Leon Stassen. 2013. Comparative Constructions. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/121, Accessed on 2026-06-11.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area abi Abipón 3 Conjoined -29.0 -61.0 Abipon Guaicuruan Simple Clauses alb Albanian 4 Particle 41.0 20.0 Albanian Indo-European Simple Clauses ale Aleut 1 Locational 54.0 -166.0 Aleut Eskimo-Aleut Simple Clauses ame Amele 2 Exceed -5.25 145.583333333 Mabuso Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses amh Amharic 1 Locational 10.0 38.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses adk Andoke 1 Locational -0.666666666667 -72.0 Andoke Andoke Simple Clauses apl Apalaí 3 Conjoined 0.0 -54.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses arg Arabic (Gulf) 1 Locational 26.0 49.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses ams Arabic (Modern Standard) 1 Locational 25.0 42.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses amr Arabic (Moroccan) 1 Locational 34.0 -6.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses arp Arapesh (Mountain) 3 Conjoined -3.46666666667 143.166666667 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Simple Clauses amp Arrernte (Mparntwe) 1 Locational -24.0 136.0 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses aym Aymara (Central) 1 Locational -17.0 -69.0 Aymaran Aymaran Simple Clauses bgi Bagri 1 Locational 29.5833333333 74.3333333333 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses bar Bari 2 Exceed 5.0 31.6666666667 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses bae Baré 1 Locational 1.0 -67.0 Japura-Colombia Arawakan Simple Clauses bsq Basque 4 Particle 43.0 -3.0 Basque Basque Simple Clauses bto Batak (Toba) 4 Particle 2.5 99.0 Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands Austronesian Simple Clauses bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 1 Locational 33.0 -5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses bln Bilin 1 Locational 15.75 38.5 Central Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses biu Bisu 3 Conjoined 19.75 100.0 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses bre Breton 1 Locational 48.0 -3.0 Celtic Indo-European Simple Clauses brm Burmese 1 Locational 21.0 96.0 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses bur Burushaski 1 Locational 36.5 74.5 Burushaski Burushaski Simple Clauses car Carib 1 Locational 5.5 -56.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses ceb Cebuano 1 Locational 10.0 124.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Simple Clauses cic Chichewa 2 Exceed -14.0 34.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses chk Chukchi 1 Locational 67.0 -173.0 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Simple Clauses coe Coeur d'Alene 1 Locational 47.25 -116.5 Interior Salish Salishan Simple Clauses cmn Comanche 4 Particle 33.5 -101.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses dga Dagaare 2 Exceed 10.5 -2.66666666667 Oti-Volta Niger-Congo Simple Clauses dgb Dagbani 2 Exceed 9.58333333333 -0.5 Oti-Volta Niger-Congo Simple Clauses dua Duala 2 Exceed 4.0 9.41666666667 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses dut Dutch 4 Particle 52.5 6.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses eka Ekari 3 Conjoined -3.83333333333 135.5 Paniai Lakes Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses eng English 4 Particle 52.0 0.0 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses evn Even 1 Locational 68.0 130.0 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses eve Evenki 1 Locational 56.0 125.0 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses fin Finnish 4 Particle 62.0 25.0 Finnic Uralic Simple Clauses fre French 4 Particle 48.0 2.0 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses fus Fula (Senegal) 2 Exceed 15.0 -14.0 Peul-Serer Niger-Congo Simple Clauses gae Gaelic (Scots) 4 Particle 57.0 -4.0 Celtic Indo-European Simple Clauses gbb Gbeya Bossangoa 2 Exceed 6.66666666667 17.5 Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka Niger-Congo Simple Clauses geo Georgian 1 Locational 42.0 44.0 Kartvelian Kartvelian Simple Clauses goa Goajiro 4 Particle 12.0 -72.0 Guajiro-Paraujano Arawakan Simple Clauses grk Greek (Modern) 4 Particle 39.0 22.0 Greek Indo-European Simple Clauses grw Greenlandic (West) 1 Locational 64.0 -51.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Simple Clauses gua Guaraní 1 Locational -26.0 -56.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Simple Clauses gum Gumbaynggir 3 Conjoined -30.1666666667 152.5 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses hau Hausa 2 Exceed 12.0 7.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses heb Hebrew (Modern) 1 Locational 31.5 34.8333333333 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses hin Hindi 1 Locational 25.0 77.