Jae Jung Song. 2013. Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/111, Accessed on 2026-06-11.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area abi Abipón 2 Morphological but no compound -29.0 -61.0 Abipon Guaicuruan Simple Clauses abk Abkhaz 2 Morphological but no compound 43.0833333333 41.0 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Simple Clauses ace Acehnese 2 Morphological but no compound 5.5 95.5 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Simple Clauses ain Ainu 2 Morphological but no compound 43.0 143.0 Ainu Ainu Simple Clauses aji Ajië 2 Morphological but no compound -21.3333333333 165.5 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses ala Alamblak 4 Both -4.66666666667 143.333333333 Sepik Hill Sepik Simple Clauses aly Alyawarra 2 Morphological but no compound -22.5 135.0 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses ame Amele 2 Morphological but no compound -5.25 145.583333333 Mabuso Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses amh Amharic 2 Morphological but no compound 10.0 38.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses apu Apurinã 2 Morphological but no compound -9.0 -67.0 Purus Arawakan Simple Clauses aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 2 Morphological but no compound 30.0 31.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses ana Araona 2 Morphological but no compound -12.3333333333 -67.75 Tacanan Pano-Tacanan Simple Clauses arm Armenian (Eastern) 2 Morphological but no compound 40.0 45.0 Armenian Indo-European Simple Clauses aro Arosi 2 Morphological but no compound -10.25 161.333333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses asm Asmat 2 Morphological but no compound -5.5 138.5 Asmat-Kamrau Bay Asmat-Kamrau Bay Simple Clauses atc Atchin 2 Morphological but no compound -16.0 167.333333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses awp Awa Pit 2 Morphological but no compound 1.5 -78.25 Barbacoan Barbacoan Simple Clauses awn Awngi 2 Morphological but no compound 10.8333333333 36.6666666667 Central Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses aym Aymara (Central) 2 Morphological but no compound -17.0 -69.0 Aymaran Aymaran Simple Clauses bab Babungo 2 Morphological but no compound 6.11666666667 10.4166666667 Wide Grassfields Niger-Congo Simple Clauses bag Bagirmi 1 Neither 11.6666666667 16.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Simple Clauses baj Bajau (Sama) 2 Morphological but no compound -4.33333333333 123.0 Sama-Bajaw Austronesian Simple Clauses bal Balinese 2 Morphological but no compound -8.33333333333 115.25 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Simple Clauses bam Bambara 2 Morphological but no compound 12.5 -7.5 Western Mande Mande Simple Clauses brs Barasano 2 Morphological but no compound -0.166666666667 -70.6666666667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Simple Clauses bsq Basque 2 Morphological but no compound 43.0 -3.0 Basque Basque Simple Clauses bkr Batak (Karo) 2 Morphological but no compound 3.25 98.25 Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands Austronesian Simple Clauses baw Bawm 4 Both 22.5 92.25 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses bej Beja 2 Morphological but no compound 18.0 36.0 Beja Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 2 Morphological but no compound 33.0 -5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses blx Biloxi 4 Both 30.5 -88.6666666667 Ohio Valley Siouan Siouan Simple Clauses bla Blackfoot 2 Morphological but no compound 50.0 -112.666666667 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses brr Bororo 2 Morphological but no compound -16.0 -57.0 Bororoan Bororoan Simple Clauses brh Brahui 2 Morphological but no compound 28.5 67.0 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses but Buriat 2 Morphological but no compound 52.0 108.0 Mongolic Altaic Simple Clauses brm Burmese 4 Both 21.0 96.0 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses bur Burushaski 2 Morphological but no compound 36.5 74.5 Burushaski Burushaski Simple Clauses cah Cahuilla 2 Morphological but no compound 33.5 -116.25 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses cax Campa (Axininca) 2 Morphological but no compound -12.0 -74.0 Pre-Andine Arawakan Arawakan Simple Clauses car Carib 2 Morphological but no compound 5.5 -56.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses crq Carrier 4 Both 53.75 -123.5 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses ceb Cebuano 2 Morphological but no compound 10.0 124.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Simple Clauses cld Chaldean (Modern) 2 Morphological but no compound 36.0 43.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses cha Chamorro 2 Morphological but no compound 13.45 144.75 Chamorro Austronesian Simple Clauses cle Chinantec (Lealao) 2 Morphological but no compound 17.3333333333 -95.9166666667 Chinantecan Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses cct Choctaw 2 Morphological but no compound 32.25 -88.5 Muskogean Muskogean Simple Clauses chk Chukchi 2 Morphological but no compound 67.0 -173.0 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Simple Clauses chv Chuvash 2 Morphological but no compound 55.5 47.5 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses coa Coahuilteco 2 Morphological but no compound 28.0 -100.0 Coahuiltecan Coahuiltecan Simple Clauses cmn Comanche 2 Morphological but no compound 33.5 -101.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses coo Coos (Hanis) 2 Morphological but no compound 43.5 -124.166666667 Coosan Oregon Coast Simple Clauses cor Cora 2 Morphological but no compound 22.1666666667 -104.833333333 Corachol Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses cre Cree (Plains) 2 Morphological but no compound 54.0 -110.0 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses cui Cuiba 2 Morphological but no compound 6.5 -70.0 Guahiban Guahiban Simple Clauses dgr Dagur 2 Morphological but no compound 48.0 124.0 Mongolic Altaic Simple Clauses die Diegueño (Mesa Grande) 2 Morphological but no compound 32.6666666667 -116.166666667 Yuman Hokan Simple Clauses dio Diola-Fogny 2 Morphological but no compound 13.0 -16.25 Jola Niger-Congo Simple Clauses diy Diyari 2 Morphological but no compound -28.0 139.0 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses djr Djaru 1 Neither -18.75 128.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses doy Doyayo 2 Morphological but no compound 8.66666666667 13.0833333333 Samba-Duru Niger-Congo Simple Clauses dre Drehu 2 Morphological but no compound -21.0 167.25 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses eng English 2 Morphological but no compound 52.0 0.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses epe Epena Pedee 2 Morphological but no compound 3.0 -77.0 Choco Choco Simple Clauses eve Evenki 2 Morphological but no compound 56.0 125.0 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses ewe Ewe 1 Neither 6.33333333333 0.416666666667 Gbe Niger-Congo Simple Clauses fij Fijian 2 Morphological but no compound -17.8333333333 178.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses fin Finnish 2 Morphological but no compound 62.0 25.0 Finnic Uralic Simple Clauses fre French 4 Both 48.0 2.0 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses fut Futuna-Aniwa 2 Morphological but no compound -19.5333333333 170.216666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses gar Garo 2 Morphological but no compound 25.6666666667 90.5 Brahmaputran Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses geo Georgian 2 Morphological but no compound 42.0 44.0 Kartvelian Kartvelian Simple Clauses ger German 2 Morphological but no compound 52.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses goo Gooniyandi 1 Neither -18.3333333333 126.333333333 Bunuban Bunuban Simple Clauses grb Grebo 2 Morphological but no compound 5.0 -8.0 Kru Niger-Congo Simple Clauses grk Greek (Modern) 1 Neither 39.0 22.0 Greek Indo-European Simple Clauses grw Greenlandic (West) 2 Morphological but no compound 64.0 -51.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Simple Clauses gua Guaraní 2 Morphological but no compound -26.0 -56.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Simple Clauses guj Gujarati 2 Morphological but no compound 23.0 72.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses guu Guugu Yimidhirr 2 Morphological but no compound -15.0 144.833333333 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses hai Haida 2 Morphological but no compound 53.0 -132.0 Haida Haida Simple Clauses hau Hausa 2 Morphological but no compound 12.0 7.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses haw Hawaiian 2 Morphological but no compound 19.5833333333 -155.5 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses heb Hebrew (Modern) 2 Morphological but no compound 31.5 34.8333333333 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses hin Hindi 2 Morphological but no compound 25.0 77.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses hix Hixkaryana 2 Morphological but no compound -1.0 -59.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses hmo Hmong Njua 1 Neither 28.0 105.0 Hmongic Hmong-Mien Simple Clauses hmi Huitoto (Minica) 2 Morphological but no compound -0.333333333333 -74.0 Witoto Witotoan Simple Clauses hun Hungarian 2 Morphological but no compound 47.0 20.0 Ugric Uralic Simple Clauses hzb Hunzib 2 Morphological but no compound 42.1666666667 46.25 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses iaa Iaai 2 Morphological but no compound -20.4166666667 166.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses igb Igbo 2 Morphological but no compound 6.0 7.33333333333 Igboid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses ika Ika 2 Morphological but no compound 10.6666666667 -73.75 Arhuacic Chibchan Simple Clauses ila Ila 2 Morphological but no compound -15.5833333333 26.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses ind Indonesian 2 Morphological but no compound 0.0 106.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Simple Clauses ing Ingush 2 Morphological but no compound 43.1666666667 45.0833333333 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses irq Iraqw 2 Morphological but no compound -4.0 35.5 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses iri Irish 1 Neither 53.0 -8.0 Celtic Indo-European Simple Clauses jak Jakaltek 2 Morphological but no compound 15.6666666667 -91.6666666667 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses jpn Japanese 2 Morphological but no compound 37.0 140.0 Japanese Japanese Simple Clauses jaq Jaqaru 2 Morphological but no compound -13.0 -76.0 Aymaran Aymaran Simple Clauses juh Ju|'hoan 3 Compound but no morphological -19.0 21.0 Ju-Kung Kxa Simple Clauses kdz Kadazan 2 Morphological but no compound 5.91666666667 117.166666667 North Borneo Austronesian Simple Clauses kls Kalispel 2 Morphological but no compound 48.0 -117.0 Interior Salish Salishan Simple Clauses kgu Kalkatungu 2 Morphological but no compound -21.0 139.5 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses kmk Kalmyk 2 Morphological but no compound 44.0 83.0 Mongolic Altaic Simple Clauses kam Kambera 2 Morphological but no compound -9.83333333333 120.166666667 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Simple Clauses knd Kannada 2 Morphological but no compound 14.0 76.0 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses knr Kanuri 2 Morphological but no compound 12.0 13.0 Western Saharan Saharan Simple Clauses krk Karok 2 Morphological but no compound 41.6666666667 -123.0 Karok Hokan Simple Clauses kas Kashmiri 2 Morphological but no compound 34.0 76.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses kyl Kayah Li (Eastern) 3 Compound but no morphological 19.0 97.5 Karen Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses kay Kayardild 2 Morphological but no compound -17.05 139.5 Tangkic Tangkic Simple Clauses kem Kemant 2 Morphological but no compound 12.6666666667 37.4166666667 Central Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses ket Ket 2 Morphological but no compound 64.0 87.0 Yeniseian Yeniseian Simple Clauses kew Kewa 2 Morphological but no compound -6.5 143.833333333 Enga_Kewa-Huli Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses kha Khalkha 2 Morphological but no compound 47.0 105.0 Mongolic Altaic Simple Clauses khs Khasi 2 Morphological but no compound 25.5 92.0 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses khm Khmer 2 Morphological but no compound 12.5 105.0 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses kmu Khmu' 4 Both 21.0 102.0 Khmuic Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses klv Kilivila 1 Neither -8.5 151.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses kin Kinyarwanda 2 Morphological but no compound -2.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses kio Kiowa 2 Morphological but no compound 37.0 -99.0 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Simple Clauses krb Kiribati 2 Morphological but no compound 1.33333333333 173.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses kis Kisi 2 Morphological but no compound 8.83333333333 -10.1666666667 Southern Mel Niger-Congo Simple Clauses shp Klikitat 2 Morphological but no compound 46.5 -120.0 Sahaptian Penutian Simple Clauses koa Koasati 4 Both 34.8333333333 -85.1666666667 Muskogean Muskogean Simple Clauses kob Kobon 3 Compound but no morphological -5.16666666667 144.333333333 Kalam-Kobon Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses kol Kolami 2 Morphological but no compound 20.0 78.5 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses kon Kongo 2 Morphological but no compound -5.0 15.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses krn Korana 2 Morphological but no compound -29.5 20.5 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Simple Clauses kor Korean 2 Morphological but no compound 37.5 128.0 Korean Korean Simple Clauses kfe Koromfe 2 Morphological but no compound 14.25 -0.916666666667 Koromfe Niger-Congo Simple Clauses kos Kosraean 2 Morphological but no compound 5.3 163.