Bickel, Balthasar & Nichols, Johanna. 2011. Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, feature 21A. Available online at http://wals.info/feature/21A Accessed on 2012-02-08. wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area tru Trumai 1 Monoexponential case -11.917 -53.583 Trumai Trumai Morphology nah Nahali 1 Monoexponential case 19.750 77.833 Nahali Nahali Morphology amp Arrernte (Mparntwe) 1 Monoexponential case -24.000 136.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology bel Belhare 1 Monoexponential case 26.967 87.300 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Morphology lai Lai 1 Monoexponential case 22.667 93.667 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Morphology nan Nandi 1 Monoexponential case 0.250 35.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Morphology dig Digaro 1 Monoexponential case 28.417 96.000 Digaroan Sino-Tibetan Morphology zqc Zoque (Copainalá) 1 Monoexponential case 17.000 -93.250 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Morphology bur Burushaski 1 Monoexponential case 36.500 74.500 Burushaski Burushaski Morphology rap Rapanui 1 Monoexponential case -27.117 -109.367 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 1 Monoexponential case 33.000 -5.000 Berber Afro-Asiatic Morphology imo Imonda 1 Monoexponential case -3.333 141.167 Border Border Morphology goo Gooniyandi 1 Monoexponential case -18.333 126.333 Bunuban Australian Morphology bsq Basque 1 Monoexponential case 43.000 -3.000 Basque Basque Morphology jpn Japanese 1 Monoexponential case 37.000 140.000 Japanese Japanese Morphology wra Warao 1 Monoexponential case 9.333 -61.667 Warao Warao Morphology kha Khalkha 1 Monoexponential case 47.000 105.000 Mongolic Altaic Morphology koa Koasati 1 Monoexponential case 34.833 -85.167 Muskogean Muskogean Morphology lez Lezgian 1 Monoexponential case 41.667 47.833 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Morphology mnd Mandarin 1 Monoexponential case 34.000 110.000 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Morphology mei Meithei 1 Monoexponential case 24.750 94.000 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Morphology brm Burmese 1 Monoexponential case 21.000 96.000 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Morphology tur Turkish 1 Monoexponential case 39.000 35.000 Turkic Altaic Morphology mar Maricopa 1 Monoexponential case 33.167 -113.167 Yuman Hokan Morphology mrt Martuthunira 1 Monoexponential case -20.833 116.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology ngi Ngiyambaa 1 Monoexponential case -31.750 145.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology mal Malagasy 1 Monoexponential case -20.000 47.000 Barito Austronesian Morphology yor Yoruba 1 Monoexponential case 8.000 4.333 Defoid Niger-Congo Morphology wic Wichita 1 Monoexponential case 33.333 -97.333 Caddoan Caddoan Morphology ram Rama 1 Monoexponential case 11.750 -83.750 Rama Chibchan Morphology orh Oromo (Harar) 1 Monoexponential case 9.000 42.000 Eastern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology knd Kannada 1 Monoexponential case 14.000 76.000 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Morphology prs Persian 1 Monoexponential case 32.000 54.000 Iranian Indo-European Morphology kor Korean 1 Monoexponential case 37.500 128.000 Korean Korean Morphology kho Khoekhoe 1 Monoexponential case -25.500 18.000 Central Khoisan Khoisan Morphology qim Quechua (Imbabura) 1 Monoexponential case 0.333 -78.000 Quechuan Quechuan Morphology brs Barasano 1 Monoexponential case -0.167 -70.667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Morphology snm Sanuma 1 Monoexponential case 4.500 -64.667 Yanomam Yanomam Morphology tli Tlingit 1 Monoexponential case 59.000 -135.000 Tlingit Na-Dene Morphology mao Maori 1 Monoexponential case -40.000 176.000 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology mss Miwok (Southern Sierra) 1 Monoexponential case 37.500 -120.000 Miwok Penutian Morphology hun Hungarian 1 Monoexponential case 47.000 20.000 Ugric Uralic Morphology mun Mundari 1 Monoexponential case 23.000 84.667 Munda Austro-Asiatic Morphology ing Ingush 1 Monoexponential case 43.167 45.083 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Morphology khs Khasi 1 Monoexponential case 25.500 92.000 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Morphology awp Awa Pit 1 Monoexponential case 1.500 -78.250 Barbacoan Barbacoan Morphology epe Epena Pedee 1 Monoexponential case 3.000 -77.000 Choco Choco Morphology knm Kunama 1 Monoexponential case 14.500 37.000 Kunama Nilo-Saharan Morphology bej Beja 1 