 no antipassive -11.9166666667 133.5 Iwaidjan Iwaidjan Simple Clauses may Maybrat 4 no antipassive -1.33333333333 132.5 Maybrat Maybrat Simple Clauses mei Meithei 4 no antipassive 24.75 94.0 Manipuri Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 4 no antipassive 17.05 -97.5833333333 Mixtec Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses mrl Murle 4 no antipassive 6.5 33.5 South Surmic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses kho Nama 4 no antipassive -25.5 18.0 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Simple Clauses ndy Ndyuka 4 no antipassive 4.5 -54.5 Creoles and Pidgins other Simple Clauses nez Nez Perce 1 productive 46.0 -116.0 Sahaptian Penutian Simple Clauses ngi Ngiyambaa 4 no antipassive -31.75 145.5 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses niv Nivkh 4 no antipassive 53.3333333333 142.0 Nivkh Nivkh Simple Clauses nko Nkore-Kiga 4 no antipassive -0.916666666667 29.8333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses nug Nunggubuyu 4 no antipassive -13.75 135.666666667 Nunggubuyu Gunwinyguan Simple Clauses oji Ojibwa (Eastern) 1 productive 46.0 -80.0 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses ond Oneida 4 no antipassive 43.0 -75.6666666667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Simple Clauses orh Oromo (Harar) 4 no antipassive 9.0 42.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses otm Otomí (Mezquital) 4 no antipassive 20.1666666667 -99.1666666667 Otomian Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses pms Paamese 4 no antipassive -16.5 168.25 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses pai Paiwan 1 productive 22.5 120.833333333 Paiwan Austronesian Simple Clauses pan Panjabi 4 no antipassive 31.0 74.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses psm Passamaquoddy-Maliseet 4 no antipassive 45.0 -67.0 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses pau Paumarí 4 no antipassive -6.0 -64.0 Arauan Arauan Simple Clauses prs Persian 4 no antipassive 32.0 54.0 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses prh Pirahã 4 no antipassive -7.0 -62.0 Mura Mura Simple Clauses pmc Pomo (Central) 4 no antipassive 39.0 -123.333333333 Pomoan Hokan Simple Clauses qaf Qafar 4 no antipassive 12.0 42.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses qim Quechua (Imbabura) 4 no antipassive 0.333333333333 -78.0 Quechuan Quechuan Simple Clauses ram Rama 4 no antipassive 11.75 -83.75 Rama Chibchan Simple Clauses rap Rapanui 4 no antipassive -27.1166666667 -109.366666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses rus Russian 4 no antipassive 56.0 38.0 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses sam Samoan 4 no antipassive -13.9166666667 -171.833333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses san Sango 4 no antipassive 5.0 18.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Simple Clauses snc Seneca 4 no antipassive 42.5 -77.5 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Simple Clauses shk Shipibo-Konibo 4 no antipassive -7.5 -75.0 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Simple Clauses sla Slave 4 no antipassive 67.0 -125.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses spa Spanish 4 no antipassive 40.0 -4.0 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses sue Suena 4 no antipassive -7.75 147.55 Binanderean Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses sup Supyire 4 no antipassive 11.5 -5.58333333333 Senufo Niger-Congo Simple Clauses swa Swahili 4 no antipassive -6.5 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses tab Taba 4 no antipassive 0.0 127.5 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Simple Clauses tag Tagalog 4 no antipassive 15.0 121.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Simple Clauses tap Taiap 4 no antipassive -4.08333333333 144.5 Taiap Taiap Simple Clauses tml Tamil 4 no antipassive 11.0 78.5 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses tau Tauya 4 no antipassive -5.75 145.333333333 Rai Coast Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses tha Thai 4 no antipassive 16.0 101.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses tho Thompson 2 partially productive 49.75 -121.75 Interior Salish Salishan Simple Clauses tiw Tiwi 4 no antipassive -11.5 131.0 Tiwian Tiwian Simple Clauses tsz Tsez 2 partially productive 42.25 45.75 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses tuk Tukang Besi 4 no antipassive -5.5 123.5 Celebic Austronesian Simple Clauses tur Turkish 4 no antipassive 39.0 35.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses tvl Tuvaluan 4 no antipassive -8.5 179.166666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses tzu Tzutujil 1 productive 14.6666666667 -91.3333333333 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses ukr Ukrainian 4 no antipassive 49.0 33.0 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses una Una 4 no antipassive -4.66666666667 140.0 Mek Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses usa Usan 4 no antipassive -4.83333333333 145.166666667 North Adelbert Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses uzb Uzbek 4 no antipassive 39.0 66.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses vie Vietnamese 4 no antipassive 10.5 106.5 Vietic Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses wam Wambaya 4 no antipassive -18.6666666667 135.75 Wambayan Mirndi Simple Clauses wra Warao 4 no antipassive 9.33333333333 -61.6666666667 Warao Warao Simple Clauses wrd Wardaman 1 productive -15.5 131.0 Yangmanic Yangmanic Simple Clauses war Wari' 4 no antipassive -11.3333333333 -65.0 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Simple Clauses wgu Warrongo 2 partially productive -18.0 145.0 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses wic Wichita 4 no antipassive 33.3333333333 -97.3333333333 Northern Caddoan Caddoan Simple Clauses wch Wichí 4 no antipassive -22.5 -62.5833333333 Matacoan Matacoan Simple Clauses yag Yagua 4 no antipassive -3.5 -72.0 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Simple Clauses yaq Yaqui 4 no antipassive 27.5 -110.25 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses yaz Yazgulyam 4 no antipassive 38.5 71.5 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses yid Yidiny 1 productive -17.0 145.75 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses yim Yimas 4 no antipassive -4.66666666667 143.55 Lower Sepik Ramu-Lower Sepik Simple Clauses yor Yoruba 4 no antipassive 8.0 4.33333333333 Defoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses ypk Yup'ik (Central) 1 productive 59.5 -160.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Simple Clauses yur Yurok 4 no antipassive 41.3333333333 -124.0 Yurok Algic Simple Clauses zqc Zoque (Copainalá) 2 partially productive 17.0 -93.25 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Simple Clauses zul Zulu 4 no antipassive -30.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses