Helmbrecht, Johannes. 2011. Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, feature 45A. Available online at http://wals.info/feature/45A Accessed on 2012-02-08. wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area abu Abun 1 No politeness distinction -0.500 132.500 North-Central Bird's Head West Papuan Nominal Categories ala Alamblak 1 No politeness distinction -4.667 143.333 Sepik Hill Sepik Nominal Categories alb Albanian 1 No politeness distinction 41.000 20.000 Albanian Indo-European Nominal Categories ame Amele 1 No politeness distinction -5.250 145.583 Madang Trans-New Guinea Nominal Categories apu Apurinã 1 No politeness distinction -9.000 -67.000 Arawakan Arawakan Nominal Categories aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 1 No politeness distinction 30.000 31.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories asm Asmat 1 No politeness distinction -5.500 138.500 Asmat-Kamoro Trans-New Guinea Nominal Categories aym Aymara 1 No politeness distinction -17.000 -69.000 Aymaran Aymaran Nominal Categories bag Bagirmi 1 No politeness distinction 11.667 16.000 Bongo-Bagirmi Nilo-Saharan Nominal Categories bam Bambara 1 No politeness distinction 12.500 -7.500 Western Mande Niger-Congo Nominal Categories brs Barasano 1 No politeness distinction -0.167 -70.667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Nominal Categories ble Baule 1 No politeness distinction 7.000 -5.000 Kwa Niger-Congo Nominal Categories brh Brahui 1 No politeness distinction 28.500 67.000 Northern Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories bri Bribri 1 No politeness distinction 9.417 -83.000 Talamanca Chibchan Nominal Categories arp Arapesh (Mountain) 1 No politeness distinction -3.467 143.167 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Nominal Categories bur Burushaski 1 No politeness distinction 36.500 74.500 Burushaski Burushaski Nominal Categories ckr Canela-Krahô 1 No politeness distinction -6.000 -46.000 Ge-Kaingang Macro-Ge Nominal Categories cyv Cayuvava 1 No politeness distinction -13.500 -65.500 Cayuvava Cayuvava Nominal Categories cha Chamorro 1 No politeness distinction 13.450 144.750 Chamorro Austronesian Nominal Categories chk Chukchi 1 No politeness distinction 67.000 -173.000 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Nominal Categories cmn Comanche 1 No politeness distinction 33.500 -101.500 Numic Uto-Aztecan Nominal Categories cop Coptic 1 No politeness distinction 26.000 32.000 Egyptian-Coptic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories cre Cree (Plains) 1 No politeness distinction 54.000 -110.000 Algonquian Algic Nominal Categories awp Awa Pit 1 No politeness distinction 1.500 -78.250 Barbacoan Barbacoan Nominal Categories dag Daga 1 No politeness distinction -10.000 149.333 Dagan Dagan Nominal Categories lkt Lakhota 1 No politeness distinction 43.833 -101.833 Siouan Siouan Nominal Categories dni Dani (Lower Grand Valley) 1 No politeness distinction -4.333 138.833 Dani Trans-New Guinea Nominal Categories dmi Dumi 1 No politeness distinction 27.250 86.667 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories dyi Dyirbal 1 No politeness distinction -17.833 145.583 Pama-Nyungan Australian Nominal Categories eng English 1 No politeness distinction 52.000 0.000 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories eve Evenki 1 No politeness distinction 56.000 125.000 Tungusic Altaic Nominal Categories ewe Ewe 1 No politeness distinction 6.333 0.417 Kwa Niger-Congo Nominal Categories fur Fur 1 No politeness distinction 13.500 25.000 Fur Nilo-Saharan Nominal Categories iri Irish 1 No politeness distinction 53.000 -8.000 Celtic Indo-European Nominal Categories gar Garo 1 No politeness distinction 25.667 90.500 Bodo-Garo Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories grb Grebo 1 No politeness distinction 5.000 -8.000 Kru Niger-Congo Nominal Categories gua Guaraní 1 No politeness distinction -26.000 -56.000 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian Nominal Categories goo Gooniyandi 1 No politeness distinction -18.333 126.333 Bunuban Australian Nominal Categories hat Hatam 1 No politeness distinction -1.000 134.000 Hatam West Papuan Nominal Categories hau Hausa 1 No politeness distinction 12.000 7.000 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories haw Hawaiian 1 No politeness distinction 19.583 -155.500 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories heb Hebrew (Modern) 1 No politeness distinction 31.500 34.833 