Matthew S. Dryer. 2013. Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/144, Accessed on 2026-06-12.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area xam /Xam 11 Other NegV -31.0 21.0 Tu Tu Word Order huc =|Hoan 2 SNegVO -25.5 25.0 =|Hoan Kxa Word Order abi Abipón 11 Other NegV -29.0 -61.0 Abipon Guaicuruan Word Order abu Abun 14 ObligNeg -0.5 132.5 Abun Abun Word Order acg Achagua 2 SNegVO 4.41666666667 -72.25 Japura-Colombia Arawakan Word Order acl Acholi 13 More than one construction 3.0 32.6666666667 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Word Order acm Achumawi 11 Other NegV 41.5 -121.0 Achumawi Hokan Word Order adi Adioukrou 6 S[V-Neg]O 5.41666666667 -4.58333333333 Agneby Niger-Congo Word Order adz Adzera 15 OptNeg -6.25 146.25 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order agh Aghem 13 More than one construction 6.66666666667 10.0 Wide Grassfields Niger-Congo Word Order aja Aja 4 SVONeg 7.33333333333 25.6666666667 Kresh Central Sudanic Word Order ajg Ajagbe 13 More than one construction 7.0 1.75 Gbe Niger-Congo Word Order akn Akan 5 S[Neg-V]O 6.5 -1.25 Tano Niger-Congo Word Order alb Albanian 2 SNegVO 41.0 20.0 Albanian Indo-European Word Order aln Alune 4 SVONeg -3.0 128.333333333 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Word Order aml Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast) 14 ObligNeg -15.4166666667 167.883333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order amq Ambai 4 SVONeg -1.83333333333 136.5 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Word Order anc Angas 4 SVONeg 9.5 9.5 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order anu Anufo 3 SVNegO 10.0833333333 0.25 Tano Niger-Congo Word Order ane Anêm 4 SVONeg -5.58333333333 149.083333333 Anêm Anêm Word Order apu Apurinã 13 More than one construction -9.0 -67.0 Purus Arawakan Word Order aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 15 OptNeg 30.0 31.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Word Order arg Arabic (Gulf) 2 SNegVO 26.0 49.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Word Order arq Arabic (Iraqi) 5 S[Neg-V]O 33.0 44.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Word Order arj Arabic (Kuwaiti) 2 SNegVO 29.5 47.5 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Word Order asy Arabic (Syrian) 13 More than one construction 34.0 38.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Word Order aab Arapesh (Abu) 4 SVONeg -3.45 142.95 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Word Order arp Arapesh (Mountain) 15 OptNeg -3.46666666667 143.166666667 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Word Order arm Armenian (Eastern) 13 More than one construction 40.0 45.0 Armenian Indo-European Word Order alk Arop-Lokep 4 SVONeg -5.38333333333 147.05 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order aro Arosi 2 SNegVO -10.25 161.333333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order au Au 13 More than one construction -3.58333333333 142.083333333 Central Wapei Torricelli Word Order bbl Babole 5 S[Neg-V]O 1.08333333333 17.25 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order bab Babungo 14 ObligNeg 6.11666666667 10.4166666667 Wide Grassfields Niger-Congo Word Order bag Bagirmi 4 SVONeg 11.6666666667 16.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Word Order bgr Bagiro 4 SVONeg 4.33333333333 20.5833333333 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Word Order bai Bai 2 SNegVO 26.0 100.0 Macro-Bai Sino-Tibetan Word Order bwc Bajau (West Coast) 13 More than one construction 6.33333333333 116.333333333 Sama-Bajaw Austronesian Word Order bak Baka (in Cameroon) 4 SVONeg 2.58333333333 13.5833333333 Ubangi Niger-Congo Word Order bka Baka (in South Sudan) 4 SVONeg 4.83333333333 29.25 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Word Order bku Bakueri 5 S[Neg-V]O 4.25 9.25 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order blz Balanta 5 S[Neg-V]O 12.25 -15.3333333333 Balanta Niger-Congo Word Order bvi Bali-Vitu 2 SNegVO -4.9 149.116666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order bnn Banoni 2 SNegVO -6.41666666667 155.25 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order ble Baoulé 14 ObligNeg 7.0 -5.0 Tano Niger-Congo Word Order bar Bari 2 SNegVO 5.0 31.6666666667 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Word Order bae Baré 2 SNegVO 1.0 -67.0 Japura-Colombia Arawakan Word Order bas Basaá 12 Other VNeg 3.91666666667 10.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order bkr Batak (Karo) 13 More than one construction 3.25 98.25 Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands Austronesian Word Order bch Berber (Chaouia) 13 More than one construction 35.0 7.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Word Order brf Berber (Rif) 2 SNegVO 34.5 -4.