Monoexponential case 18.000 36.000 Beja Afro-Asiatic Morphology nbd Nubian (Dongolese) 1 Monoexponential case 18.250 30.750 Nubian Nilo-Saharan Morphology squ Squamish 1 Monoexponential case 49.667 -123.167 Central Salish Salishan Morphology gar Garo 1 Monoexponential case 25.667 90.500 Bodo-Garo Sino-Tibetan Morphology wrd Wardaman 1 Monoexponential case -15.500 131.000 Yangmanic Australian Morphology yid Yidiny 1 Monoexponential case -17.000 145.750 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology lah Lahu 1 Monoexponential case 20.000 98.167 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Morphology pur Purépecha 1 Monoexponential case 19.500 -101.667 Tarascan Tarascan Morphology ana Araona 1 Monoexponential case -12.333 -67.750 Tacanan Tacanan Morphology wem Wembawemba 1 Monoexponential case -35.333 144.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology bnj Bandjalang 1 Monoexponential case -28.750 153.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology tib Tibetan (Standard Spoken) 1 Monoexponential case 30.000 91.000 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Morphology aym Aymara 1 Monoexponential case -17.000 -69.000 Aymaran Aymaran Morphology geo Georgian 1 Monoexponential case 42.000 44.000 Kartvelian Kartvelian Morphology spa Spanish 1 Monoexponential case 40.000 -4.000 Romance Indo-European Morphology hin Hindi 1 Monoexponential case 25.000 77.000 Indic Indo-European Morphology brh Brahui 1 Monoexponential case 28.500 67.000 Northern Dravidian Dravidian Morphology kew Kewa 1 Monoexponential case -6.500 143.833 Engan Trans-New Guinea Morphology maa Maasai 1 Monoexponential case -3.000 36.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Morphology myi Mangarrayi 1 Monoexponential case -14.667 133.500 Mangarrayi Australian Morphology hzb Hunzib 1 Monoexponential case 42.167 46.250 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Morphology cah Cahuilla 1 Monoexponential case 33.500 -116.250 Takic Uto-Aztecan Morphology ccp Cocopa 1 Monoexponential case 32.333 -115.000 Yuman Hokan Morphology grw Greenlandic (West) 2 Case + number 64.000 -51.000 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Morphology yaq Yaqui 2 Case + number 27.500 -110.250 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Morphology ger German 2 Case + number 52.000 10.000 Germanic Indo-European Morphology rus Russian 2 Case + number 56.000 38.000 Slavic Indo-European Morphology fin Finnish 2 Case + number 62.000 25.000 Finnic Uralic Morphology chk Chukchi 2 Case + number 67.000 -173.000 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Morphology nen Nenets 2 Case + number 69.000 72.000 Samoyedic Uralic Morphology grk Greek (Modern) 2 Case + number 39.000 22.000 Greek Indo-European Morphology cre Cree (Plains) 3 Case + referentiality 54.000 -110.000 Algonquian Algic Morphology tag Tagalog 3 Case + referentiality 15.000 121.000 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Morphology pai Paiwan 3 Case + referentiality 22.500 120.833 Paiwanic Austronesian Morphology kut Kutenai 3 Case + referentiality 49.500 -116.000 Kutenai Kutenai Morphology eve Evenki 3 Case + referentiality 56.000 125.000 Tungusic Altaic Morphology tuk Tukang Besi 3 Case + referentiality -5.500 123.500 Sulawesi Austronesian Morphology lug Lugbara 4 Case + TAM 3.083 30.917 Moru-Ma'di Nilo-Saharan Morphology kay Kayardild 4 Case + TAM -17.050 139.500 Tangkic Australian Morphology brr Bororo 5 No case -16.000 -57.000 Bororo Macro-Ge Morphology san Sango 5 No case 5.000 18.000 Ubangi Niger-Congo Morphology tiw Tiwi 5 No case -11.500 131.000 Tiwian Australian Morphology may Maybrat 5 No case -1.333 132.500 North-Central Bird's Head West Papuan Morphology hat Hatam 5 No case -1.000 134.000 Hatam West Papuan Morphology kis Kisi 5 No case 8.833 -10.167 Southern Atlantic Niger-Congo Morphology cku Chinook (Upper) 5 No case 45.500 -122.500 Chinookan Penutian Morphology atk Atakapa 5 No case 30.000 -93.500 Atakapa Atakapa Morphology hmo Hmong Njua 5 No case 28.000 105.000 Hmong-Mien Hmong-Mien Morphology kio Kiowa 5 No case 37.000 -99.000 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Morphology prh Pirahã 5 No case -7.000 -62.000 Mura Mura Morphology mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 5 No case 17.050 -97.583 Mixtecan Oto-Manguean Morphology swa Swahili 5 No case -6.500 39.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology zul Zulu 5 No case -30.000 30.