Rubino, Carl. 2011. Reduplication. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, feature 27A. Available online at http://wals.info/feature/27A Accessed on 2012-02-06. wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area abk Abkhaz 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 43.083 41.000 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Morphology agc Agta (Central) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 17.967 121.833 Northern Philippines Austronesian Morphology akn Akan 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 6.500 -1.250 Kwa Niger-Congo Morphology abm Alabama 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 32.333 -87.417 Muskogean Muskogean Morphology ala Alamblak 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -4.667 143.333 Sepik Hill Sepik Morphology alw Alawa 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -15.167 134.250 Maran Australian Morphology aly Alyawarra 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -22.500 135.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology ame Amele 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -5.250 145.583 Madang Trans-New Guinea Morphology amh Amharic 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 10.000 38.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology apl Apalaí 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 0.000 -54.000 Cariban Cariban Morphology api Apinayé 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -5.500 -48.000 Ge-Kaingang Macro-Ge Morphology asm Asmat 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -5.500 138.500 Asmat-Kamoro Trans-New Guinea Morphology ass Assamese 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 26.000 93.000 Indic Indo-European Morphology cax Campa (Axininca) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -12.000 -74.000 Arawakan Arawakan Morphology qay Quechua (Ayacucho) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -14.000 -74.000 Quechuan Quechuan Morphology aym Aymara 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -17.000 -69.000 Aymaran Aymaran Morphology baj Bajau (Sama) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -4.333 123.000 Sama-Bajaw Austronesian Morphology bal Balinese 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -8.333 115.250 Bali-Sasak Austronesian Morphology bnj Bandjalang 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -28.750 153.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology bej Beja 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 18.000 36.000 Beja Afro-Asiatic Morphology bco Bella Coola 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 52.500 -126.667 Bella Coola Salishan Morphology bkl Bikol 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 13.333 123.500 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Morphology blx Biloxi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 30.500 -88.667 Siouan Siouan Morphology bis Bisa 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 11.500 -0.500 Eastern Mande Niger-Congo Morphology bsm Bislama 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -16.000 168.000 Creoles and Pidgins other Morphology blq Bole 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 11.333 11.250 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Morphology arp Arapesh (Mountain) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -3.467 143.167 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Morphology buw Bulu 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 3.000 11.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology cah Cahuilla 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 33.500 -116.250 Takic Uto-Aztecan Morphology khm Khmer 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 12.500 105.000 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Morphology ckr Canela-Krahô 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -6.000 -46.000 Ge-Kaingang Macro-Ge Morphology cyv Cayuvava 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -13.500 -65.500 Cayuvava Cayuvava Morphology chh Chaha 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 8.113 37.933 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology cha Chamorro 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 13.450 144.750 Chamorro Austronesian Morphology cmk Chemakum 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 48.083 -122.917 Chimakuan Chimakuan Morphology cck Chickasaw 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 34.000 -88.000 Muskogean Muskogean Morphology cct Choctaw 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 32.250 -88.500 Muskogean Muskogean Morphology col Chol 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 17.750 -92.500 Mayan Mayan Morphology chr Chrau 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 10.750 107.500 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Morphology chk Chukchi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 67.000 -173.000 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Morphology cba Chumash (Barbareño) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 34.500 -120.250 Chumash Chumash Morphology cin Chumash (Ineseño) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 34.667 -120.250 Chumash Chumash Morphology cla Clallam 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 48.083 -123.750 Central Salish Salishan Morphology tsi Tsimshian (Coast) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 52.500 -129.000 Tsimshianic Penutian Morphology coe Coeur d'Alene 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 47.250 -116.500 Interior Salish Salishan Morphology cwe Columbia-Wenatchi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 47.500 -120.000 Interior Salish Salishan Morphology cmn Comanche 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 33.500 -101.500 Numic Uto-Aztecan Morphology cmx Comox 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 50.167 -125.000 Central Salish Salishan Morphology coo Coos (Hanis) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 43.500 -124.167 Coosan Oregon Coast Morphology cos Costanoan 