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses kse Koyraboro Senni 4 Both 16.0 0.0 Songhay Songhay Simple Clauses kro Krongo 1 Neither 10.5 30.0 Kadugli Kadu Simple Clauses knm Kunama 2 Morphological but no compound 14.5 37.0 Kunama Kunama Simple Clauses kut Kutenai 2 Morphological but no compound 49.5 -116.0 Kutenai Kutenai Simple Clauses kwa Kwaio 2 Morphological but no compound -8.95 161.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses lad Ladakhi 2 Morphological but no compound 34.0 78.0 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses lah Lahu 4 Both 20.0 98.1666666667 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses lkt Lakhota 4 Both 43.8333333333 -101.833333333 Mississippi Valley Siouan Siouan Simple Clauses lal Lalo 4 Both 25.0 100.25 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses lmp Lampung 2 Morphological but no compound -5.0 105.0 Lampungic Austronesian Simple Clauses lan Lango 2 Morphological but no compound 2.16666666667 33.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses lat Latvian 2 Morphological but no compound 57.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Simple Clauses lav Lavukaleve 2 Morphological but no compound -9.08333333333 159.2 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Simple Clauses lep Lepcha 2 Morphological but no compound 27.1666666667 88.5 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses let Leti 2 Morphological but no compound -8.2 127.666666667 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Simple Clauses lez Lezgian 2 Morphological but no compound 41.6666666667 47.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses lim Limbu 2 Morphological but no compound 27.1666666667 87.75 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses luv Luvale 2 Morphological but no compound -12.0 22.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses maa Maasai 2 Morphological but no compound -3.0 36.0 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses mab Maba 2 Morphological but no compound 13.75 20.8333333333 Maban Maban Simple Clauses mac Macushi 2 Morphological but no compound 4.0 -60.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses mak Makah 2 Morphological but no compound 48.3333333333 -124.666666667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Simple Clauses mal Malagasy 2 Morphological but no compound -20.0 47.0 Barito Austronesian Simple Clauses mym Malayalam 2 Morphological but no compound 10.0 76.5 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses mnm Manam 2 Morphological but no compound -4.0 145.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses mnd Mandarin 3 Compound but no morphological 34.0 110.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses myi Mangarrayi 4 Both -14.6666666667 133.5 Mangarrayi Mangarrayi-Maran Simple Clauses mwb Manobo (Western Bukidnon) 2 Morphological but no compound 7.66666666667 124.75 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Simple Clauses mns Mansi 2 Morphological but no compound 62.0 62.0 Ugric Uralic Simple Clauses mao Maori 2 Morphological but no compound -40.0 176.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses map Mapudungun 2 Morphological but no compound -38.0 -72.0 Araucanian Araucanian Simple Clauses mhi Marathi 2 Morphological but no compound 19.0 76.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses mny Margany 2 Morphological but no compound -27.0 144.5 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses mar Maricopa 4 Both 33.1666666667 -113.166666667 Yuman Hokan Simple Clauses mrt Martuthunira 2 Morphological but no compound -20.8333333333 116.5 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses mau Maung 2 Morphological but no compound -11.9166666667 133.5 Iwaidjan Iwaidjan Simple Clauses may Maybrat 1 Neither -1.33333333333 132.5 Maybrat Maybrat Simple Clauses mei Meithei 2 Morphological but no compound 24.75 94.0 Manipuri Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses men Menomini 2 Morphological but no compound 45.5 -88.3333333333 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses mss Miwok (Southern Sierra) 2 Morphological but no compound 37.5 -120.0 Miwok Penutian Simple Clauses mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 2 Morphological but no compound 17.05 -97.5833333333 Mixtec Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses mul Mulao 1 Neither 25.0 108.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses mna Muna 2 Morphological but no compound -5.0 122.5 Celebic Austronesian Simple Clauses mun Mundari 4 Both 23.0 84.6666666667 Munda Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses mrl Murle 2 Morphological but no compound 6.5 33.5 South Surmic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses nht Nahuatl (Tetelcingo) 2 Morphological but no compound 19.6666666667 -99.0 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses kho Nama 4 Both -25.5 18.0 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Simple Clauses nav Navajo 1 Neither 36.1666666667 -108.