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Word Order ber Berta 5 S[Neg-V]O 10.3333333333 34.6666666667 Berta Berta Word Order bik Biak 4 SVONeg -1.0 136.0 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Word Order bid Bidiya 14 ObligNeg 11.9166666667 18.75 East Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order bia Bila 5 S[Neg-V]O 1.0 28.75 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order bmb Bimoba 15 OptNeg 10.5 0.0 Oti-Volta Niger-Congo Word Order bni Bini 2 SNegVO 6.41666666667 5.83333333333 Edoid Niger-Congo Word Order bii Biri 13 More than one construction -20.5 146.5 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Word Order bir Birom 4 SVONeg 9.66666666667 8.83333333333 Benue-Congo Plateau Niger-Congo Word Order bob Bobangi 14 ObligNeg -1.33333333333 17.3333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order bol Bolia 15 OptNeg -1.25 18.3333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order bgo Bongo 15 OptNeg 7.5 28.5 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Word Order btk Bontok 13 More than one construction 17.0833333333 120.916666667 Northern Luzon Austronesian Word Order bra Brao 2 SNegVO 14.1666666667 107.5 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Word Order bre Breton 14 ObligNeg 48.0 -3.0 Celtic Indo-European Word Order bud Buduma 4 SVONeg 13.5 14.5 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Word Order bug Bugis 11 Other NegV -4.0 120.0 South Sulawesi Austronesian Word Order bul Bulgarian 2 SNegVO 42.5 25.0 Slavic Indo-European Word Order buy Buli (in Ghana) 14 ObligNeg 10.5 -1.25 Oti-Volta Niger-Congo Word Order bum Buma 4 SVONeg -11.6333333333 166.833333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order pnu Bunu (Younuo) 11 Other NegV 24.0 107.0 Hmongic Hmong-Mien Word Order brn Burunge 6 S[V-Neg]O -5.33333333333 36.0 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Word Order bsh Bushoong 5 S[Neg-V]O -4.5 21.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order cnt Cantonese 2 SNegVO 23.0 113.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Word Order ctl Catalan 15 OptNeg 41.75 2.0 Romance Indo-European Word Order cga Chaga 5 S[Neg-V]O -3.0 37.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order cai Chai 13 More than one construction 5.33333333333 35.3333333333 South Surmic Eastern Sudanic Word Order chw Cham (Western) 4 SVONeg 12.0 105.5 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Word Order cic Chichewa 5 S[Neg-V]O -14.0 34.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order cmy Chontal Maya 2 SNegVO 18.1666666667 -92.5833333333 Mayan Mayan Word Order chr Chrau 15 OptNeg 10.75 107.5 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Word Order coc Cocama 1 NegSVO -5.0 -74.5 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Word Order cop Coptic 15 OptNeg 26.0 32.0 Egyptian-Coptic Afro-Asiatic Word Order cze Czech 5 S[Neg-V]O 50.0 15.0 Slavic Indo-European Word Order dga Dagaare 2 SNegVO 10.5 -2.66666666667 Oti-Volta Niger-Congo Word Order dgb Dagbani 2 SNegVO 9.58333333333 -0.5 Oti-Volta Niger-Congo Word Order dsh Danish 13 More than one construction 56.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Word Order deg Degema 14 ObligNeg 4.75 6.75 Edoid Niger-Congo Word Order dio Diola-Fogny 6 S[V-Neg]O 13.0 -16.25 Jola Niger-Congo Word Order dgo Dongo 9 SVO/SOV but SVONeg 3.0 30.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Word Order doy Doyayo 14 ObligNeg 8.66666666667 13.0833333333 Samba-Duru Niger-Congo Word Order dre Drehu 13 More than one construction -21.0 167.25 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order dua Duala 2 SNegVO 4.0 9.41666666667 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order duk Duka 4 SVONeg 11.1666666667 5.08333333333 Central Kainji Niger-Congo Word Order dma Duma 15 OptNeg -0.95 13.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order dut Dutch 13 More than one construction 52.5 6.0 Germanic Indo-European Word Order ebi Ebira 2 SNegVO 8.16666666667 7.0 Nupoid Niger-Congo Word Order erk Efate (South) 14 ObligNeg -17.75 168.416666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order ega Ega 4 SVONeg 5.5 -5.5 Ega Niger-Congo Word Order eko Ekoti 14 ObligNeg -16.5 39.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order egn Engenni 7 SVO&Tone 5.16666666667 6.38333333333 Edoid Niger-Congo Word Order eno Enggano 11 Other NegV -5.41666666667 102.25 Enggano Austronesian Word Order eng English 2 SNegVO 52.0 0.0 Germanic Indo-European Word Order err Erromangan 5 S[Neg-V]O -18.8333333333 169.166666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order est Estonian 2 SNegVO 59.0 26.0 Finnic Uralic Word Order ewe Ewe 14 ObligNeg 6.33333333333 0.416666666667 Gbe Niger-Congo Word Order ewo Ewondo 15 OptNeg 4.0 12.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order fin Finnish 2 SNegVO 62.0 25.0 Finnic Uralic Word Order fon Fongbe 2 SNegVO 6.41666666667 2.16666666667 Gbe Niger-Congo Word Order fre French 15 OptNeg 48.0 2.0 Romance Indo-European Word Order fua Fulfulde (Adamawa) 6 S[V-Neg]O 9.16666666667 13.5 Peul-Serer Niger-Congo Word Order fut Futuna-Aniwa 2 SNegVO -19.5333333333 170.216666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order fye Fyem 15 OptNeg 9.58333333333 9.33333333333 Benue-Congo Plateau Niger-Congo Word Order gbs Gbaya (Southwest) 4 SVONeg 4.7 14.96 Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka Niger-Congo Word Order gbb Gbeya Bossangoa 15 OptNeg 6.66666666667 17.5 Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka Niger-Congo Word Order gla Gelao 4 SVONeg 22.9166666667 105.5 Kadai Tai-Kadai Word Order ger German 13 More than one construction 52.