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 37.000 -122.000 Costanoan Penutian Morphology cre Cree (Plains) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 54.000 -110.000 Algonquian Algic Morphology dag Daga 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -10.000 149.333 Dagan Dagan Morphology dga Dagaare 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 10.500 -2.667 Gur Niger-Congo Morphology dah Dahalo 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -2.333 40.500 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology dri Dari 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 35.000 66.000 Iranian Indo-European Morphology dre Drehu 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -21.000 167.250 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology dhm Dhimal 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 26.667 87.750 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Morphology djp Djapu 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -12.667 136.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology tja Tiipay (Jamul) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 32.167 -116.500 Yuman Hokan Morphology diy Diyari 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -28.000 139.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology dji Djingili 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -17.750 134.000 West Barkly Australian Morphology dyi Dyirbal 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -17.833 145.583 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 30.000 31.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology epe Epena Pedee 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 3.000 -77.000 Choco Choco Morphology ewe Ewe 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 6.333 0.417 Kwa Niger-Congo Morphology fox Fox 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 43.000 -83.000 Algonquian Algic Morphology yuk Yukulta 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -17.333 138.833 Tangkic Australian Morphology gar Garo 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 25.667 90.500 Bodo-Garo Sino-Tibetan Morphology geo Georgian 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 42.000 44.000 Kartvelian Kartvelian Morphology krb Kiribati 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 1.333 173.000 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology fgo Fulani (Gombe) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 10.250 11.250 Northern Atlantic Niger-Congo Morphology goo Gooniyandi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -18.333 126.333 Bunuban Australian Morphology kya Kuku-Yalanji 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -16.000 145.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology hlu Halkomelem (Upriver) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 49.250 -121.917 Central Salish Salishan Morphology orh Oromo (Harar) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 9.000 42.000 Eastern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology hrr Harari 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 9.250 42.167 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology hau Hausa 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 12.000 7.000 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Morphology haw Hawaiian 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 19.583 -155.500 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology heb Hebrew (Modern) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 31.500 34.833 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology hil Hiligaynon 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 10.250 123.000 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Morphology hin Hindi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 25.000 77.000 Indic Indo-European Morphology mki Mikasuki 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 32.000 -85.000 Muskogean Muskogean Morphology hmo Hmong Njua 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 28.000 105.000 Hmong-Mien Hmong-Mien Morphology hop Hopi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 36.000 -110.000 Hopi Uto-Aztecan Morphology hlp Hualapai 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 35.500 -113.750 Yuman Hokan Morphology htc Huastec 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 22.083 -99.333 Mayan Mayan Morphology hui Huichol 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 22.000 -104.000 Corachol Uto-Aztecan Morphology hun Hungarian 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 47.000 20.000 Ugric Uralic Morphology hzb Hunzib 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 42.167 46.250 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Morphology iaa Iaai 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -20.417 166.583 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology igb Igbo 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 6.000 7.333 Igboid Niger-Congo Morphology ilo Ilocano 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 16.000 121.000 Northern Philippines Austronesian Morphology itz Itzaj 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 17.000 -89.833 Mayan Mayan Morphology jak Jakaltek 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 15.667 -91.667 Mayan Mayan Morphology jaq Jaqaru 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -13.000 -76.000 Aymaran Aymaran Morphology djr Djaru 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -18.750 128.