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses hix Hixkaryana 3 Conjoined -1.0 -59.0 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses hun Hungarian 4 Particle 47.0 20.0 Ugric Uralic Simple Clauses hzb Hunzib 1 Locational 42.1666666667 46.25 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses igb Igbo 2 Exceed 6.0 7.33333333333 Igboid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses ilo Ilocano 4 Particle 16.0 121.0 Northern Luzon Austronesian Simple Clauses iri Irish 4 Particle 53.0 -8.0 Celtic Indo-European Simple Clauses jab Jabêm 3 Conjoined -6.58333333333 147.783333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses jak Jakaltek 1 Locational 15.6666666667 -91.6666666667 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses jpn Japanese 1 Locational 37.0 140.0 Japanese Japanese Simple Clauses jav Javanese 4 Particle -7.0 111.0 Javanese Austronesian Simple Clauses kbl Kabyle 1 Locational 36.5 5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses kms Kamass 1 Locational 52.0 92.0 Samoyedic Uralic Simple Clauses kan Kana 2 Exceed 4.75 7.41666666667 Ogonoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses knr Kanuri 1 Locational 12.0 13.0 Western Saharan Saharan Simple Clauses kas Kashmiri 1 Locational 34.0 76.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses kyp Kayapó 3 Conjoined -9.0 -52.0 Je Setentrional Macro-Ge Simple Clauses kem Kemant 1 Locational 12.6666666667 37.4166666667 Central Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses khk Khakas 1 Locational 53.0 90.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses kha Khalkha 1 Locational 47.0 105.0 Mongolic Altaic Simple Clauses khm Khmer 2 Exceed 12.5 105.0 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses klw Kiliwa 3 Conjoined 31.3333333333 -115.666666667 Yuman Hokan Simple Clauses kob Kobon 3 Conjoined -5.16666666667 144.333333333 Kalam-Kobon Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses koi Koiari 3 Conjoined -9.5 147.333333333 Koiarian Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses kor Korean 1 Locational 37.5 128.0 Korean Korean Simple Clauses kfe Koromfe 2 Exceed 14.25 -0.916666666667 Koromfe Niger-Congo Simple Clauses kro Krongo 1 Locational 10.5 30.0 Kadugli Kadu Simple Clauses kug Kunming 2 Exceed 25.0 102.75 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses lkt Lakhota 3 Conjoined 43.8333333333 -101.833333333 Mississippi Valley Siouan Siouan Simple Clauses lat Latvian 4 Particle 57.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Simple Clauses laz Laz 1 Locational 41.5 41.5 Kartvelian Kartvelian Simple Clauses lez Lezgian 1 Locational 41.6666666667 47.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses lim Limbu 1 Locational 27.1666666667 87.75 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses lnd Linda 2 Exceed 6.5 20.75 Ubangi Niger-Congo Simple Clauses lin Lingala 2 Exceed 2.0 18.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses maa Maasai 1 Locational -3.0 36.0 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses mal Malagasy 4 Particle -20.0 47.0 Barito Austronesian Simple Clauses mlt Maltese 1 Locational 35.9166666667 14.4166666667 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses mnc Manchu 1 Locational 49.5 127.5 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses mnd Mandarin 2 Exceed 34.0 110.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses myi Mangarrayi 3 Conjoined -14.6666666667 133.5 Mangarrayi Mangarrayi-Maran Simple Clauses maw Maninka (Western) 1 Locational 13.0 -11.0 Western Mande Mande Simple Clauses mao Maori 3 Conjoined -40.0 176.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses map Mapudungun 1 Locational -38.0 -72.0 Araucanian Araucanian Simple Clauses mhi Marathi 1 Locational 19.0 76.0 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses mrg Margi 2 Exceed 11.0 13.0 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses mby Mbay 2 Exceed 8.25 17.5 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Simple Clauses men Menomini 3 Conjoined 45.5 -88.3333333333 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses mis Miskito 3 Conjoined 14.0 -83.6666666667 Misumalpan Misumalpan Simple Clauses mss Miwok (Southern Sierra) 1 Locational 37.5 -120.0 Miwok Penutian Simple Clauses mxa Mixtec (Atatlahuca) 3 Conjoined 17.0 -97.75 Mixtec Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses mbo Monumbo 3 Conjoined -4.25 145.0 Bogia Bogia Simple Clauses mtu Motu 3 Conjoined -9.33333333333 147.0 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses mna Muna 3 Conjoined -5.0 122.5 Celebic Austronesian Simple Clauses mun Mundari 1 Locational 23.0 84.6666666667 Munda Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses ngt Naga (Tangkhul) 1 Locational 25.0 94.5 Tangkhul-Maring Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses kho Nama 1 Locational -25.5 18.0 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Simple Clauses nan Nandi 2 Exceed 0.25 35.0 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses nav Navajo 1 Locational 36.1666666667 -108.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses ntu Nenets 1 Locational 70.0 76.0 Samoyedic Uralic Simple Clauses ngu Nguna 2 Exceed -16.9166666667 168.5 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses nue Nuer 1 Locational 8.33333333333 32.