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Word Order goe Goemai 4 SVONeg 8.66666666667 9.75 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order gok Gokana 2 SNegVO 4.58333333333 7.33333333333 Ogonoid Niger-Congo Word Order grk Greek (Modern) 13 More than one construction 39.0 22.0 Greek Indo-European Word Order gua Guaraní 14 ObligNeg -26.0 -56.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Word Order gud Gude 8 VSO but NegSVO 10.4166666667 13.4166666667 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Word Order gul Gula (in Central African Republic) 4 SVONeg 9.5 22.5 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Word Order gmz Gumuz 12 Other VNeg 12.5 35.8333333333 Gumuz Gumuz Word Order gnb Gunbalang 14 ObligNeg -12.0 134.0 Marne Gunwinyguan Word Order gwa Gwari 14 ObligNeg 9.5 7.0 Nupoid Niger-Congo Word Order gwo Gworok 4 SVONeg 9.91666666667 8.16666666667 Benue-Congo Plateau Niger-Congo Word Order ga Gã 6 S[V-Neg]O 5.66666666667 -0.166666666667 Ga-Dangme Niger-Congo Word Order gku Gününa Küne 13 More than one construction -41.0 -67.0 Puelche Chonan Word Order hak Hakka 2 SNegVO 25.0 116.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Word Order hal Halia 14 ObligNeg -5.25 154.666666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order hat Hatam 4 SVONeg -1.0 134.0 Hatim-Mansim Hatim-Mansim Word Order hau Hausa 15 OptNeg 12.0 7.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order hya Haya 5 S[Neg-V]O -2.0 31.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order heb Hebrew (Modern) 2 SNegVO 31.5 34.8333333333 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Word Order heh Hehe 5 S[Neg-V]O -8.0 36.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order lic Hlai (Baoding) 2 SNegVO 19.0 109.5 Hlai Tai-Kadai Word Order hmo Hmong Njua 2 SNegVO 28.0 105.0 Hmongic Hmong-Mien Word Order hol Holoholo 5 S[Neg-V]O -5.16666666667 29.9166666667 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order htc Huastec 2 SNegVO 22.0833333333 -99.3333333333 Mayan Mayan Word Order hve Huave (San Mateo del Mar) 11 Other NegV 16.2166666667 -95.0 Huavean Huavean Word Order hnd Hunde 5 S[Neg-V]O -1.16666666667 28.8333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order hun Hungarian 10 SOV/SOV but SNegVO 47.0 20.0 Ugric Uralic Word Order iaa Iaai 2 SNegVO -20.4166666667 166.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order iba Iban 11 Other NegV 2.0 112.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Word Order ice Icelandic 13 More than one construction 65.0 -17.0 Germanic Indo-European Word Order mxe Ifira-Mele 15 OptNeg -17.75 168.25 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order ifm Ifumu 14 ObligNeg -3.66666666667 15.3333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order ige Igede 4 SVONeg 7.0 8.16666666667 Idomoid Niger-Congo Word Order ila Ila 5 S[Neg-V]O -15.5833333333 26.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order ina Inanwatan 15 OptNeg -2.08333333333 132.083333333 Inanwatan South Bird's Head Word Order ind Indonesian 2 SNegVO 0.0 106.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Word Order igs Ingessana 4 SVONeg 11.5 34.0 Eastern Jebel Eastern Sudanic Word Order iqu Iquito 1 NegSVO -3.25 -74.0 Zaparoan Zaparoan Word Order irr Irarutu 4 SVONeg -3.0 133.5 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Word Order ita Italian 2 SNegVO 43.0 12.0 Romance Indo-European Word Order kwy Iwoyo 14 ObligNeg -5.5 12.25 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order jar Izere 4 SVONeg 9.5 8.6666667 Benue-Congo Plateau Niger-Congo Word Order izi Izi 14 ObligNeg 6.33333333333 8.0 Igboid Niger-Congo Word Order jab Jabêm 4 SVONeg -6.58333333333 147.783333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order juk Jukun 4 SVONeg 6.91666666667 10.4166666667 Jukunoid Niger-Congo Word Order jmo Jur Mödö 4 SVONeg 6.0 30.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Word Order juh Ju|'hoan 2 SNegVO -19.0 21.0 Ju-Kung Kxa Word Order kby Kabiyé 5 S[Neg-V]O 9.66666666667 1.16666666667 Grusi Niger-Congo Word Order kdw Kadiwéu 5 S[Neg-V]O -20.0 -57.0 Kadiwéu Guaicuruan Word Order kad Kadugli 11 Other NegV 11.0 29.6666666667 Kadugli Kadu Word Order kba Kamba 5 S[Neg-V]O -1.5 38.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order kan Kana 2 SNegVO 4.75 7.41666666667 Ogonoid Niger-Congo Word Order knk Kanakuru 14 ObligNeg 10.0 12.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order kar Kara (in Central African Republic) 4 SVONeg 10.0 23.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Word Order kbw Karen (Bwe) 14 ObligNeg 19.5 97.0 Karen Sino-Tibetan Word Order kpw Karen (Pwo) 4 SVONeg 13.0 99.1666666667 Karen Sino-Tibetan Word Order ksg Karen (Sgaw) 14 ObligNeg 18.0 97.0 Karen Sino-Tibetan Word Order kas Kashmiri 6 S[V-Neg]O 34.0 76.0 Indic Indo-European Word Order ksn Kasong 2 SNegVO 12.75 102.116666667 Pearic Austro-Asiatic Word Order ktc Katcha 11 Other NegV 10.8333333333 29.6666666667 Kadugli Kadu Word Order ktl Katla 14 ObligNeg 11.8333333333 29.3333333333 Katla-Tima Kordofanian Word Order kau Kaulong 12 Other VNeg -6.16666666667 149.666666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order kyl Kayah Li (Eastern) 4 SVONeg 19.0 97.5 Karen Sino-Tibetan Word Order kel Kele 4 SVONeg -2.08333333333 147.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order ken Kenga 4 SVONeg 12.0 18.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Word Order ker Kera 4 SVONeg 9.83333333333 15.0833333333 East Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order khs Khasi 2 SNegVO 25.5 92.0 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Word Order khm Khmer 2 SNegVO 12.5 105.0 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Word Order kmu Khmu' 11 Other NegV 21.0 102.0 Khmuic Austro-Asiatic Word Order khn Khün 11 Other NegV 21.0 100.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Word Order kik Kikuyu 5 S[Neg-V]O -0.75 36.75 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order klv Kilivila 13 More than one construction -8.5 151.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order kil Kiluba 5 S[Neg-V]O -8.0 26.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order kga Kinga 5 S[Neg-V]O -9.0 34.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order kin Kinyarwanda 5 S[Neg-V]O -2.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order kir Kirma 2 SNegVO 10.25 -4.83333333333 Kirma-Tyurama Niger-Congo Word Order kis Kisi 14 ObligNeg 8.83333333333 -10.1666666667 Southern Mel Niger-Congo Word Order koe Koegu 13 More than one construction 7.0 36.0833333333 South Surmic Eastern Sudanic Word Order xbi Kombio 2 SNegVO -3.5 142.75 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Word Order kzy Komi-Zyrian 2 SNegVO 65.0 55.0 Permic Uralic Word Order kom Komo 2 SNegVO 8.75 33.75 Koman Koman Word Order kon Kongo 14 ObligNeg -5.0 15.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order kni Konni 2 SNegVO 10.25 -1.58333333333 Oti-Volta Niger-Congo Word Order kfe Koromfe 2 SNegVO 14.25 -0.916666666667 Koromfe Niger-Congo Word Order kos Kosraean 2 SNegVO 5.3 163.0 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order kch Koyra Chiini 2 SNegVO 17.0 -3.0 Songhay Songhay Word Order kre Kresh 15 OptNeg 8.5 24.5 Kresh Central Sudanic Word Order kwa Kwaio 2 SNegVO -8.95 161.0 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order kwn Kwangali 11 Other NegV -18.0 19.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order kwz Kwaza 13 More than one construction -12.5833333333 -60.6666666667 Kwaza Kwaza Word Order laa Laal 4 SVONeg 10.0 17.6666666667 Laal Laal Word Order lab Labu 4 SVONeg -6.75 146.916666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order lac Lacandón 13 More than one construction 17.0 -91.5 Mayan Mayan Word Order lag Lagwan 4 SVONeg 11.5 14.8333333333 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Word Order lmh Lamaholot 4 SVONeg -8.25 122.916666667 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Word Order lmu Lamen 14 ObligNeg -16.5833333333 168.166666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order lmp Lampung 5 S[Neg-V]O -5.0 105.0 Lampungic Austronesian Word Order lgi Langi 5 S[Neg-V]O -4.5 36.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order lan Lango 2 SNegVO 2.16666666667 33.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Word Order lao Lao 2 SNegVO 18.0 103.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Word Order lat Latvian 5 S[Neg-V]O 57.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Word Order leb Lebeo 5 S[Neg-V]O 1.75 25.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order leg Lega 5 S[Neg-V]O -2.83333333333 27.1666666667 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order lel Lele 4 SVONeg 9.08333333333 15.5833333333 East Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order llm Lelemi 5 S[Neg-V]O 7.33333333333 0.5 Na-Togo Niger-Congo Word Order len Lenakel 14 ObligNeg -19.45 169.25 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order ldu Lendu 13 More than one construction 2.0 30.5 Lendu Central Sudanic Word Order let Leti 5 S[Neg-V]O -8.2 127.666666667 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Word Order lew Lewo 15 OptNeg -16.75 168.333333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order lnd Linda 14 ObligNeg 6.5 20.75 Ubangi Niger-Congo Word Order lin Lingala 4 SVONeg 2.0 18.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order lit Lithuanian 5 S[Neg-V]O 55.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Word Order lgt Logoti 9 SVO/SOV but SVONeg 3.5 30.0 Moru-Ma'di Central Sudanic Word Order ara Lokono 12 Other VNeg 5.5 -55.1666666667 Antillean Arawakan Arawakan Word Order ldo Londo 5 S[Neg-V]O 5.0 9.16666666667 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order lon Loniu 4 SVONeg -2.06666666667 147.333333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order lou Lou 14 ObligNeg -2.38333333333 147.316666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order luc Lucazi 5 S[Neg-V]O -14.0 20.