Balthasar Bickel, Johanna Nichols. 2013. Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/22, Accessed on 2026-06-09.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area abk Abkhaz 6 10-11 categories per word 43.0833333333 41.0 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Morphology aco Acoma 3 4-5 categories per word 34.9166666667 -107.583333333 Keresan Keresan Morphology ash Adyghe (Shapsugh) 5 8-9 categories per word 45.0 38.75 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Morphology ain Ainu 3 4-5 categories per word 43.0 143.0 Ainu Ainu Morphology ala Alamblak 6 10-11 categories per word -4.66666666667 143.333333333 Sepik Hill Sepik Morphology ame Amele 4 6-7 categories per word -5.25 145.583333333 Mabuso Trans-New Guinea Morphology apu Apurinã 4 6-7 categories per word -9.0 -67.0 Purus Arawakan Morphology aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 4 6-7 categories per word 30.0 31.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology arp Arapesh (Mountain) 3 4-5 categories per word -3.46666666667 143.166666667 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Morphology arm Armenian (Eastern) 2 2-3 categories per word 40.0 45.0 Armenian Indo-European Morphology amp Arrernte (Mparntwe) 3 4-5 categories per word -24.0 136.0 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Morphology asm Asmat 3 4-5 categories per word -5.5 138.5 Asmat-Kamrau Bay Asmat-Kamrau Bay Morphology atk Atakapa 5 8-9 categories per word 30.0 -93.5 Atakapa Atakapa Morphology awp Awa Pit 5 8-9 categories per word 1.5 -78.25 Barbacoan Barbacoan Morphology aym Aymara (Central) 5 8-9 categories per word -17.0 -69.0 Aymaran Aymaran Morphology bag Bagirmi 4 6-7 categories per word 11.6666666667 16.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Morphology brs Barasano 3 4-5 categories per word -0.166666666667 -70.6666666667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Morphology bsq Basque 3 4-5 categories per word 43.0 -3.0 Basque Basque Morphology bej Beja 3 4-5 categories per word 18.0 36.0 Beja Afro-Asiatic Morphology bel Belhare 4 6-7 categories per word 26.9666666667 87.3 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Morphology bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 4 6-7 categories per word 33.0 -5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Morphology brr Bororo 3 4-5 categories per word -16.0 -57.0 Bororoan Bororoan Morphology brh Brahui 2 2-3 categories per word 28.5 67.0 Dravidian Dravidian Morphology brm Burmese 2 2-3 categories per word 21.0 96.0 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Morphology bur Burushaski 5 8-9 categories per word 36.5 74.5 Burushaski Burushaski Morphology cnl Canela 3 4-5 categories per word -7.0 -45.0 Je Setentrional Macro-Ge Morphology cyv Cayuvava 4 6-7 categories per word -13.5 -65.5 Cayuvava Cayuvava Morphology cha Chamorro 4 6-7 categories per word 13.45 144.75 Chamorro Austronesian Morphology cku Chinook (Upper) 6 10-11 categories per word 45.62 -121.16 Chinookan Penutian Morphology chk Chukchi 3 4-5 categories per word 67.0 -173.0 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Morphology cre Cree (Plains) 4 6-7 categories per word 54.0 -110.0 Algonquian Algic Morphology dag Daga 5 8-9 categories per word -10.0 149.333333333 Dagan Trans-New Guinea Morphology dni Dani (Lower Grand Valley) 4 6-7 categories per word -4.33333333333 138.833333333 Dani Trans-New Guinea Morphology dig Digaro 3 4-5 categories per word 28.4166666667 96.0 Digaroan Sino-Tibetan Morphology eka Ekari 3 4-5 categories per word -3.83333333333 135.5 Paniai Lakes Trans-New Guinea Morphology eng English 2 2-3 categories per word 52.0 0.0 Germanic Indo-European Morphology epe Epena Pedee 3 4-5 categories per word 3.0 -77.0 Choco Choco Morphology eve Evenki 4 6-7 categories per word 56.0 125.0 Tungusic Altaic Morphology fij Fijian 4 6-7 categories per word -17.8333333333 178.0 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology fin Finnish 2 2-3 categories per word 62.0 25.0 Finnic Uralic Morphology fre French 3 4-5 categories per word 48.0 2.0 Romance Indo-European Morphology gar Garo 2 2-3 categories per word 25.6666666667 90.5 Brahmaputran Sino-Tibetan Morphology geo Georgian 5 8-9 categories per word 42.0 44.0 Kartvelian Kartvelian Morphology ger German 2 2-3 categories per word 52.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Morphology goo Gooniyandi 4 6-7 categories per word -18.3333333333 126.333333333 Bunuban Bunuban Morphology grb Grebo 4 6-7 categories per word 5.0 -8.0 Kru Niger-Congo Morphology grk Greek (Modern) 3 4-5 categories per word 39.0 22.0 Greek Indo-European Morphology grw Greenlandic (West) 3 4-5 categories per word 64.0 -51.