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology hix Hixkaryana 5 No case -1.000 -59.000 Cariban Cariban Morphology hau Hausa 5 No case 12.000 7.000 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Morphology arp Arapesh (Mountain) 5 No case -3.467 143.167 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Morphology sla Slave 5 No case 67.000 -125.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Morphology abk Abkhaz 5 No case 43.083 41.000 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Morphology ala Alamblak 5 No case -4.667 143.333 Sepik Hill Sepik Morphology lkt Lakhota 5 No case 43.833 -101.833 Siouan Siouan Morphology tha Thai 5 No case 16.000 101.000 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Morphology gua Guaraní 5 No case -26.000 -56.000 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian Morphology lav Lavukaleve 5 No case -9.083 159.200 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Morphology apu Apurinã 5 No case -9.000 -67.000 Arawakan Arawakan Morphology asm Asmat 5 No case -5.500 138.500 Asmat-Kamoro Trans-New Guinea Morphology vie Vietnamese 5 No case 10.500 106.500 Viet-Muong Austro-Asiatic Morphology fij Fijian 5 No case -17.833 178.000 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology ind Indonesian 5 No case 0.000 106.000 Malayic Austronesian Morphology luv Luvale 5 No case -12.000 22.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology dni Dani (Lower Grand Valley) 5 No case -4.333 138.833 Dani Trans-New Guinea Morphology sup Supyire 5 No case 11.500 -5.583 Gur Niger-Congo Morphology eng English 5 No case 52.000 0.000 Germanic Indo-European Morphology ond Oneida 5 No case 43.000 -75.667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Morphology krk Karok 5 No case 41.667 -123.000 Karok Karok Morphology mau Maung 5 No case -11.917 133.500 Iwaidjan Australian Morphology kro Krongo 5 No case 10.500 30.000 Kadugli Kadugli Morphology grb Grebo 5 No case 5.000 -8.000 Kru Niger-Congo Morphology ckr Canela-Krahô 5 No case -6.000 -46.000 Ge-Kaingang Macro-Ge Morphology ame Amele 5 No case -5.250 145.583 Madang Trans-New Guinea Morphology wch Wichí 5 No case -22.500 -62.583 Matacoan Matacoan Morphology jak Jakaltek 5 No case 15.667 -91.667 Mayan Mayan Morphology yag Yagua 5 No case -3.500 -72.000 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Morphology cyv Cayuvava 5 No case -13.500 -65.500 Cayuvava Cayuvava Morphology abi Abipón 5 No case -29.000 -61.000 Guaicuruan Guaicuruan Morphology niv Nivkh 5 No case 53.333 142.000 Nivkh Nivkh Morphology yur Yurok 5 No case 41.333 -124.000 Yurok Algic Morphology yuc Yuchi 5 No case 35.750 -86.750 Yuchi Yuchi Morphology hai Haida 5 No case 53.000 -132.000 Haida Haida Morphology eka Ekari 5 No case -3.833 135.500 Wissel Lakes-Kemandoga Trans-New Guinea Morphology wrm Warembori 5 No case -1.667 137.583 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Morphology iau Iau 5 No case -3.167 137.500 Lakes Plain Lakes Plain Morphology bbw Bininj Gun-Wok 5 No case -12.500 133.750 Gunwinygic Australian Morphology jel Jeli 5 No case 9.500 -5.667 Western Mande Niger-Congo Morphology ter Tera 5 No case 11.000 11.833 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Morphology cho Chontal (Highland) 5 No case 16.250 -95.750 Tequistlatecan Tequistlatecan Morphology mrg Margi 5 No case 11.000 13.000 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Morphology tot Totonac (Misantla) 5 No case 19.917 -96.917 Totonacan Totonacan Morphology nmb Nambikuára 5 No case -13.000 -59.000 Nambikuaran Nambikuaran Morphology hve Huave (San Mateo del Mar) 5 No case 16.217 -95.000 Huavean Huavean Morphology kiw Kiwai 5 No case -8.000 143.500 Kiwaian Kiwaian Morphology bag Bagirmi 5 No case 11.667 16.000 Bongo-Bagirmi Nilo-Saharan Morphology map Mapudungun 5 No case -38.000 -72.000 Araucanian Araucanian Morphology otm Otomí (Mezquital) 5 No case 20.167 -99.167 Otomian Oto-Manguean Morphology war Wari' 5 No case -11.333 -65.000 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Morphology aco Acoma 5 No case 34.917 -107.583 Keresan Keresan Morphology ket Ket 5 No case 64.000 87.000 Yeniseian Yeniseian Morphology fre French 5 No case 48.000 2.000 Romance Indo-European Morphology cha Chamorro 5 No case 13.450 144.750 Chamorro Austronesian Morphology dag Daga 5 No case -10.000 149.333 Dagan Dagan Morphology koi Koiari 5 No case -9.500 147.333 Koiarian Trans-New Guinea Morphology lan Lango 5 No case 2.167 33.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Morphology heb Hebrew (Modern) 5 No case 31.500 34.833 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 5 No case 30.000 31.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology kch Koyra Chiini 5 No case 17.000 -3.000 Songhay Nilo-Saharan Morphology