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order lug Lugbara 9 SVO/SOV but SVONeg 3.08333333333 30.9166666667 Moru-Ma'di Central Sudanic Word Order lbu Lunda 14 ObligNeg -10.6666666667 24.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order luo Luo 13 More than one construction -0.5 34.75 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Word Order kkv Lusi 4 SVONeg -5.58333333333 149.666666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order luv Luvale 14 ObligNeg -12.0 22.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order ma Ma 14 ObligNeg 3.5 28.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Word Order mad Ma'di 9 SVO/SOV but SVONeg 3.25 31.5 Moru-Ma'di Central Sudanic Word Order mcd Macedonian 2 SNegVO 41.6666666667 21.75 Slavic Indo-European Word Order mda Mada (in Cameroon) 4 SVONeg 10.8333333333 14.1666666667 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Word Order mae Mae 2 SNegVO -16.0 167.25 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order maj Majang 8 VSO but NegSVO 6.75 35.0 Majang Eastern Sudanic Word Order mkz Makaa 14 ObligNeg 3.41666666667 12.25 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order mkd Makonde 5 S[Neg-V]O -11.0 40.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order mua Makua 5 S[Neg-V]O -15.0 38.6666666667 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order mlu Maleu 4 SVONeg -5.71666666667 148.416666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order mlg Malgwa 6 S[V-Neg]O 11.5 13.75 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Word Order mmv Mamvu 5 S[Neg-V]O 3.25 29.0 Mangbutu-Efe Central Sudanic Word Order mnd Mandarin 2 SNegVO 34.0 110.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Word Order mmb Mangap-Mbula 4 SVONeg -5.66666666667 148.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order mbt Mangbetu 13 More than one construction 2.5 26.5 Mangbetu Central Sudanic Word Order mao Maori 8 VSO but NegSVO -40.0 176.0 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order map Mapudungun 6 S[V-Neg]O -38.0 -72.0 Araucanian Araucanian Word Order mrg Margi 4 SVONeg 11.0 13.0 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Word Order mrq Marquesan 8 VSO but NegSVO -8.91666666667 -140.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order mrt Martuthunira 2 SNegVO -20.8333333333 116.5 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Word Order mas Masa 4 SVONeg 10.5 15.5 Masa Afro-Asiatic Word Order msk Masakin 14 ObligNeg 10.6666666667 30.0 Talodi Kordofanian Word Order mtb Matuumbi 13 More than one construction -8.5 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order mau Maung 2 SNegVO -11.9166666667 133.5 Iwaidjan Iwaidjan Word Order may Maybrat 4 SVONeg -1.33333333333 132.5 Maybrat Maybrat Word Order myg Mayogo 4 SVONeg 3.0 29.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Word Order mba Mba 12 Other VNeg 1.0 25.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Word Order mhu Mbalanhu 2 SNegVO -17.5 15.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order mbr Mbara 4 SVONeg 11.0 15.4166666667 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Word Order mby Mbay 4 SVONeg 8.25 17.5 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Word Order mbe Mbere 15 OptNeg -0.5 14.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order mdo Mbodomo 4 SVONeg 4.5 15.5 Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka Niger-Congo Word Order mbm Mbum 4 SVONeg 7.75 13.1666666667 Mbumic Niger-Congo Word Order meh Mehri 13 More than one construction 17.0 51.5 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Word Order mea Meyah 4 SVONeg -1.16666666667 133.5 East Bird's Head East Bird's Head Word Order mie Mien 11 Other NegV 25.0 111.0 Mienic Hmong-Mien Word Order hna Mina 4 SVONeg 10.3333333333 13.8333333333 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Word Order miy Miya 14 ObligNeg 10.9166666667 9.66666666667 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order mcv Mocoví 5 S[Neg-V]O -28.0 -60.5 Qom Guaicuruan Word Order mok Mokilese 2 SNegVO 6.66666666667 159.75 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order mon Mon 2 SNegVO 14.8333333333 100.5 Monic Austro-Asiatic Word Order mga Mondunga 13 More than one construction 2.25 21.5 Ubangi Niger-Congo Word Order moo Mooré 14 ObligNeg 12.8333333333 -1.25 Oti-Volta Niger-Congo Word Order mor Mor 4 SVONeg -2.95 135.75 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Word Order moe Mordvin (Erzya) 11 Other NegV 53.0 45.5 Mordvin Uralic Word Order mro Moro 2 SNegVO 11.0 30.1666666667 Heiban Kordofanian Word Order mou Moru 9 SVO/SOV but SVONeg 4.75 29.75 Moru-Ma'di Central Sudanic Word Order mos Mosetén 13 More than one construction -14.75 -67.8333333333 Mosetenan Mosetenan Word Order mpu Mpur 4 SVONeg -0.75 133.25 Mpur Mpur Word Order aoj Mufian 14 ObligNeg -3.5 143.0 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Word Order mum Mumuye 15 OptNeg 9.0 11.6666666667 Mumuye-Yandang Niger-Congo Word Order mna Muna 2 SNegVO -5.0 122.5 Celebic Austronesian Word Order mdg Mundang 4 SVONeg 9.66666666667 14.5 Mbumic Niger-Congo Word Order mgk Mungaka 15 OptNeg 5.91666666667 10.0 Wide Grassfields Niger-Congo Word Order mup Mupun 15 OptNeg 9.5 8.83333333333 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order mgu Musgu 4 SVONeg 10.8333333333 14.9166666667 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Word Order msm Musom 12 Other VNeg -6.58333333333 147.0 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order mus Mussau 2 SNegVO -1.45 149.616666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order mut Mutsun 2 SNegVO 36.8333333333 -121.5 Costanoan Penutian Word Order mwe Mwera 5 S[Neg-V]O -9.0 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order mwo Mwotlap 14 ObligNeg -13.5833333333 167.