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Morphology gua Guaraní 3 4-5 categories per word -26.0 -56.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Morphology hai Haida 5 8-9 categories per word 53.0 -132.0 Haida Haida Morphology hat Hatam 2 2-3 categories per word -1.0 134.0 Hatim-Mansim Hatim-Mansim Morphology hau Hausa 4 6-7 categories per word 12.0 7.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Morphology heb Hebrew (Modern) 3 4-5 categories per word 31.5 34.8333333333 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology hin Hindi 2 2-3 categories per word 25.0 77.0 Indic Indo-European Morphology hix Hixkaryana 3 4-5 categories per word -1.0 -59.0 Cariban Cariban Morphology hmo Hmong Njua 2 2-3 categories per word 28.0 105.0 Hmongic Hmong-Mien Morphology hve Huave (San Mateo del Mar) 3 4-5 categories per word 16.2166666667 -95.0 Huavean Huavean Morphology hun Hungarian 3 4-5 categories per word 47.0 20.0 Ugric Uralic Morphology hzb Hunzib 4 6-7 categories per word 42.1666666667 46.25 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Morphology imo Imonda 6 10-11 categories per word -3.33333333333 141.166666667 Border Border Morphology ind Indonesian 3 4-5 categories per word 0.0 106.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Morphology ing Ingush 6 10-11 categories per word 43.1666666667 45.0833333333 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Morphology jak Jakaltek 3 4-5 categories per word 15.6666666667 -91.6666666667 Mayan Mayan Morphology jpn Japanese 3 4-5 categories per word 37.0 140.0 Japanese Japanese Morphology knd Kannada 2 2-3 categories per word 14.0 76.0 Dravidian Dravidian Morphology ksg Karen (Sgaw) 2 2-3 categories per word 18.0 97.0 Karen Sino-Tibetan Morphology krk Karok 5 8-9 categories per word 41.6666666667 -123.0 Karok Hokan Morphology kay Kayardild 3 4-5 categories per word -17.05 139.5 Tangkic Tangkic Morphology ket Ket 2 2-3 categories per word 64.0 87.0 Yeniseian Yeniseian Morphology kew Kewa 4 6-7 categories per word -6.5 143.833333333 Enga_Kewa-Huli Trans-New Guinea Morphology kha Khalkha 2 2-3 categories per word 47.0 105.0 Mongolic Altaic Morphology khs Khasi 3 4-5 categories per word 25.5 92.0 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Morphology kio Kiowa 5 8-9 categories per word 37.0 -99.0 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Morphology kis Kisi 2 2-3 categories per word 8.83333333333 -10.1666666667 Southern Mel Niger-Congo Morphology koa Koasati 7 12-13 categories per word 34.8333333333 -85.1666666667 Muskogean Muskogean Morphology kor Korean 4 6-7 categories per word 37.5 128.0 Korean Korean Morphology kch Koyra Chiini 2 2-3 categories per word 17.0 -3.0 Songhay Songhay Morphology kro Krongo 3 4-5 categories per word 10.5 30.0 Kadugli Kadu Morphology kut Kutenai 3 4-5 categories per word 49.5 -116.0 Kutenai Kutenai Morphology lai Lai 5 8-9 categories per word 22.6666666667 93.6666666667 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Morphology lkt Lakhota 6 10-11 categories per word 43.8333333333 -101.833333333 Mississippi Valley Siouan Siouan Morphology lan Lango 4 6-7 categories per word 2.16666666667 33.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Morphology lav Lavukaleve 3 4-5 categories per word -9.08333333333 159.2 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Morphology lez Lezgian 2 2-3 categories per word 41.6666666667 47.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Morphology luv Luvale 5 8-9 categories per word -12.0 22.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Morphology maa Maasai 4 6-7 categories per word -3.0 36.0 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Morphology mal Malagasy 3 4-5 categories per word -20.0 47.0 Barito Austronesian Morphology mnd Mandarin 1 0-1 category per word 34.0 110.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Morphology myi Mangarrayi 4 6-7 categories per word -14.6666666667 133.5 Mangarrayi Mangarrayi-Maran Morphology map Mapudungun 5 8-9 categories per word -38.0 -72.0 Araucanian Araucanian Morphology mar Maricopa 5 8-9 categories per word 33.1666666667 -113.166666667 Yuman Hokan Morphology mrt Martuthunira 2 2-3 categories per word -20.8333333333 116.5 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Morphology mau Maung 3 4-5 categories per word -11.9166666667 133.5 Iwaidjan Iwaidjan Morphology may Maybrat 1 0-1 category per word -1.33333333333 132.5 Maybrat Maybrat Morphology mei Meithei 3 4-5 categories per word 24.75 94.0 Manipuri Sino-Tibetan Morphology mss Miwok (Southern Sierra) 3 4-5 categories per word 37.5 -120.0 Miwok Penutian Morphology mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 3 4-5 categories