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories hix Hixkaryana 1 No politeness distinction -1.000 -59.000 Cariban Cariban Nominal Categories hmo Hmong Njua 1 No politeness distinction 28.000 105.000 Hmong-Mien Hmong-Mien Nominal Categories igb Igbo 1 No politeness distinction 6.000 7.333 Igboid Niger-Congo Nominal Categories imo Imonda 1 No politeness distinction -3.333 141.167 Border Border Nominal Categories grw Greenlandic (West) 1 No politeness distinction 64.000 -51.000 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Nominal Categories irq Iraqw 1 No politeness distinction -4.000 35.500 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories jak Jakaltek 1 No politeness distinction 15.667 -91.667 Mayan Mayan Nominal Categories jaq Jaqaru 1 No politeness distinction -13.000 -76.000 Aymaran Aymaran Nominal Categories knr Kanuri 1 No politeness distinction 12.000 13.000 Western Saharan Nilo-Saharan Nominal Categories krk Karok 1 No politeness distinction 41.667 -123.000 Karok Karok Nominal Categories kay Kayardild 1 No politeness distinction -17.050 139.500 Tangkic Australian Nominal Categories nbd Nubian (Dongolese) 1 No politeness distinction 18.250 30.750 Nubian Nilo-Saharan Nominal Categories ker Kera 1 No politeness distinction 9.833 15.083 East Chadic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories aco Acoma 1 No politeness distinction 34.917 -107.583 Keresan Keresan Nominal Categories kew Kewa 1 No politeness distinction -6.500 143.833 Engan Trans-New Guinea Nominal Categories kmu Khmu' 1 No politeness distinction 21.000 102.000 Palaung-Khmuic Austro-Asiatic Nominal Categories kio Kiowa 1 No politeness distinction 37.000 -99.000 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Nominal Categories klv Kilivila 1 No politeness distinction -8.500 151.083 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories kis Kisi 1 No politeness distinction 8.833 -10.167 Southern Atlantic Niger-Congo Nominal Categories koa Koasati 1 No politeness distinction 34.833 -85.167 Muskogean Muskogean Nominal Categories kob Kobon 1 No politeness distinction -5.167 144.333 Madang Trans-New Guinea Nominal Categories kmb Kombai 1 No politeness distinction -5.583 140.000 Awju-Dumut Trans-New Guinea Nominal Categories kon Kongo 1 No politeness distinction -5.000 15.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Nominal Categories kut Kutenai 1 No politeness distinction 49.500 -116.000 Kutenai Kutenai Nominal Categories kro Krongo 1 No politeness distinction 10.500 30.000 Kadugli Kadugli Nominal Categories knm Kunama 1 No politeness distinction 14.500 37.000 Kunama Nilo-Saharan Nominal Categories juh Ju|'hoan 1 No politeness distinction -19.000 21.000 Northern Khoisan Khoisan Nominal Categories kji Kurmanji 1 No politeness distinction 38.000 42.000 Iranian Indo-European Nominal Categories lan Lango 1 No politeness distinction 2.167 33.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Nominal Categories lav Lavukaleve 1 No politeness distinction -9.083 159.200 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Nominal Categories lez Lezgian 1 No politeness distinction 41.667 47.833 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Nominal Categories lim Limbu 1 No politeness distinction 27.167 87.750 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories may Maybrat 1 No politeness distinction -1.333 132.500 North-Central Bird's Head West Papuan Nominal Categories mak Makah 1 No politeness distinction 48.333 -124.667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Nominal Categories mal Malagasy 1 No politeness distinction -20.000 47.000 Barito Austronesian Nominal Categories mmb Mangap-Mbula 1 No politeness distinction -5.667 148.083 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories myi Mangarrayi 1 No politeness distinction -14.667 133.500 Mangarrayi Australian Nominal Categories mei Meithei 1 No politeness distinction 24.750 94.000 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories mao Maori 1 No politeness distinction -40.000 176.000 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories map Mapudungun 1 No politeness distinction -38.000 -72.000 Araucanian Araucanian Nominal Categories mar Maricopa 1 No politeness distinction 33.167 -113.167 Yuman Hokan Nominal Categories mrt Martuthunira 1 No politeness distinction -20.833 116.