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology kkv Kaliai-Kove 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -5.583 149.667 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology kls Kalispel 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 48.000 -117.000 Interior Salish Salishan Morphology kma Kamaiurá 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -12.083 -52.583 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian Morphology knd Kannada 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 14.000 76.000 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Morphology knr Kanuri 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 12.000 13.000 Western Saharan Nilo-Saharan Morphology kpm Kapampangan 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 15.333 120.500 Northern Philippines Austronesian Morphology ham Hamtai 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -7.500 146.250 Angan Trans-New Guinea Morphology krk Karok 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 41.667 -123.000 Karok Karok Morphology kay Kayardild 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -17.050 139.500 Tangkic Australian Morphology kha Khalkha 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 47.000 105.000 Mongolic Altaic Morphology khs Khasi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 25.500 92.000 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Morphology kik Kikuyu 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -0.750 36.750 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology klv Kilivila 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -8.500 151.083 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology rnd Rundi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -3.500 30.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology klm Klamath 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 42.500 -121.500 Klamath-Modoc Penutian Morphology koa Koasati 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 34.833 -85.167 Muskogean Muskogean Morphology koo Kola 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -5.500 134.500 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Morphology kol Kolami 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 20.000 78.500 Central Dravidian Dravidian Morphology kor Korean 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 37.500 128.000 Korean Korean Morphology krw Korowai 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -5.250 140.000 Awju-Dumut Trans-New Guinea Morphology koy Koya 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 17.500 81.333 South-Central Dravidian Dravidian Morphology gum Gumbaynggir 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -30.167 152.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology kuo Kuot 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -3.050 151.500 Kuot Kuot Morphology kwk Kwakw'ala 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 51.000 -127.000 Northern Wakashan Wakashan Morphology lac Lacandón 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 17.000 -91.500 Mayan Mayan Morphology lkt Lakhota 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 43.833 -101.833 Siouan Siouan Morphology lmp Lampung 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -5.000 105.000 Lampungic Austronesian Morphology lrd Lardil 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -16.500 139.333 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology lav Lavukaleve 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -9.083 159.200 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Morphology lil Lillooet 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 50.750 -122.000 Interior Salish Salishan Morphology lui Luiseño 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 33.333 -117.167 Takic Uto-Aztecan Morphology lus Lushootseed 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 48.000 -122.000 Central Salish Salishan Morphology luv Luvale 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -12.000 22.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology mdr Madurese 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -7.000 113.500 Madurese Austronesian Morphology maj Majang 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 6.750 35.000 Surmic Nilo-Saharan Morphology mks Makassar 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -5.417 119.583 Sulawesi Austronesian Morphology mal Malagasy 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -20.000 47.000 Barito Austronesian Morphology mlk Malakmalak 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -13.417 130.417 Northern Daly Australian Morphology mnm Manam 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -4.000 145.000 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology mnd Mandarin 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 34.000 110.000 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Morphology maw Maninka (Western) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 13.000 -11.000 Western Mande Niger-Congo Morphology mmb Mangap-Mbula 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -5.667 148.083 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology myi Mangarrayi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -14.667 133.500 Mangarrayi Australian Morphology mao Maori 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -40.000 176.000 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology mra Mara 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -15.000 135.167 Maran Australian Morphology mar Maricopa 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 33.167 -113.167 Yuman Hokan Morphology mrq Marquesan 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -8.917 -140.083 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology msh Marshallese 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 7.117 171.050 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology mau Maung 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -11.917 133.500 Iwaidjan Australian Morphology yct Yucatec 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 20.000 -89.000 Mayan Mayan Morphology may Maybrat 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -1.333 132.500 North-Central Bird's Head West Papuan Morphology mei Meithei 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 24.750 94.000 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Morphology men Menomini 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 45.500 -88.333 Algonquian Algic Morphology min Minangkabau 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -1.000 101.000 Malayic Austronesian Morphology miy Miya 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 10.917 9.667 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Morphology mok Mokilese 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 6.667 159.750 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology moo Mooré 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 12.833 -1.250 Gur Niger-Congo Morphology mos Mosetén 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -14.750 -67.833 Mosetenan Mosetenan Morphology amp Arrernte (Mparntwe) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -24.000 136.