Maria Polinsky. 2013. Applicative Constructions. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/109, Accessed on 2026-06-15.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area abz Abaza 3 Instrument and locative 44.0 42.0 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Simple Clauses abk Abkhaz 1 Instrument 43.0833333333 41.0 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Simple Clauses aco Acoma 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 34.9166666667 -107.583333333 Keresan Keresan Simple Clauses ain Ainu 3 Instrument and locative 43.0 143.0 Ainu Ainu Simple Clauses ala Alamblak 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -4.66666666667 143.333333333 Sepik Hill Sepik Simple Clauses ame Amele 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -5.25 145.583333333 Mabuso Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses apu Apurinã 5 No applicative construction -9.0 -67.0 Purus Arawakan Simple Clauses aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 5 No applicative construction 30.0 31.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses arp Arapesh (Mountain) 2 Locative -3.46666666667 143.166666667 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Simple Clauses arc Archi 5 No applicative construction 42.0 46.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses arm Armenian (Eastern) 5 No applicative construction 40.0 45.0 Armenian Indo-European Simple Clauses asm Asmat 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -5.5 138.5 Asmat-Kamrau Bay Asmat-Kamrau Bay Simple Clauses awp Awa Pit 5 No applicative construction 1.5 -78.25 Barbacoan Barbacoan Simple Clauses bag Bagirmi 5 No applicative construction 11.6666666667 16.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Simple Clauses brs Barasano 5 No applicative construction -0.166666666667 -70.6666666667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Simple Clauses bsq Basque 5 No applicative construction 43.0 -3.0 Basque Basque Simple Clauses bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 5 No applicative construction 33.0 -5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses brh Brahui 5 No applicative construction 28.5 67.0 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses brm Burmese 5 No applicative construction 21.0 96.0 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses bur Burushaski 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 36.5 74.5 Burushaski Burushaski Simple Clauses cah Cahuilla 2 Locative 33.5 -116.25 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses cnl Canela 5 No applicative construction -7.0 -45.0 Je Setentrional Macro-Ge Simple Clauses chh Chaha 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 8.112935 37.93267 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses cha Chamorro 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 13.45 144.75 Chamorro Austronesian Simple Clauses cic Chichewa 3 Instrument and locative -14.0 34.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses chk Chukchi 5 No applicative construction 67.0 -173.0 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Simple Clauses cmn Comanche 1 Instrument 33.5 -101.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses cre Cree (Plains) 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 54.0 -110.0 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses dag Daga 5 No applicative construction -10.0 149.333333333 Dagan Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses dni Dani (Lower Grand Valley) 2 Locative -4.33333333333 138.833333333 Dani Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses diy Diyari 2 Locative -28.0 139.0 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses dji Djingili 5 No applicative construction -17.75 134.0 Djingili Mirndi Simple Clauses dyi Dyirbal 1 Instrument -17.8333333333 145.583333333 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses eng English 5 No applicative construction 52.0 0.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses epe Epena Pedee 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 3.0 -77.0 Choco Choco Simple Clauses eve Evenki 5 No applicative construction 56.0 125.0 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses ewe Ewe 5 No applicative construction 6.33333333333 0.416666666667 Gbe Niger-Congo Simple Clauses fij Fijian 2 Locative -17.8333333333 178.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses fin Finnish 5 No applicative construction 62.0 25.0 Finnic Uralic Simple Clauses fre French 5 No applicative construction 48.0 2.0 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses gae Gaelic (Scots) 5 No applicative construction 57.0 -4.0 Celtic Indo-European Simple Clauses geo Georgian 2 Locative 42.0 44.0 Kartvelian Kartvelian Simple Clauses ger German 5 No applicative construction 52.