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order nad Nadëb 13 More than one construction -1.0 -66.5 Nadahup Nadahup Word Order nhm Nahuatl (Michoacán) 2 SNegVO 18.5 -103.0 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Word Order nht Nahuatl (Tetelcingo) 11 Other NegV 19.6666666667 -99.0 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Word Order nak Nakanai 2 SNegVO -5.58333333333 150.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order nal Nalik 2 SNegVO -2.95 151.333333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order ncm Ncàm 2 SNegVO 9.33333333333 0.666666666667 Oti-Volta Niger-Congo Word Order ndb Ndebele 14 ObligNeg -25.3333333333 29.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order ndo Ndonga 11 Other NegV -18.0 17.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order ndu Ndumu 14 ObligNeg -1.66666666667 13.5833333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order ndt Ndut 6 S[V-Neg]O 14.9166666667 -16.9166666667 Cangin Niger-Congo Word Order ndy Ndyuka 2 SNegVO 4.5 -54.5 Creoles and Pidgins other Word Order neh Nehan 2 SNegVO -4.5 154.2 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order nne Nengone 2 SNegVO -21.5 168.0 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order ngd Ngad'a 11 Other NegV -8.83333333333 121.0 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Word Order ngm Ngambay 4 SVONeg 8.66666666667 16.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Word Order ngw Ngawun 1 NegSVO -19.0 141.5 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Word Order nbm Ngbaka (Ma'bo) 4 SVONeg 3.56 18.36 Ubangi Niger-Congo Word Order nti Ngiti 13 More than one construction 1.33333333333 30.25 Lendu Central Sudanic Word Order ngz Ngizim 4 SVONeg 12.0833333333 10.9166666667 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order ngo Ngoni 13 More than one construction -11.0 36.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order ngu Nguna 2 SNegVO -16.9166666667 168.5 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order nke Nkem 15 OptNeg 6.58333333333 8.58333333333 Ekoid-Mbe Niger-Congo Word Order nkn Nkonya 5 S[Neg-V]O 7.16666666667 0.25 Tano Niger-Congo Word Order nko Nkore-Kiga 5 S[Neg-V]O -0.916666666667 29.8333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order non Noni 14 ObligNeg 6.41666666667 10.5833333333 Beboid Niger-Congo Word Order noo Noon 6 S[V-Neg]O 14.8333333333 -16.8333333333 Cangin Niger-Congo Word Order nor Norwegian 13 More than one construction 61.0 8.0 Germanic Indo-European Word Order nse Nsenga 13 More than one construction -14.5 30.8333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order nto Ntomba 5 S[Neg-V]O -2.0 18.3333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order nua Nuaulu 4 SVONeg -3.25 129.166666667 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Word Order nun Nung (in Vietnam) 2 SNegVO 21.9166666667 106.416666667 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Word Order nup Nupe 4 SVONeg 9.16666666667 5.41666666667 Nupoid Niger-Congo Word Order nza Nzakara 4 SVONeg 5.0 23.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Word Order obo Obolo 5 S[Neg-V]O 4.58333333333 7.83333333333 Lower Cross Niger-Congo Word Order ocu Ocuilteco 5 S[Neg-V]O 18.9166666667 -99.6666666667 Matlatzincan Oto-Manguean Word Order obg Ogbronuagum 5 S[Neg-V]O 4.75 6.86666666667 Central Delta Niger-Congo Word Order olo Olo 4 SVONeg -3.41666666667 142.0 Central Wapei Torricelli Word Order one One 15 OptNeg -3.25 141.916666667 West Wapei Torricelli Word Order otr Otoro 14 ObligNeg 11.1666666667 30.5 Heiban Kordofanian Word Order paa Pa'a 15 OptNeg 11.0 9.25 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order pkn Paakantyi 1 NegSVO -32.5 142.5 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Word Order pms Paamese 5 S[Neg-V]O -16.5 168.25 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order pal Palauan 2 SNegVO 7.5 134.583333333 Palauan Austronesian Word Order plg Palaung 2 SNegVO 22.6666666667 96.6666666667 Palaungic Austro-Asiatic Word Order png Pangwa 5 S[Neg-V]O -10.0 34.75 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order pre Pare 5 S[Neg-V]O -4.0 36.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order pat Patep 4 SVONeg -6.91666666667 146.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order plh Paulohi 15 OptNeg -3.25 128.75 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Word Order pau Paumarí 13 More than one construction -6.0 -64.0 Arauan Arauan Word Order per Pero 14 ObligNeg 9.58333333333 11.