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology muh Muher 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 8.167 38.167 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology mpa Murrinh-Patha 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -14.667 129.667 Murrinh-Patha Australian Morphology nhc Nahuatl (Central) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 19.000 -98.250 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Morphology nak Nakanai 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -5.583 150.583 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology kho Khoekhoe 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -25.500 18.000 Central Khoisan Khoisan Morphology nnc Nancowry 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 8.050 93.500 Nicobarese Austro-Asiatic Morphology nan Nandi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 0.250 35.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Morphology ngk Ngankikurungkurr 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -14.000 130.500 Southern Daly Australian Morphology nau Nauruan 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -0.500 166.917 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology ndb Ndebele (in South Africa) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -25.333 29.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology ndy Ndyuka 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 4.500 -54.500 Creoles and Pidgins other Morphology nez Nez Perce 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 46.000 -116.000 Sahaptian Penutian Morphology ngl Ngalakan 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -14.250 134.000 Ngalakan Australian Morphology ung Ungarinjin 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -16.333 126.000 Wororan Australian Morphology ngi Ngiyambaa 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -31.750 145.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology nia Nias 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 1.000 97.750 Sumatra Austronesian Morphology rny Runyankore 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -0.500 30.500 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology nuu Nuuchahnulth 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 49.667 -126.667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Morphology nkr Nukuoro 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 3.833 154.917 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology ojs Ojibwa (Severn) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 53.000 -90.000 Algonquian Algic Morphology nug Nunggubuyu 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -13.750 135.667 Nunggubuyu Australian Morphology nyn Nyigina 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -18.000 124.333 Nyulnyulan Australian Morphology oka Okanagan 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 49.500 -118.500 Interior Salish Salishan Morphology olo Olo 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -3.417 142.000 Wapei-Palei Torricelli Morphology oro Orokaiva 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -8.833 148.250 Binanderean Trans-New Guinea Morphology kjn Kunjen 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -16.500 142.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology pms Paamese 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -16.500 168.250 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology pac Pacoh 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 16.417 107.083 Katuic Austro-Asiatic Morphology pai Paiwan 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 22.500 120.833 Paiwanic Austronesian Morphology pnn Pangasinan 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 15.917 120.333 Northern Philippines Austronesian Morphology ood O'odham 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 32.000 -112.000 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Morphology psh Pashto 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 33.000 67.000 Iranian Indo-European Morphology pau Paumarí 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -6.000 -64.000 Arauan Arauan Morphology prs Persian 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 32.000 54.000 Iranian Indo-European Morphology pip Pipil 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 13.833 -89.583 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Morphology pgl Pingilapese 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 6.217 160.700 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology poh Pohnpeian 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 6.883 158.250 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology pul Puluwat 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 7.333 149.333 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology pan Panjabi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 31.000 74.000 Indic Indo-European Morphology qui Quileute 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 47.917 -124.250 Chimakuan Chimakuan Morphology rmb Rembarnga 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -12.833 134.583 Rembarnga Australian Morphology rit Ritharngu 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -12.833 135.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology rot Rotuman 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -12.500 177.067 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology ruk Rukai 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 22.833 120.833 Tsouic Austronesian Morphology shp Sahaptin (Northern) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 46.500 -120.000 Sahaptian Penutian Morphology swi Sawai 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 0.500 128.000 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Morphology sam Samoan 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -13.917 -171.833 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology stl Santali 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 24.500 87.000 Munda Austro-Asiatic Morphology sed Sedang 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 14.833 108.000 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Morphology sml Semelai 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 3.000 103.000 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Morphology shu Shuswap 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 52.000 -120.000 Interior Salish Salishan Morphology mcs Miwok (Central Sierra) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 38.000 -120.333 Miwok Penutian Morphology sry Siraiya 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 23.000 120.250 Paiwanic Austronesian Morphology srn Sirionó 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -15.583 -64.000 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian Morphology sro Siroi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -5.500 146.000 Madang Trans-New Guinea Morphology siu Siuslaw 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 44.000 -124.000 Siuslawan Oregon Coast Morphology som Somali 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 3.000 45.000 Eastern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology ses Sesotho 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -28.000 27.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology put Paiute (Southern) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 37.833 -113.333 Numic Uto-Aztecan Morphology spo Spokane 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 47.667 -117.750 Interior Salish Salishan Morphology squ Squamish 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 49.667 -123.167 Central Salish Salishan Morphology sst Salish (Straits) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 48.750 -123.250 Central Salish Salishan Morphology sun Sundanese 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -7.000 107.000 Sundanese Austronesian Morphology swa Swahili 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -6.500 39.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology swt Swati 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -26.500 31.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology asy Arabic (Syrian) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 34.000 38.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology tag Tagalog 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 15.000 121.000 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Morphology bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 33.000 -5.000 Berber Afro-Asiatic Morphology tml Tamil 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 11.000 78.500 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Morphology tsg Tausug 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 6.000 121.000 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Morphology tmr Temiar 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 5.000 101.500 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Morphology tgk Tigak 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -2.717 150.800 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology tgr Tigré 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 16.500 38.500 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology tig Tigrinya 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 14.500 38.500 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Morphology tha Thai 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 16.000 101.000 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Morphology thw Thao 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 23.883 120.917 Paiwanic Austronesian Morphology tid Tidore 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 0.750 127.500 North Halmaheran West Papuan Morphology til Tillamook 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 45.333 -123.750 Tillamook Salishan Morphology tim Timugon 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 5.000 116.000 Northwest Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Morphology tin Tinrin 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -21.667 165.750 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology tiw Tiwi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -11.500 131.000 Tiwian Australian Morphology tlp Tlapanec 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 17.083 -99.000 Subtiaba-Tlapanec Oto-Manguean Morphology tho Thompson 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 49.750 -121.750 Interior Salish Salishan Morphology toj Tojolabal 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 16.333 -91.500 Mayan Mayan Morphology tng Tongan 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -21.167 -175.167 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology tru Trumai 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -11.917 -53.583 Trumai Trumai Morphology cuu Chuukese 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 7.333 151.750 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology tso Tsou 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 23.500 120.750 Tsouic Austronesian Morphology tuk Tukang Besi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -5.500 123.500 Sulawesi Austronesian Morphology tbb Tübatulabal 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 36.000 -118.333 Tubatulabal Uto-Aztecan Morphology tur Turkish 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 39.000 35.000 Turkic Altaic Morphology tkm Turkmen 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 40.000 58.000 Turkic Altaic Morphology tuv Tuvan 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 