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses god Godoberi 5 No applicative construction 42.6666666667 46.0833333333 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses goo Gooniyandi 5 No applicative construction -18.3333333333 126.333333333 Bunuban Bunuban Simple Clauses grb Grebo 1 Instrument 5.0 -8.0 Kru Niger-Congo Simple Clauses grk Greek (Modern) 5 No applicative construction 39.0 22.0 Greek Indo-European Simple Clauses grw Greenlandic (West) 1 Instrument 64.0 -51.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Simple Clauses gua Guaraní 5 No applicative construction -26.0 -56.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Simple Clauses hlu Halkomelem (Upriver) 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 49.25 -121.916666667 Central Salish Salishan Simple Clauses hau Hausa 2 Locative 12.0 7.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses heb Hebrew (Modern) 5 No applicative construction 31.5 34.8333333333 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses hin Hindi 5 No applicative construction 25.0 77.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses hix Hixkaryana 5 No applicative construction -1.0 -59.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses hmo Hmong Njua 5 No applicative construction 28.0 105.0 Hmongic Hmong-Mien Simple Clauses hun Hungarian 5 No applicative construction 47.0 20.0 Ugric Uralic Simple Clauses hzb Hunzib 5 No applicative construction 42.1666666667 46.25 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses ice Icelandic 5 No applicative construction 65.0 -17.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses igb Igbo 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 6.0 7.33333333333 Igboid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses ika Ika 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 10.6666666667 -73.75 Arhuacic Chibchan Simple Clauses imo Imonda 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -3.33333333333 141.166666667 Border Border Simple Clauses ind Indonesian 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 0.0 106.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Simple Clauses ing Ingush 5 No applicative construction 43.1666666667 45.0833333333 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses irq Iraqw 5 No applicative construction -4.0 35.5 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses jak Jakaltek 1 Instrument 15.6666666667 -91.6666666667 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses jpn Japanese 5 No applicative construction 37.0 140.0 Japanese Japanese Simple Clauses juh Ju|'hoan 2 Locative -19.0 21.0 Ju-Kung Kxa Simple Clauses kam Kambera 2 Locative -9.83333333333 120.166666667 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Simple Clauses knd Kannada 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 14.0 76.0 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses knr Kanuri 2 Locative 12.0 13.0 Western Saharan Saharan Simple Clauses krk Karok 1 Instrument 41.6666666667 -123.0 Karok Hokan Simple Clauses kas Kashmiri 5 No applicative construction 34.0 76.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses kay Kayardild 5 No applicative construction -17.05 139.5 Tangkic Tangkic Simple Clauses ket Ket 5 No applicative construction 64.0 87.0 Yeniseian Yeniseian Simple Clauses kew Kewa 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -6.5 143.833333333 Enga_Kewa-Huli Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses khk Khakas 5 No applicative construction 53.0 90.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses kha Khalkha 5 No applicative construction 47.0 105.0 Mongolic Altaic Simple Clauses khs Khasi 5 No applicative construction 25.5 92.0 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses klv Kilivila 5 No applicative construction -8.5 151.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses kio Kiowa 5 No applicative construction 37.0 -99.0 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Simple Clauses kgz Kirghiz 5 No applicative construction 42.0 75.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses koa Koasati 5 No applicative construction 34.8333333333 -85.1666666667 Muskogean Muskogean Simple Clauses kob Kobon 5 No applicative construction -5.16666666667 144.333333333 Kalam-Kobon Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses kol Kolami 5 No applicative construction 20.0 78.5 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses kor Korean 5 No applicative construction 37.5 128.0 Korean Korean Simple Clauses kfe Koromfe 5 No applicative construction 14.25 -0.916666666667 Koromfe Niger-Congo Simple Clauses kse Koyraboro Senni 1 Instrument 16.0 0.0 Songhay Songhay Simple Clauses kro Krongo 2 Locative 10.5 30.0 Kadugli Kadu Simple Clauses kut Kutenai 1 Instrument 49.5 -116.0 Kutenai Kutenai Simple Clauses lai Lai 1 Instrument 22.6666666667 93.6666666667 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses lak Lak 5 No applicative construction 42.1666666667 47.1666666667 Lak Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses lkt Lakhota 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 43.8333333333 -101.833333333 Mississippi Valley Siouan Siouan Simple Clauses lan Lango 2 Locative 2.16666666667 33.