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Nominal Categories msl Masalit 1 No politeness distinction 13.333 22.000 Maban Nilo-Saharan Nominal Categories wch Wichí 1 No politeness distinction -22.500 -62.583 Matacoan Matacoan Nominal Categories mau Maung 1 No politeness distinction -11.917 133.500 Iwaidjan Australian Nominal Categories mss Miwok (Southern Sierra) 1 No politeness distinction 37.500 -120.000 Miwok Penutian Nominal Categories prh Pirahã 1 No politeness distinction -7.000 -62.000 Mura Mura Nominal Categories mrl Murle 1 No politeness distinction 6.500 33.500 Surmic Nilo-Saharan Nominal Categories nez Nez Perce 1 No politeness distinction 46.000 -116.000 Sahaptian Penutian Nominal Categories nti Ngiti 1 No politeness distinction 1.333 30.250 Lendu Nilo-Saharan Nominal Categories noo Noon 1 No politeness distinction 14.833 -16.833 Northern Atlantic Niger-Congo Nominal Categories nug Nunggubuyu 1 No politeness distinction -13.750 135.667 Nunggubuyu Australian Nominal Categories ond Oneida 1 No politeness distinction 43.000 -75.667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Nominal Categories orh Oromo (Harar) 1 No politeness distinction 9.000 42.000 Eastern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories oss Ossetic 1 No politeness distinction 43.000 44.000 Iranian Indo-European Nominal Categories otm Otomí (Mezquital) 1 No politeness distinction 20.167 -99.167 Otomian Oto-Manguean Nominal Categories pai Paiwan 1 No politeness distinction 22.500 120.833 Paiwanic Austronesian Nominal Categories per Pero 1 No politeness distinction 9.583 11.000 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories pip Pipil 1 No politeness distinction 13.833 -89.583 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Nominal Categories pit Pitjantjatjara 1 No politeness distinction -26.000 130.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Nominal Categories pso Pomo (Southeastern) 1 No politeness distinction 39.000 -122.500 Pomoan Hokan Nominal Categories ram Rama 1 No politeness distinction 11.750 -83.750 Rama Chibchan Nominal Categories rap Rapanui 1 No politeness distinction -27.117 -109.367 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories snm Sanuma 1 No politeness distinction 4.500 -64.667 Yanomam Yanomam Nominal Categories sav Savi 1 No politeness distinction 35.000 71.500 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories sup Supyire 1 No politeness distinction 11.500 -5.583 Gur Niger-Congo Nominal Categories snt Sentani 1 No politeness distinction -2.583 140.583 Sentani Sentani Nominal Categories sng Sinaugoro 1 No politeness distinction -9.833 147.833 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories sla Slave 1 No politeness distinction 67.000 -125.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Nominal Categories som Somali 1 No politeness distinction 3.000 45.000 Eastern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories kse Koyraboro Senni 1 No politeness distinction 16.000 0.000 Songhay Nilo-Saharan Nominal Categories kam Kambera 1 No politeness distinction -9.833 120.167 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Nominal Categories swa Swahili 1 No politeness distinction -6.500 39.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Nominal Categories bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 1 No politeness distinction 33.000 -5.000 Berber Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories taw Tawala 1 No politeness distinction -10.333 150.667 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories tiw Tiwi 1 No politeness distinction -11.500 131.000 Tiwian Australian Nominal Categories tli Tlingit 1 No politeness distinction 59.000 -135.000 Tlingit Na-Dene Nominal Categories ura Ura 1 No politeness distinction -18.667 169.083 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories bab Babungo 1 No politeness distinction 6.117 10.417 Bantoid Niger-Congo Nominal Categories wam Wambaya 1 No politeness distinction -18.667 135.750 West Barkly Australian Nominal Categories ngi Ngiyambaa 1 No politeness distinction -31.750 145.