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order pga Pilagá 5 S[Neg-V]O -25.0 -60.0 Qom Guaicuruan Word Order pog Pogoro 12 Other VNeg -8.75 36.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order poh Pohnpeian 2 SNegVO 6.88333333333 158.25 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order pol Polish 2 SNegVO 52.0 20.0 Slavic Indo-European Word Order zqs Popoluca (Sierra) 2 SNegVO 18.3333333333 -95.1666666667 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Word Order psw Port Sandwich 5 S[Neg-V]O -16.5 167.75 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order por Portuguese 2 SNegVO 39.0 -8.0 Romance Indo-European Word Order pul Puluwat 2 SNegVO 7.33333333333 149.333333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order pur Purépecha 11 Other NegV 19.5 -101.666666667 Tarascan Tarascan Word Order rag Raga 14 ObligNeg -15.5 168.166666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order rim Rimi 5 S[Neg-V]O -5.0 34.6666666667 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order rwe Romani (Welsh) 15 OptNeg 52.0 -4.0 Indic Indo-European Word Order rom Romanian 2 SNegVO 46.0 25.0 Romance Indo-European Word Order rsu Romansch (Sursilvan) 12 Other VNeg 46.6666666667 8.83333333333 Romance Indo-European Word Order ron Ron 4 SVONeg 9.0 8.75 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order rot Rotuman 14 ObligNeg -12.5 177.066666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order rny Runyankore 5 S[Neg-V]O -0.5 30.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order rru Runyoro-Rutooro 5 S[Neg-V]O 1.5 31.3333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order rus Russian 2 SNegVO 56.0 38.0 Slavic Indo-European Word Order sno Saami (Northern) 11 Other NegV 69.0 24.0 Saami Uralic Word Order sah Sahu 13 More than one construction 1.16666666667 127.5 North Halmaheran North Halmaheran Word Order sak Sakao 5 S[Neg-V]O -15.1666666667 167.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order sal Salinan 14 ObligNeg 36.0 -121.0 Salinan Hokan Word Order san Sango 4 SVONeg 5.0 18.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Word Order sgu Sangu 5 S[Neg-V]O -1.5 11.8333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order sap Sapuan 2 SNegVO 15.1666666667 106.833333333 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Word Order srd Sardinian 2 SNegVO 40.0 9.0 Romance Indo-European Word Order sed Sedang 2 SNegVO 14.8333333333 108.0 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Word Order sgl Sengele 14 ObligNeg -1.83333333333 17.3333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order scr Serbian-Croatian 11 Other NegV 44.0 19.0 Slavic Indo-European Word Order ses Sesotho 11 Other NegV -28.0 27.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order shm Shambala 5 S[Neg-V]O -4.25 38.25 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order sht Shatt 4 SVONeg 10.8333333333 30.0 Daju Eastern Sudanic Word Order shl Shilluk 2 SNegVO 9.66666666667 31.75 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Word Order shn Shona 5 S[Neg-V]O -18.0 31.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order sir Siar 2 SNegVO -4.66666666667 152.916666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order sio Sio 4 SVONeg -5.95 147.333333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order ssa Sisaala 2 SNegVO 10.8333333333 -2.66666666667 Grusi Niger-Congo Word Order sis Sisiqa 2 SNegVO -7.0 156.833333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order slo Slovene 2 SNegVO 46.0 15.0 Slavic Indo-European Word Order sob Sobei 2 SNegVO -1.91666666667 138.75 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order son Sonsorol-Tobi 11 Other NegV 5.33333333333 132.25 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order stn Sotho (Northern) 14 ObligNeg -24.0 29.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order sgb Sougb 4 SVONeg -1.5 134.0 East Bird's Head East Bird's Head Word Order spa Spanish 2 SNegVO 40.0 -4.0 Romance Indo-European Word Order sre Sre 2 SNegVO 11.5 108.0 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Word Order sti Stieng 2 SNegVO 11.8333333333 106.75 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Word Order sud Sudest 11 Other NegV -11.5 153.45 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order skm Sukuma 14 ObligNeg -2.83333333333 32.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order sul Sulka 5 S[Neg-V]O -5.08333333333 151.916666667 Sulka Sulka Word Order sun Sundanese 2 SNegVO -7.0 107.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Word Order swa Swahili 5 S[Neg-V]O -6.5 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order swe Swedish 13 More than one construction 60.0 15.0 Germanic Indo-European Word Order tab Taba 4 SVONeg 0.0 127.5 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Word Order tbw Tabwa 5 S[Neg-V]O -8.0 29.