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses lat Latvian 5 No applicative construction 57.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Simple Clauses lav Lavukaleve 5 No applicative construction -9.08333333333 159.2 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Simple Clauses lez Lezgian 5 No applicative construction 41.6666666667 47.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses lin Lingala 2 Locative 2.0 18.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses luv Luvale 3 Instrument and locative -12.0 22.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses mac Macushi 5 No applicative construction 4.0 -60.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses mak Makah 5 No applicative construction 48.3333333333 -124.666666667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Simple Clauses mal Malagasy 3 Instrument and locative -20.0 47.0 Barito Austronesian Simple Clauses mnd Mandarin 5 No applicative construction 34.0 110.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses myi Mangarrayi 5 No applicative construction -14.6666666667 133.5 Mangarrayi Mangarrayi-Maran Simple Clauses mao Maori 5 No applicative construction -40.0 176.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses map Mapudungun 5 No applicative construction -38.0 -72.0 Araucanian Araucanian Simple Clauses mar Maricopa 2 Locative 33.1666666667 -113.166666667 Yuman Hokan Simple Clauses mrt Martuthunira 5 No applicative construction -20.8333333333 116.5 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses mau Maung 5 No applicative construction -11.9166666667 133.5 Iwaidjan Iwaidjan Simple Clauses may Maybrat 1 Instrument -1.33333333333 132.5 Maybrat Maybrat Simple Clauses mei Meithei 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 24.75 94.0 Manipuri Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 5 No applicative construction 17.05 -97.5833333333 Mixtec Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses mrl Murle 5 No applicative construction 6.5 33.5 South Surmic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses kho Nama 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -25.5 18.0 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Simple Clauses ndy Ndyuka 5 No applicative construction 4.5 -54.5 Creoles and Pidgins other Simple Clauses nez Nez Perce 2 Locative 46.0 -116.0 Sahaptian Penutian Simple Clauses ngn Ngandi 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -13.8333333333 135.0 Eastern Gunwinyguan Gunwinyguan Simple Clauses ngi Ngiyambaa 5 No applicative construction -31.75 145.5 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses niv Nivkh 5 No applicative construction 53.3333333333 142.0 Nivkh Nivkh Simple Clauses nko Nkore-Kiga 1 Instrument -0.916666666667 29.8333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses nug Nunggubuyu 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -13.75 135.666666667 Nunggubuyu Gunwinyguan Simple Clauses nuu Nuuchahnulth 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 49.6666666667 -126.666666667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Simple Clauses oji Ojibwa (Eastern) 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 46.0 -80.0 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses ond Oneida 3 Instrument and locative 43.0 -75.6666666667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Simple Clauses orh Oromo (Harar) 5 No applicative construction 9.0 42.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses otm Otomí (Mezquital) 5 No applicative construction 20.1666666667 -99.1666666667 Otomian Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses pms Paamese 5 No applicative construction -16.5 168.25 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses pai Paiwan 3 Instrument and locative 22.5 120.833333333 Paiwan Austronesian Simple Clauses pan Panjabi 5 No applicative construction 31.0 74.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses psm Passamaquoddy-Maliseet 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 45.0 -67.0 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses pau Paumarí 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -6.0 -64.0 Arauan Arauan Simple Clauses prs Persian 5 No applicative construction 32.0 54.0 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses prh Pirahã 5 No applicative construction -7.0 -62.0 Mura Mura Simple Clauses pmc Pomo (Central) 5 No applicative construction 39.0 -123.333333333 Pomoan Hokan Simple Clauses par Päri 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 5.0 32.5 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses qaf Qafar 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 12.0 42.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses qim Quechua (Imbabura) 5 No applicative construction 0.333333333333 -78.0 Quechuan Quechuan Simple Clauses ram Rama 5 No applicative construction 11.75 -83.75 Rama Chibchan Simple Clauses rap Rapanui 5 No applicative construction -27.1166666667 -109.366666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses rus Russian 5 No applicative construction 56.0 38.0 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses san Sango 5 No applicative construction 5.0 18.