per word 17.05 -97.5833333333 Mixtec Oto-Manguean Morphology mun Mundari 4 6-7 categories per word 23.0 84.6666666667 Munda Austro-Asiatic Morphology nah Nahali 1 0-1 category per word 19.75 77.8333333333 Nahali Nahali Morphology kho Nama 4 6-7 categories per word -25.5 18.0 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Morphology nmb Nambikuára (Southern) 5 8-9 categories per word -14.0 -59.5 Nambikuaran Nambikuaran Morphology nan Nandi 3 4-5 categories per word 0.25 35.0 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Morphology ntu Nenets 2 2-3 categories per word 70.0 76.0 Samoyedic Uralic Morphology ngi Ngiyambaa 3 4-5 categories per word -31.75 145.5 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Morphology nca Nicobarese (Car) 4 6-7 categories per word 9.0 93.0 Nicobarese Austro-Asiatic Morphology nsg Nisgha 3 4-5 categories per word 55.0 -130.0 Tsimshianic Tsimshianic Morphology niv Nivkh 5 8-9 categories per word 53.3333333333 142.0 Nivkh Nivkh Morphology ond Oneida 5 8-9 categories per word 43.0 -75.6666666667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Morphology orh Oromo (Harar) 4 6-7 categories per word 9.0 42.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology otm Otomí (Mezquital) 5 8-9 categories per word 20.1666666667 -99.1666666667 Otomian Oto-Manguean Morphology pai Paiwan 3 4-5 categories per word 22.5 120.833333333 Paiwan Austronesian Morphology prs Persian 3 4-5 categories per word 32.0 54.0 Iranian Indo-European Morphology pip Pipil 3 4-5 categories per word 13.8333333333 -89.5833333333 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Morphology prh Pirahã 5 8-9 categories per word -7.0 -62.0 Mura Mura Morphology pso Pomo (Southeastern) 3 4-5 categories per word 39.0 -122.5 Pomoan Hokan Morphology qim Quechua (Imbabura) 5 8-9 categories per word 0.333333333333 -78.0 Quechuan Quechuan Morphology ram Rama 2 2-3 categories per word 11.75 -83.75 Rama Chibchan Morphology rap Rapanui 5 8-9 categories per word -27.1166666667 -109.366666667 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology rus Russian 3 4-5 categories per word 56.0 38.0 Slavic Indo-European Morphology san Sango 1 0-1 category per word 5.0 18.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Morphology snm Sanuma 3 4-5 categories per word 4.5 -64.6666666667 Yanomam Yanomam Morphology shk Shipibo-Konibo 4 6-7 categories per word -7.5 -75.0 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Morphology sla Slave 5 8-9 categories per word 67.0 -125.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Morphology spa Spanish 3 4-5 categories per word 40.0 -4.0 Romance Indo-European Morphology squ Squamish 5 8-9 categories per word 49.6666666667 -123.166666667 Central Salish Salishan Morphology sup Supyire 2 2-3 categories per word 11.5 -5.58333333333 Senufo Niger-Congo Morphology swa Swahili 3 4-5 categories per word -6.5 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Morphology tag Tagalog 2 2-3 categories per word 15.0 121.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Morphology tha Thai 2 2-3 categories per word 16.0 101.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Morphology tib Tibetan (Standard Spoken) 3 4-5 categories per word 30.0 91.0 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Morphology tiw Tiwi 3 4-5 categories per word -11.5 131.0 Tiwian Tiwian Morphology tru Trumai 5 8-9 categories per word -11.9166666667 -53.5833333333 Trumai Trumai Morphology tuk Tukang Besi 4 6-7 categories per word -5.5 123.5 Celebic Austronesian Morphology tur Turkish 4 6-7 categories per word 39.0 35.0 Turkic Altaic Morphology vie Vietnamese 1 0-1 category per word 10.5 106.5 Vietic Austro-Asiatic Morphology wra Warao 3 4-5 categories per word 9.33333333333 -61.6666666667 Warao Warao Morphology war Wari' 3 4-5 categories per word -11.3333333333 -65.0 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Morphology wic Wichita 7 12-13 categories per word 33.3333333333 -97.3333333333 Northern Caddoan Caddoan Morphology wch Wichí 2 2-3 categories per word -22.5 -62.5833333333 Matacoan Matacoan Morphology yag Yagua 6 10-11 categories per word -3.5 -72.0 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Morphology yaq Yaqui 3 4-5 categories per word 27.5 -110.25 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Morphology yor Yoruba 4 6-7 categories per word 8.0 4.33333333333 Defoid Niger-Congo Morphology yur Yurok 4 6-7 categories per word 41.3333333333 -124.0 Yurok Algic Morphology zqc Zoque (Copainalá) 4 6-7 categories per word 17.0 -93.25 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Morphology zul Zulu 3 4-5 categories per word -30.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Morphology