Matthew S. Dryer. 2013. Position of Negative Morpheme With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/144, Accessed on 2026-06-12.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area abk Abkhaz 6 SO[Neg-V]/SO[V-Neg] 43.0833333333 41.0 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Word Order ajg Ajagbe 23 SOV & NegV/VNeg (b) 7.0 1.75 Gbe Niger-Congo Word Order amb Ambulas 21 SOV & NegV/[Neg-V] -3.83333333333 143.0 Ndu Sepik Word Order apl Apalaí 19 SO[V-Neg]/O[V-Neg]S 0.0 -54.0 Cariban Cariban Word Order arm Armenian (Eastern) 16 SONegV/SO[Neg-V]/SNegVO/S[Neg-V]O 40.0 45.0 Armenian Indo-European Word Order arw Armenian (Western) 22 SOV & NegV/[V-Neg] 38.5 43.5 Armenian Indo-European Word Order aym Aymara (Central) 2 SNegOV/SONegV -17.0 -69.0 Aymaran Aymaran Word Order blt Balti 20 SOV & NegV/VNeg (a) 35.0 76.0 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Word Order bod Bodo 24 SV & OV & NegV/VNeg 26.8333333333 92.0 Brahmaputran Sino-Tibetan Word Order cai Chai 13 SONegV/SOVNeg/SNegVO/SVONeg 5.33333333333 35.3333333333 South Surmic Eastern Sudanic Word Order cmn Comanche 3 NegSOV/SNegOV/SONegV 33.5 -101.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Word Order cup Cupeño 4 NegSOV/2ndPos 33.1666666667 -116.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Word Order dmi Dumi 26 SV & OV & [Neg-V]/[V-Neg] 27.25 86.6666666667 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Word Order dut Dutch 9 SONegV/SVONeg 52.5 6.0 Germanic Indo-European Word Order eip Eipo 1 SONegV/SOVNeg -4.33333333333 140.083333333 Mek Trans-New Guinea Word Order eka Ekari 20 SOV & NegV/VNeg (a) -3.83333333333 135.5 Paniai Lakes Trans-New Guinea Word Order ger German 9 SONegV/SVONeg 52.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Word Order gug Gugada 21 SOV & NegV/[Neg-V] -30.0 134.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Word Order ijo Ijo (Kolokuma) 5 SOVNeg/SO[V-Neg] 4.91666666667 5.66666666667 Ijoid Ijoid Word Order kae Kaki Ae 2 SNegOV/SONegV -8.0 145.833333333 Tate Tate Word Order kmk Kalmyk 24 SV & OV & NegV/VNeg 44.0 83.0 Mongolic Altaic Word Order kll Kaluli 6 SO[Neg-V]/SO[V-Neg] -6.5 142.75 Bosavi Trans-New Guinea Word Order krc Karachay-Balkar 5 SOVNeg/SO[V-Neg] 43.5 42.0 Turkic Altaic Word Order kyr Karkar-Yuri 5 SOVNeg/SO[V-Neg] -3.75 141.083333333 Eastern Pauwasi Pauwasi Word Order kol Kolami 5 SOVNeg/SO[V-Neg] 20.0 78.5 Dravidian Dravidian Word Order klg Kulung 26 SV & OV & [Neg-V]/[V-Neg] 27.5 87.0 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Word Order kwz Kwaza 15 SO[V-Neg]/S[V-Neg]O/ -12.5833333333 -60.6666666667 Kwaza Kwaza Word Order lad Ladakhi 6 SO[Neg-V]/SO[V-Neg] 34.0 78.0 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Word Order lav Lavukaleve 5 SOVNeg/SO[V-Neg] -9.08333333333 159.2 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Word Order ldu Lendu 11 SNegOV/SOVNeg/SVONeg 2.0 30.5 Lendu Central Sudanic Word Order lho Lhomi 25 SV & OV & NegV/[V-Neg] 27.6666666667 87.4166666667 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Word Order mac Macushi 18 SOVNeg/OVNegS 4.0 -60.0 Cariban Cariban Word Order mkh Mongol (Khamnigan) 5 SOVNeg/SO[V-Neg] 49.0 117.0 Mongolic Altaic Word Order mtu Motu 20 SOV & NegV/VNeg (a) -9.33333333333 147.0 Oceanic Austronesian Word Order nag Nagatman 20 SOV & NegV/VNeg (a) -3.75 141.5 Yale Yale Word Order nas Nasioi 5 SOVNeg/SO[V-Neg] -6.33333333333 155.583333333 South Bougainville South Bougainville Word Order nav Navajo 3 NegSOV/SNegOV/SONegV 36.1666666667 -108.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Word Order nwd Newar (Dolakha) 7 SO[Neg-V]/SOVwithNegInfix 27.3333333333 86.0 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Word Order nti Ngiti 12 NegSOV/SNegOV/NegSVO/SVNegO 1.33333333333 30.25 Lendu Central Sudanic Word Order oro Orokaiva 21 SOV & NegV/[Neg-V] -8.83333333333 148.25 Binanderean Trans-New Guinea Word Order paw Pawaian 5 SOVNeg/SO[V-Neg] -7.0 145.083333333 Pawaian Teberan-Pawaian Word Order pba Pima Bajo 3 NegSOV/SNegOV/SONegV 29.0 -111.0 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Word Order pit Pitjantjatjara 27 SV & OV & VNeg/[V-Neg] -26.0 130.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Word Order pra Prasuni 22 SOV & NegV/[V-Neg] 35.5 71.0 Nuristani Indo-European Word Order pum Pumi 6 SO[Neg-V]/SO[V-Neg] 28.0 101.0 Na-Qiangic Sino-Tibetan Word Order qim Quechua (Imbabura) 3 NegSOV/SNegOV/SONegV 0.333333333333 -78.0 Quechuan Quechuan Word Order ram Rama 8 SNegOV/SONegV/SO[V-Neg] 11.75 -83.75 Rama Chibchan Word Order sar Sare 6 SO[Neg-V]/SO[V-Neg] -4.5 143.166666667 Sepik Hill Sepik Word Order tmo Tibetan (Modern Literary) 20 SOV & NegV/VNeg (a) 29.8333333333 91.5 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Word Order twn Tiwa (Northern) 14 SO[Neg-V]/S[Neg-V]O 36.5 -105.5 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Word Order ton Tonkawa 15 SO[V-Neg]/S[V-Neg]O/ 30.25 -96.75 Tonkawa Tonkawa Word Order tru Trumai 10 SOVNeg/SVNegO -11.9166666667 -53.5833333333 Trumai Trumai Word Order uby Ubykh 6 SO[Neg-V]/SO[V-Neg] 43.6666666667 39.6666666667 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Word Order wic Wichita 17 NegSOV/NegOVS 33.3333333333 -97.3333333333 Northern Caddoan Caddoan Word Order