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses ndo Ndonga 2 Morphological but no compound -18.0 17.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses ndy Ndyuka 1 Neither 4.5 -54.5 Creoles and Pidgins other Simple Clauses neh Nehan 2 Morphological but no compound -4.5 154.2 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses ntu Nenets 2 Morphological but no compound 70.0 76.0 Samoyedic Uralic Simple Clauses nez Nez Perce 2 Morphological but no compound 46.0 -116.0 Sahaptian Penutian Simple Clauses ngl Ngalakan 2 Morphological but no compound -14.25 134.0 Eastern Gunwinyguan Gunwinyguan Simple Clauses nti Ngiti 2 Morphological but no compound 1.33333333333 30.25 Lendu Central Sudanic Simple Clauses ngi Ngiyambaa 2 Morphological but no compound -31.75 145.5 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses nca Nicobarese (Car) 2 Morphological but no compound 9.0 93.0 Nicobarese Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses niu Niuean 2 Morphological but no compound -19.05 -170.116666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses niv Nivkh 2 Morphological but no compound 53.3333333333 142.0 Nivkh Nivkh Simple Clauses nko Nkore-Kiga 2 Morphological but no compound -0.916666666667 29.8333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses nbd Nubian (Dongolese) 2 Morphological but no compound 18.25 30.75 Nubian Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses nug Nunggubuyu 2 Morphological but no compound -13.75 135.666666667 Nunggubuyu Gunwinyguan Simple Clauses nym Nyamwezi 2 Morphological but no compound -5.0 33.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses oji Ojibwa (Eastern) 2 Morphological but no compound 46.0 -80.0 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses ond Oneida 2 Morphological but no compound 43.0 -75.6666666667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Simple Clauses orh Oromo (Harar) 2 Morphological but no compound 9.0 42.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses orw Oromo (Waata) 2 Morphological but no compound -3.33333333333 39.8333333333 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses otm Otomí (Mezquital) 1 Neither 20.1666666667 -99.1666666667 Otomian Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses pkn Paakantyi 2 Morphological but no compound -32.5 142.5 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses pms Paamese 1 Neither -16.5 168.25 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses pai Paiwan 2 Morphological but no compound 22.5 120.833333333 Paiwan Austronesian Simple Clauses pal Palauan 2 Morphological but no compound 7.5 134.583333333 Palauan Austronesian Simple Clauses pan Panjabi 2 Morphological but no compound 31.0 74.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses pny Panyjima 2 Morphological but no compound -22.8333333333 118.416666667 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses psh Pashto 2 Morphological but no compound 33.0 67.0 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses psm Passamaquoddy-Maliseet 2 Morphological but no compound 45.0 -67.0 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses pau Paumarí 2 Morphological but no compound -6.0 -64.0 Arauan Arauan Simple Clauses pwn Pawnee 2 Morphological but no compound 41.0 -98.6666666667 Northern Caddoan Caddoan Simple Clauses prs Persian 2 Morphological but no compound 32.0 54.0 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses pip Pipil 2 Morphological but no compound 13.8333333333 -89.5833333333 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses prh Pirahã 2 Morphological but no compound -7.0 -62.0 Mura Mura Simple Clauses pit Pitjantjatjara 4 Both -26.0 130.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses ppi Pitta Pitta 2 Morphological but no compound -22.8333333333 140.0 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses pso Pomo (Southeastern) 2 Morphological but no compound 39.0 -122.5 Pomoan Hokan Simple Clauses pul Puluwat 2 Morphological but no compound 7.33333333333 149.333333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses qim Quechua (Imbabura) 2 Morphological but no compound 0.333333333333 -78.0 Quechuan Quechuan Simple Clauses ram Rama 4 Both 11.75 -83.75 Rama Chibchan Simple Clauses rap Rapanui 2 Morphological but no compound -27.1166666667 -109.366666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses rej Rejang 1 Neither -3.41666666667 102.5 Rejang Austronesian Simple Clauses ret Retuarã 2 Morphological but no compound -0.5 -70.6666666667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Simple Clauses rot Rotuman 2 Morphological but no compound -12.5 177.066666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses ruk Rukai (Tanan) 2 Morphological but no compound 22.8333333333 120.833333333 Rukai Austronesian Simple Clauses rus Russian 2 Morphological but no compound 56.0 38.0 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses sam Samoan 2 Morphological but no compound -13.9166666667 -171.833333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses snm Sanuma 2 Morphological but no compound 4.5 -64.6666666667 Yanomam Yanomam Simple Clauses src Sarcee 1 Neither 52.5 -116.