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order taf Taiof 2 SNegVO -5.53333333333 154.633333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order tal Talinga 5 S[Neg-V]O 0.416666666667 29.6666666667 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order tmm Tamabo 2 SNegVO -15.6666666667 167.166666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order tan Tangale 6 S[V-Neg]O 9.75 11.3333333333 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Word Order tmn Temein 15 OptNeg 11.9166666667 29.4166666667 Temein Eastern Sudanic Word Order tmr Temiar 2 SNegVO 5.0 101.5 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Word Order tne Temne 6 S[V-Neg]O 8.66666666667 -13.0833333333 Northern Mel Niger-Congo Word Order ten Tennet 8 VSO but NegSVO 4.41666666667 32.5 South Surmic Eastern Sudanic Word Order teo Teop 14 ObligNeg -5.66666666667 155.0 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order tee Tepehua (Huehuetla) 13 More than one construction 20.5 -98.0 Totonacan Totonacan Word Order tep Tepehua (Tlachichilco) 11 Other NegV 20.5833333333 -98.25 Totonacan Totonacan Word Order ter Tera 15 OptNeg 11.0 11.8333333333 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Word Order tes Teso 8 VSO but NegSVO 1.83333333333 33.8333333333 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Word Order tet Tetela 5 S[Neg-V]O -4.0 24.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order ttn Tetun 2 SNegVO -9.0 126.0 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Word Order tha Thai 2 SNegVO 16.0 101.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Word Order tid Tidore 15 OptNeg 0.75 127.5 North Halmaheran North Halmaheran Word Order tgk Tigak 2 SNegVO -2.71666666667 150.8 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order tin Tinrin 13 More than one construction -21.6666666667 165.75 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order tiv Tiv 4 SVONeg 7.5 9.0 Tivoid Niger-Congo Word Order twn Tiwa (Northern) 13 More than one construction 36.5 -105.5 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Word Order tiw Tiwi 2 SNegVO -11.5 131.0 Tiwian Tiwian Word Order tob Toba 13 More than one construction -26.5 -59.0 Qom Guaicuruan Word Order tla Tolai 11 Other NegV -4.25 152.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order toz Tonga (in Zambia) 5 S[Neg-V]O -17.0 27.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order ton Tonkawa 13 More than one construction 30.25 -96.75 Tonkawa Tonkawa Word Order tru Trumai 13 More than one construction -11.9166666667 -53.5833333333 Trumai Trumai Word Order tki Tuki 5 S[Neg-V]O 4.58333333333 11.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order tpr Tupuri 4 SVONeg 10.1666666667 14.75 Mbumic Niger-Congo Word Order tzu Tzutujil 13 More than one construction 14.6666666667 -91.3333333333 Mayan Mayan Word Order ukr Ukrainian 2 SNegVO 49.0 33.0 Slavic Indo-European Word Order uld Uldeme 4 SVONeg 10.95 14.1166666667 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Word Order uli Ulithian 2 SNegVO 9.91666666667 139.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order url Urak Lawoi' 2 SNegVO 8.0 98.3333333333 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Word Order urt Urat 15 OptNeg -3.66666666667 142.833333333 Urat Torricelli Word Order ven Venda 5 S[Neg-V]O -22.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order vie Vietnamese 2 SNegVO 10.5 106.5 Vietic Austro-Asiatic Word Order vnm Vinmavis 14 ObligNeg -16.1666666667 167.416666667 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order wal Walman 2 SNegVO -3.21666666667 142.5 West Palei Torricelli Word Order wrk Warekena 14 ObligNeg 1.5 -67.5 Alto-Orinoco Arawakan Word Order wrm Warembori 4 SVONeg -1.66666666667 137.583333333 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Word Order wrn Warndarang 15 OptNeg -14.4166666667 135.583333333 Mara Mangarrayi-Maran Word Order wma West Makian 4 SVONeg 0.5 127.583333333 North Halmaheran North Halmaheran Word Order wch Wichí 13 More than one construction -22.5 -62.5833333333 Matacoan Matacoan Word Order wol Woleaian 2 SNegVO 7.33333333333 143.833333333 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order wlf Wolof 13 More than one construction 15.25 -16.0 Wolof Niger-Congo Word Order xho Xhosa 5 S[Neg-V]O -32.0 27.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order xar Xârâcùù 2 SNegVO -21.6666666667 166.0 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order yao Yao (in Malawi) 5 S[Neg-V]O -14.5 35.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order yin Yindjibarndi 2 SNegVO -21.75 117.916666667 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Word Order yng Yingkarta 2 SNegVO -25.1666666667 114.833333333 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Word Order yor Yoruba 2 SNegVO 8.0 4.33333333333 Defoid Niger-Congo Word Order yuk Yukulta 14 ObligNeg -17.3333333333 138.833333333 Tangkic Tangkic Word Order yul Yulu 3 SVNegO 8.5 25.25 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Word Order zan Zande 14 ObligNeg 4.0 26.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Word Order zpr Zaparo 14 ObligNeg -2.0 -76.3333333333 Zaparoan Zaparoan Word Order zch Zoque (Chimalapa) 15 OptNeg 16.75 -94.75 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Word Order zul Zulu 15 OptNeg -30.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Word Order