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Nominal Categories wra Warao 1 No politeness distinction 9.333 -61.667 Warao Warao Nominal Categories war Wari' 1 No politeness distinction -11.333 -65.000 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Nominal Categories wic Wichita 1 No politeness distinction 33.333 -97.333 Caddoan Caddoan Nominal Categories yag Yagua 1 No politeness distinction -3.500 -72.000 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Nominal Categories yaq Yaqui 1 No politeness distinction 27.500 -110.250 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Nominal Categories yim Yimas 1 No politeness distinction -4.667 143.550 Lower Sepik Lower Sepik-Ramu Nominal Categories yin Yindjibarndi 1 No politeness distinction -21.750 117.917 Pama-Nyungan Australian Nominal Categories yct Yucatec 1 No politeness distinction 20.000 -89.000 Mayan Mayan Nominal Categories yko Yukaghir (Kolyma) 1 No politeness distinction 65.750 150.833 Yukaghir Yukaghir Nominal Categories yur Yurok 1 No politeness distinction 41.333 -124.000 Yurok Algic Nominal Categories zqc Zoque (Copainalá) 1 No politeness distinction 17.000 -93.250 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Nominal Categories zul Zulu 1 No politeness distinction -30.000 30.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Nominal Categories kyl Kayah Li (Eastern) 1 No politeness distinction 19.000 97.500 Karen Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories ain Ainu 2 Binary politeness distinction 43.000 143.000 Ainu Ainu Nominal Categories arm Armenian (Eastern) 2 Binary politeness distinction 40.000 45.000 Armenian Indo-European Nominal Categories bsq Basque 2 Binary politeness distinction 43.000 -3.000 Basque Basque Nominal Categories bto Batak (Toba) 2 Binary politeness distinction 2.500 99.000 Sumatra Austronesian Nominal Categories bre Breton 2 Binary politeness distinction 48.000 -3.000 Celtic Indo-European Nominal Categories mnd Mandarin 2 Binary politeness distinction 34.000 110.000 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories crn Cornish 2 Binary politeness distinction 50.333 -5.000 Celtic Indo-European Nominal Categories ago Angolar 2 Binary politeness distinction 0.250 6.500 Creoles and Pidgins other Nominal Categories dsh Danish 2 Binary politeness distinction 56.000 10.000 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories dut Dutch 2 Binary politeness distinction 52.500 6.000 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories prs Persian 2 Binary politeness distinction 32.000 54.000 Iranian Indo-European Nominal Categories fij Fijian 2 Binary politeness distinction -17.833 178.000 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories fin Finnish 2 Binary politeness distinction 62.000 25.000 Finnic Uralic Nominal Categories fre French 2 Binary politeness distinction 48.000 2.000 Romance Indo-European Nominal Categories gae Gaelic (Scots) 2 Binary politeness distinction 57.000 -4.000 Celtic Indo-European Nominal Categories geo Georgian 2 Binary politeness distinction 42.000 44.000 Kartvelian Kartvelian Nominal Categories ger German 2 Binary politeness distinction 52.000 10.000 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories grk Greek (Modern) 2 Binary politeness distinction 39.000 22.000 Greek Indo-European Nominal Categories ita Italian 2 Binary politeness distinction 43.000 12.000 Romance Indo-European Nominal Categories tay Tayo 2 Binary politeness distinction -22.000 166.333 Creoles and Pidgins other Nominal Categories kas Kashmiri 2 Binary politeness distinction 34.000 76.000 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories khs Khasi 2 Binary politeness distinction 25.500 92.000 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Nominal Categories kfe Koromfe 2 Binary politeness distinction 14.250 -0.917 Gur Niger-Congo Nominal Categories kos Kosraean 2 Binary politeness distinction 5.300 163.000 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories lat Latvian 2 Binary politeness distinction 57.000 24.000 Baltic Indo-European Nominal Categories luv Luvale 2 Binary politeness distinction -12.000 22.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Nominal Categories tab Taba 2 Binary politeness distinction 0.000 127.500 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Nominal Categories mnx Manx 2 Binary politeness distinction 54.167 -4.500 Celtic Indo-European Nominal Categories mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 2 Binary politeness distinction 17.050 -97.583 Mixtecan Oto-Manguean Nominal Categories kha Khalkha 2 Binary politeness distinction 47.000 105.000 Mongolic Altaic Nominal Categories nhh Nahuatl (Huasteca) 2 Binary politeness distinction 22.000 -99.000 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Nominal Categories nhn Nahuatl (North Puebla) 2 Binary politeness distinction 20.000 -98.250 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Nominal Categories kho Khoekhoe 2 Binary politeness distinction -25.500 18.000 Central Khoisan