52.000 95.000 Turkic Altaic Morphology twa Twana 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 47.667 -122.750 Central Salish Salishan Morphology tze Tzeltal 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 16.833 -92.250 Mayan Mayan Morphology tzo Tzotzil 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 16.500 -92.667 Mayan Mayan Morphology chl Chehalis (Upper) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 46.583 -123.000 Tsamosan Salishan Morphology uhi Uradhi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -11.917 142.417 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology uyg Uyghur 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 40.000 80.000 Turkic Altaic Morphology vie Vietnamese 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 10.500 106.500 Viet-Muong Austro-Asiatic Morphology wat Watjarri 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -26.000 117.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology wry Waray (in Australia) 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -13.167 131.250 Waray Australian Morphology wwy Waray-Waray 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 12.000 125.000 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Morphology wrd Wardaman 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -15.500 131.000 Yangmanic Australian Morphology wrk Warekena 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 1.500 -67.500 Arawakan Arawakan Morphology war Wari' 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -11.333 -65.000 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Morphology wrl Warlpiri 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -20.000 132.333 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology was Washo 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 39.250 -120.000 Washo Washo Morphology wsk Waskia 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -4.500 146.000 Madang Trans-New Guinea Morphology wmu Wik Munkan 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -13.917 141.750 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology wik Wikchamni 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 36.417 -119.083 Yokuts Penutian Morphology xho Xhosa 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -32.000 27.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology yaq Yaqui 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 27.500 -110.250 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Morphology yny Yanyuwa 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -16.417 137.167 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology yid Yidiny 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -17.000 145.750 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology yim Yimas 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -4.667 143.550 Lower Sepik Lower Sepik-Ramu Morphology yin Yindjibarndi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -21.750 117.917 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology yir Yir Yiront 1 Productive full and partial reduplication -14.833 141.833 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology ywl Yawelmani 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 35.417 -119.000 Yokuts Penutian Morphology yor Yoruba 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 8.000 4.333 Defoid Niger-Congo Morphology yuc Yuchi 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 35.750 -86.750 Yuchi Yuchi Morphology yur Yurok 1 Productive full and partial reduplication 41.333 -124.000 Yurok Algic Morphology ain Ainu 2 Full reduplication only 43.000 143.000 Ainu Ainu Morphology arm Armenian (Eastern) 2 Full reduplication only 40.000 45.000 Armenian Indo-European Morphology arw Armenian (Western) 2 Full reduplication only 38.500 43.500 Armenian Indo-European Morphology pkn Paakantyi 2 Full reduplication only -32.500 142.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology bag Bagirmi 2 Full reduplication only 11.667 16.000 Bongo-Bagirmi Nilo-Saharan Morphology bua Burarra 2 Full reduplication only -12.250 134.583 Burarran Australian Morphology brm Burmese 2 Full reduplication only 21.000 96.000 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Morphology err Erromangan 2 Full reduplication only -18.833 169.167 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology fij Fijian 2 Full reduplication only -17.833 178.000 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology gmt Gumatj 2 Full reduplication only -12.500 135.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology hve Huave (San Mateo del Mar) 2 Full reduplication only 16.217 -95.000 Huavean Huavean Morphology qim Quechua (Imbabura) 2 Full reduplication only 0.333 -78.000 Quechuan Quechuan Morphology ind Indonesian 2 Full reduplication only 0.000 106.000 Malayic Austronesian Morphology jpn Japanese 2 Full reduplication only 37.000 140.000 Japanese Japanese Morphology kaa Karó (Arára) 2 Full reduplication only -10.333 -62.000 Ramarama Tupian Morphology cle Chinantec (Lealao) 2 Full reduplication only 17.333 -95.917 Chinantecan Oto-Manguean Morphology luo Luo 2 Full reduplication only -0.500 34.750 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Morphology mym Malayalam 2 Full reduplication only 10.000 76.500 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Morphology mku Maranungku 2 Full reduplication only -13.667 130.000 Western Daly Australian Morphology mny Margany 2 Full reduplication only -27.000 144.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology mrt Martuthunira 2 Full reduplication only -20.833 116.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology mxl Mixtec (Alacatlatzala) 2 Full reduplication only 17.250 -98.583 Mixtecan Oto-Manguean Morphology mwe Mwera 2 Full reduplication only -9.000 39.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology ngw Ngawun 2 Full reduplication only -19.000 141.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology niv Nivkh 2 Full reduplication only 53.333 142.000 Nivkh Nivkh Morphology ppi Pitta Pitta 2 Full reduplication only -22.833 140.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology rap Rapanui 2 Full reduplication only -27.117 -109.367 Oceanic Austronesian Morphology tps Tepehuan (Southeastern) 2 Full reduplication only 23.000 -104.500 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Morphology tsw Tswana 2 Full reduplication only -24.000 26.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology wlf Wolof 2 Full reduplication only 15.250 -16.000 Northern Atlantic Niger-Congo Morphology ynk Yankuntjatjara 2 Full reduplication only -27.000 132.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Morphology cvc Chavacano 2 Full reduplication only 7.000 122.083 Creoles and Pidgins other Morphology zhn Zhuang (Northern) 2 Full reduplication only 24.000 108.000 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Morphology zul Zulu 2 Full reduplication only -30.000 30.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Morphology ccp Cocopa 2 Full reduplication only 32.333 -115.000 Yuman Hokan Morphology agl Aghul 3 No productive reduplication 41.750 47.667 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Morphology adk Andoke 3 No productive reduplication -0.667 -72.000 Andoke Andoke Morphology apu Apurinã 3 No productive reduplication -9.000 -67.000 Arawakan Arawakan Morphology awp Awa Pit 3 No productive reduplication 1.500 -78.250 Barbacoan Barbacoan Morphology bnw Baniwa 3 No productive reduplication 2.667 -66.833 Arawakan Arawakan Morphology brs Barasano 3 No productive reduplication -0.167 -70.667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Morphology bsq Basque 3 No productive reduplication 43.000 -3.000 Basque Basque Morphology car Carib 3 No productive reduplication 5.500 -56.000 Cariban Cariban Morphology ctl Catalan 3 No productive reduplication 41.750 2.000 Romance Indo-European Morphology mja Mixtec (Jamiltepec) 3 No productive reduplication 16.250 -97.833 Mixtecan Oto-Manguean Morphology eng English 3 No productive reduplication 52.000 0.000 Germanic Indo-European Morphology eve Evenki 3 No productive reduplication 56.000 125.000 Tungusic Altaic Morphology fin Finnish 3 No productive reduplication 62.000 25.000 Finnic Uralic Morphology fre French 3 No productive reduplication 48.000 2.000 Romance Indo-European Morphology ger German 3 No productive reduplication 52.000 10.000 Germanic Indo-European Morphology grk Greek (Modern) 3 No productive reduplication 39.000 22.000 Greek Indo-European Morphology hix Hixkaryana 3 No productive reduplication -1.000 -59.000 Cariban Cariban Morphology ika Ika 3 No productive reduplication 10.667 -73.750 Aruak Chibchan Morphology iri Irish 3 No productive reduplication 53.000 -8.000 Celtic Indo-European Morphology ita Italian 3 No productive reduplication 43.000 12.000 Romance Indo-European Morphology kio Kiowa 3 No productive reduplication 37.000 -99.000 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Morphology kfe Koromfe 3 No productive reduplication 14.250 -0.917 Gur Niger-Congo Morphology kro Krongo 3 No productive reduplication 10.500 30.000 Kadugli Kadugli Morphology kut Kutenai 3 No productive reduplication 49.500 -116.000 Kutenai Kutenai Morphology lan Lango 3 No productive reduplication 2.167 33.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Morphology lez Lezgian 3 No productive reduplication 41.667 47.833 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Morphology mne Maidu (Northeast) 3 No productive reduplication 40.000 -120.667 Maiduan Penutian Morphology mam Mam 3 No productive reduplication 15.000 -91.833 Mayan Mayan Morphology mme Mari (Meadow) 3 No productive reduplication 57.000 48.000 Mari Uralic Morphology wch Wichí 3 No productive reduplication -22.500 -62.583 Matacoan Matacoan Morphology moj Mojave 3 No productive reduplication 34.667 -114.583 Yuman Hokan Morphology nav Navajo 3 No productive reduplication 36.167 -108.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Morphology nga Nganasan 3 No productive reduplication 71.000 93.000 Samoyedic Uralic Morphology nsn Nisenan 3 No productive reduplication 39.000 -121.000 Maiduan Penutian Morphology ond Oneida 3 No productive reduplication 43.000 -75.667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Morphology pwn Pawnee 3 No productive reduplication 41.000 -98.667 Caddoan Caddoan Morphology prh Pirahã 3 No productive reduplication -7.000 -62.000 Mura Mura Morphology por Portuguese 3 No productive reduplication 39.000 -8.000 Romance Indo-European Morphology rus Russian 3 No productive reduplication 56.000 38.000 Slavic Indo-European Morphology gae Gaelic (Scots) 3 No productive reduplication 57.000 -4.000 Celtic Indo-European Morphology ser Seri 3 No productive reduplication 29.000 -112.000 Seri Hokan Morphology sla Slave 3 No productive reduplication 67.000 -125.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Morphology spa Spanish 3 No productive reduplication 40.000 -4.000 Romance Indo-European Morphology tnc Tanacross 3 No productive reduplication 63.500 -143.500 Athapaskan Na-Dene Morphology tot Totonac (Misantla) 3 No productive reduplication 19.917 -96.917 Totonacan Totonacan Morphology ntu Nenets (Tundra) 3 No productive reduplication 70.000 76.000 Samoyedic Uralic Morphology wap Wappo 3 No productive reduplication 38.500 -122.500 Wappo Wappo-Yukian Morphology wel Welsh 3 No productive reduplication 52.000 -3.000 Celtic Indo-European Morphology grw Greenlandic (West) 3 No productive reduplication 64.000 -51.000 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Morphology wic Wichita 3 No productive reduplication 33.333 -97.333 Caddoan Caddoan Morphology xav Xavánte 3 No productive reduplication -15.000 -52.500 Ge-Kaingang Macro-Ge Morphology yag Yagua 3 No productive reduplication -3.500 -72.000 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Morphology yan Yana 3 No productive reduplication 40.500 -122.000 Yana Hokan Morphology yko Yukaghir (Kolyma) 3 No productive reduplication 65.750 150.833 Yukaghir Yukaghir Morphology ypk Yup'ik (Central) 3 No productive reduplication 59.500 -160.000 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Morphology zun Zuni 3 No productive reduplication 35.083 -108.833 Zuni Zuni Morphology