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Simple Clauses nug Nunggubuyu 3 Conjoined -13.75 135.666666667 Nunggubuyu Gunwinyguan Simple Clauses ood O'odham 4 Particle 32.0 -112.0 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses obg Ogbronuagum 2 Exceed 4.75 6.86666666667 Central Delta Niger-Congo Simple Clauses pal Palauan 1 Locational 7.5 134.583333333 Palauan Austronesian Simple Clauses ptp Patpatar 3 Conjoined -3.76666666667 152.5 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses pau Paumarí 3 Conjoined -6.0 -64.0 Arauan Arauan Simple Clauses prh Pirahã 3 Conjoined -7.0 -62.0 Mura Mura Simple Clauses pir Piro 1 Locational -11.0 -73.5 Purus Arawakan Simple Clauses pur Purépecha 1 Locational 19.5 -101.666666667 Tarascan Tarascan Simple Clauses qcu Quechua (Cuzco) 1 Locational -14.5 -71.0 Quechuan Quechuan Simple Clauses qim Quechua (Imbabura) 1 Locational 0.333333333333 -78.0 Quechuan Quechuan Simple Clauses rap Rapanui 1 Locational -27.1166666667 -109.366666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses rem Remo 1 Locational 18.0 82.0 Munda Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses rnd Rundi 2 Exceed -3.5 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses rus Russian 4 Particle 56.0 38.0 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses sal Salinan 1 Locational 36.0 -121.0 Salinan Hokan Simple Clauses sam Samoan 3 Conjoined -13.9166666667 -171.833333333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses stl Santali 1 Locational 24.5 87.0 Munda Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses sap Sapuan 2 Exceed 15.1666666667 106.833333333 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses shk Shipibo-Konibo 3 Conjoined -7.5 -75.0 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Simple Clauses shn Shona 2 Exceed -18.0 31.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses sik Sika 3 Conjoined -8.7 122.25 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Simple Clauses siu Siuslaw 1 Locational 44.0 -124.0 Siuslawan Oregon Coast Simple Clauses stn Sotho (Northern) 2 Exceed -24.0 29.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses spa Spanish 4 Particle 40.0 -4.0 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses sra Sranan 4 Particle 5.83333333333 -55.3333333333 Creoles and Pidgins other Simple Clauses swa Swahili 2 Exceed -6.5 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses taj Tajik 1 Locational 38.6666666667 70.0 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses taz Talysh (Azerbaijan) 1 Locational 38.75 48.6666666667 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses tml Tamil 1 Locational 11.0 78.5 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses tel Telugu 1 Locational 16.0 79.0 Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses tha Thai 2 Exceed 16.0 101.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses tug Tuareg (Ahaggar) 1 Locational 23.0 6.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses tbu Tubu 1 Locational 16.0 15.0 Western Saharan Saharan Simple Clauses tup Tupi 1 Locational -6.0 -36.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Simple Clauses tur Turkish 1 Locational 39.0 35.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses tvl Tuvaluan 1 Locational -8.5 179.166666667 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses tuv Tuvan 1 Locational 52.0 95.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses tsh Tümpisa Shoshone 4 Particle 37.0 -117.0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses uby Ubykh 1 Locational 43.6666666667 39.6666666667 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Simple Clauses udm Udmurt 1 Locational 57.5 52.5 Permic Uralic Simple Clauses urk Urubú-Kaapor 3 Conjoined -2.33333333333 -46.5 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Simple Clauses uzb Uzbek 1 Locational 39.0 66.0 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses vie Vietnamese 2 Exceed 10.5 106.5 Vietic Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses wrk Warekena 3 Conjoined 1.5 -67.5 Alto-Orinoco Arawakan Simple Clauses war Wari' 3 Conjoined -11.3333333333 -65.0 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Simple Clauses wlf Wolof 2 Exceed 15.25 -16.0 Wolof Niger-Congo Simple Clauses yag Yagua 3 Conjoined -3.5 -72.0 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Simple Clauses yah Yahgan 2 Exceed -55.0 -68.0 Yámana Yámana Simple Clauses yap Yapese 1 Locational 9.58333333333 138.166666667 Yapese Austronesian Simple Clauses yav Yavapai 3 Conjoined 34.0 -113.333333333 Yuman Hokan Simple Clauses yin Yindjibarndi 3 Conjoined -21.75 117.916666667 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Simple Clauses yor Yoruba 2 Exceed 8.0 4.33333333333 Defoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses zul Zulu 2 Exceed -30.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Simple Clauses