Khoisan Nominal Categories nor Norwegian 2 Binary politeness distinction 61.000 8.000 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories pan Panjabi 2 Binary politeness distinction 31.000 74.000 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories pol Polish 2 Binary politeness distinction 52.000 20.000 Slavic Indo-European Nominal Categories por Portuguese 2 Binary politeness distinction 39.000 -8.000 Romance Indo-European Nominal Categories qim Quechua (Imbabura) 2 Binary politeness distinction 0.333 -78.000 Quechuan Quechuan Nominal Categories rus Russian 2 Binary politeness distinction 56.000 38.000 Slavic Indo-European Nominal Categories san Sango 2 Binary politeness distinction 5.000 18.000 Ubangi Niger-Congo Nominal Categories spa Spanish 2 Binary politeness distinction 40.000 -4.000 Romance Indo-European Nominal Categories sue Suena 2 Binary politeness distinction -7.750 147.550 Binanderean Trans-New Guinea Nominal Categories swe Swedish 2 Binary politeness distinction 60.000 15.000 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories ttn Tetun 2 Binary politeness distinction -9.000 126.000 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Nominal Categories tib Tibetan (Standard Spoken) 2 Binary politeness distinction 30.000 91.000 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories tur Turkish 2 Binary politeness distinction 39.000 35.000 Turkic Altaic Nominal Categories wel Welsh 2 Binary politeness distinction 52.000 -3.000 Celtic Indo-European Nominal Categories yor Yoruba 2 Binary politeness distinction 8.000 4.333 Defoid Niger-Congo Nominal Categories psh Pashto 2 Binary politeness distinction 33.000 67.000 Iranian Indo-European Nominal Categories hin Hindi 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 25.000 77.000 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories hun Hungarian 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 47.000 20.000 Ugric Uralic Nominal Categories knd Kannada 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 14.000 76.000 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories lit Lithuanian 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 55.000 24.000 Baltic Indo-European Nominal Categories mym Malayalam 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 10.000 76.500 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories mhi Marathi 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 19.000 76.000 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories nht Nahuatl (Tetelcingo) 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 19.667 -99.000 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Nominal Categories nep Nepali 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 28.000 85.000 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories poh Pohnpeian 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 6.883 158.250 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories rom Romanian 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 46.000 25.000 Romance Indo-European Nominal Categories tag Tagalog 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 15.000 121.000 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Nominal Categories tml Tamil 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 11.000 78.500 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories tuk Tukang Besi 3 Multiple politeness distinctions -5.500 123.500 Sulawesi Austronesian Nominal Categories urd Urdu 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 25.000 67.000 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories snh Sinhala 3 Multiple politeness distinctions 7.000 80.500 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories brm Burmese 4 Pronouns avoided for politeness 21.000 96.000 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories ind Indonesian 4 Pronouns avoided for politeness 0.000 106.000 Malayic Austronesian Nominal Categories jpn Japanese 4 Pronouns avoided for politeness 37.000 140.000 Japanese Japanese Nominal Categories khm Khmer 4 Pronouns avoided for politeness 12.500 105.000 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Nominal Categories kor Korean 4 Pronouns avoided for politeness 37.500 128.000 Korean Korean Nominal Categories tha Thai 4 Pronouns avoided for politeness 16.000 101.000 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Nominal Categories vie Vietnamese 4 Pronouns avoided for politeness 10.500 106.500 Viet-Muong Austro-Asiatic Nominal Categories