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses saw Sawu 2 Morphological but no compound -11.5 121.916666667 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Simple Clauses sel Selknam 2 Morphological but no compound -53.0 -70.0 Chonan Proper Chonan Simple Clauses sml Semelai 2 Morphological but no compound 3.0 103.0 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses shk Shipibo-Konibo 4 Both -7.5 -75.0 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Simple Clauses shn Shona 2 Morphological but no compound -18.0 31.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses shu Shuswap 2 Morphological but no compound 52.0 -120.0 Interior Salish Salishan Simple Clauses snh Sinhala 2 Morphological but no compound 7.0 80.5 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses srn Sirionó 2 Morphological but no compound -15.5833333333 -64.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Simple Clauses sla Slave 2 Morphological but no compound 67.0 -125.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses son Sonsorol-Tobi 2 Morphological but no compound 5.33333333333 132.25 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses sor Sora 2 Morphological but no compound 20.0 84.3333333333 Munda Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses spa Spanish 4 Both 40.0 -4.0 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses squ Squamish 2 Morphological but no compound 49.6666666667 -123.166666667 Central Salish Salishan Simple Clauses sun Sundanese 2 Morphological but no compound -7.0 107.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Simple Clauses sup Supyire 2 Morphological but no compound 11.5 -5.58333333333 Senufo Niger-Congo Simple Clauses swa Swahili 2 Morphological but no compound -6.5 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses swt Swati 2 Morphological but no compound -26.5 31.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses tab Taba 2 Morphological but no compound 0.0 127.5 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Simple Clauses tag Tagalog 2 Morphological but no compound 15.0 121.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Simple Clauses tah Tahitian 2 Morphological but no compound -17.6666666667 -149.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses tml Tamil 2 Morphological but no compound 11.0 78.5 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses tas Tashlhiyt 2 Morphological but no compound 31.0 -5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses tel Telugu 2 Morphological but no compound 16.0 79.0 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses tmr Temiar 2 Morphological but no compound 5.0 101.5 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses tha Thai 1 Neither 16.0 101.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses tib Tibetan (Standard Spoken) 1 Neither 30.0 91.0 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses tgk Tigak 4 Both -2.71666666667 150.8 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses tim Timugon 2 Morphological but no compound 5.0 116.0 North Borneo Austronesian Simple Clauses tiw Tiwi 2 Morphological but no compound -11.5 131.0 Tiwian Tiwian Simple Clauses tli Tlingit 2 Morphological but no compound 59.0 -135.0 Tlingit Na-Dene Simple Clauses tno Tondano 2 Morphological but no compound 1.25 125.0 Minahasan Austronesian Simple Clauses tng Tongan 2 Morphological but no compound -21.1666666667 -175.166666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses ton Tonkawa 2 Morphological but no compound 30.25 -96.75 Tonkawa Tonkawa Simple Clauses tru Trumai 3 Compound but no morphological -11.9166666667 -53.5833333333 Trumai Trumai Simple Clauses tsi Tsimshian (Coast) 2 Morphological but no compound 52.5 -129.0 Tsimshianic Tsimshianic Simple Clauses tsw Tswana 2 Morphological but no compound -24.0 26.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses tuk Tukang Besi 2 Morphological but no compound -5.5 123.5 Celebic Austronesian Simple Clauses tun Tunica 4 Both 32.6666666667 -91.0 Tunica Tunica Simple Clauses tna Turkana 2 Morphological but no compound 3.0 35.5 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses tur Turkish 2 Morphological but no compound 39.0 35.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses tus Tuscarora 2 Morphological but no compound 36.0 -77.5 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Simple Clauses tvl Tuvaluan 2 Morphological but no compound -8.5 179.166666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses tzo Tzotzil 2 Morphological but no compound 16.5 -92.6666666667 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses tsh Tümpisa Shoshone 4 Both 37.0 -117.0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses uli Ulithian 2 Morphological but no compound 9.91666666667 139.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses una Una 2 Morphological but no compound -4.66666666667 140.0 Mek Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses ung Ungarinjin 1 Neither -16.3333333333 126.0 Worrorran Worrorran Simple Clauses uhi Uradhi 2 Morphological but no compound -11.9166666667 142.416666667 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses urk Urubú-Kaapor 2 Morphological but no compound -2.33333333333 -46.5 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Simple Clauses usa Usan 2 Morphological but no compound -4.83333333333 145.166666667 North Adelbert Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses ute Ute 2 Morphological but no compound 39.0 -109.0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses uzb Uzbek 2 Morphological but no compound 39.0 66.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses vai Vai 1 Neither 6.91666666667 -11.25 Western Mande Mande Simple Clauses vie Vietnamese 3 Compound but no morphological 10.5 106.5 Vietic Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses wam Wambaya 2 Morphological but no compound -18.6666666667 135.75 Wambayan Mirndi Simple Clauses wra Warao 2 Morphological but no compound 9.33333333333 -61.6666666667 Warao Warao Simple Clauses wrd Wardaman 3 Compound but no morphological -15.5 131.0 Yangmanic Yangmanic Simple Clauses war Wari' 3 Compound but no morphological -11.3333333333 -65.0 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Simple Clauses wrl Warlpiri 2 Morphological but no compound -20.0 132.333333333 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses wat Watjarri 2 Morphological but no compound -26.0 117.5 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses wma West Makian 2 Morphological but no compound 0.5 127.583333333 North Halmaheran North Halmaheran Simple Clauses wic Wichita 2 Morphological but no compound 33.3333333333 -97.3333333333 Northern Caddoan Caddoan Simple Clauses wch Wichí 2 Morphological but no compound -22.5 -62.5833333333 Matacoan Matacoan Simple Clauses wol Woleaian 2 Morphological but no compound 7.33333333333 143.833333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses yag Yagua 2 Morphological but no compound -3.5 -72.0 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Simple Clauses ykt Yakut 2 Morphological but no compound 62.0 130.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses ynk Yankuntjatjara 2 Morphological but no compound -27.0 132.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses yap Yapese 2 Morphological but no compound 9.58333333333 138.166666667 Yapese Austronesian Simple Clauses yaq Yaqui 2 Morphological but no compound 27.5 -110.25 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses yay Yay 1 Neither 22.4166666667 104.75 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses yel Yelî Dnye 2 Morphological but no compound -11.3666666667 154.166666667 Yele Yele Simple Clauses yid Yidiny 2 Morphological but no compound -17.0 145.75 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses yim Yimas 4 Both -4.66666666667 143.55 Lower Sepik Ramu-Lower Sepik Simple Clauses yor Yoruba 1 Neither 8.0 4.33333333333 Defoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses yuc Yuchi 3 Compound but no morphological 35.75 -86.75 Yuchi Yuchi Simple Clauses yko Yukaghir (Kolyma) 2 Morphological but no compound 65.75 150.833333333 Yukaghir Yukaghir Simple Clauses ypk Yup'ik (Central) 2 Morphological but no compound 59.5 -160.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Simple Clauses yus Yupik (Siberian) 2 Morphological but no compound 65.0 -173.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Simple Clauses yuw Yuwaalaraay 2 Morphological but no compound -29.5 148.0 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses zul Zulu 2 Morphological but no compound -30.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses zun Zuni 2 Morphological but no compound 35.0833333333 -108.833333333 Zuni Zuni Simple Clauses