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Simple Clauses snm Sanuma 5 No applicative construction 4.5 -64.6666666667 Yanomam Yanomam Simple Clauses snc Seneca 3 Instrument and locative 42.5 -77.5 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Simple Clauses shk Shipibo-Konibo 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -7.5 -75.0 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Simple Clauses sla Slave 5 No applicative construction 67.0 -125.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses spa Spanish 5 No applicative construction 40.0 -4.0 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses sue Suena 5 No applicative construction -7.75 147.55 Binanderean Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses sup Supyire 5 No applicative construction 11.5 -5.58333333333 Senufo Niger-Congo Simple Clauses swa Swahili 2 Locative -6.5 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses tab Taba 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 0.0 127.5 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Simple Clauses tag Tagalog 3 Instrument and locative 15.0 121.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Simple Clauses tap Taiap 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -4.08333333333 144.5 Taiap Taiap Simple Clauses tml Tamil 5 No applicative construction 11.0 78.5 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses tep Tepehua (Tlachichilco) 1 Instrument 20.5833333333 -98.25 Totonacan Totonacan Simple Clauses tha Thai 5 No applicative construction 16.0 101.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses tho Thompson 2 Locative 49.75 -121.75 Interior Salish Salishan Simple Clauses tiw Tiwi 1 Instrument -11.5 131.0 Tiwian Tiwian Simple Clauses tsz Tsez 5 No applicative construction 42.25 45.75 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses tuk Tukang Besi 3 Instrument and locative -5.5 123.5 Celebic Austronesian Simple Clauses tur Turkish 5 No applicative construction 39.0 35.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses tvl Tuvaluan 5 No applicative construction -8.5 179.166666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses ukr Ukrainian 5 No applicative construction 49.0 33.0 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses una Una 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -4.66666666667 140.0 Mek Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses urk Urubú-Kaapor 1 Instrument -2.33333333333 -46.5 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Simple Clauses usa Usan 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -4.83333333333 145.166666667 North Adelbert Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses uzb Uzbek 5 No applicative construction 39.0 66.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses vie Vietnamese 5 No applicative construction 10.5 106.5 Vietic Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses wam Wambaya 2 Locative -18.6666666667 135.75 Wambayan Mirndi Simple Clauses wra Warao 5 No applicative construction 9.33333333333 -61.6666666667 Warao Warao Simple Clauses wrd Wardaman 5 No applicative construction -15.5 131.0 Yangmanic Yangmanic Simple Clauses war Wari' 5 No applicative construction -11.3333333333 -65.0 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Simple Clauses wic Wichita 1 Instrument 33.3333333333 -97.3333333333 Northern Caddoan Caddoan Simple Clauses wch Wichí 5 No applicative construction -22.5 -62.5833333333 Matacoan Matacoan Simple Clauses wlf Wolof 3 Instrument and locative 15.25 -16.0 Wolof Niger-Congo Simple Clauses yag Yagua 3 Instrument and locative -3.5 -72.0 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Simple Clauses yaq Yaqui 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 27.5 -110.25 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses yaz Yazgulyam 5 No applicative construction 38.5 71.5 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses yid Yidiny 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -17.0 145.75 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses yim Yimas 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) -4.66666666667 143.55 Lower Sepik Ramu-Lower Sepik Simple Clauses yor Yoruba 5 No applicative construction 8.0 4.33333333333 Defoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses ypk Yup'ik (Central) 5 No applicative construction 59.5 -160.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Simple Clauses yur Yurok 5 No applicative construction 41.3333333333 -124.0 Yurok Algic Simple Clauses zqc Zoque (Copainalá) 4 No other roles (= Only benefactive) 17.0 -93.25 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Simple Clauses zul Zulu 1 Instrument -30.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses