Ekkehard König, Peter Siemund (with Stephan Töpper). 2013. Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/47, Accessed on 2026-06-11.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area abk Abkhaz 2 Differentiated 43.0833333333 41.0 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Nominal Categories afr Afrikaans 1 Identical -31.0 22.0 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories ala Alamblak 1 Identical -4.66666666667 143.333333333 Sepik Hill Sepik Nominal Categories ame Amele 1 Identical -5.25 145.583333333 Mabuso Trans-New Guinea Nominal Categories amh Amharic 1 Identical 10.0 38.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories apu Apurinã 2 Differentiated -9.0 -67.0 Purus Arawakan Nominal Categories arg Arabic (Gulf) 1 Identical 26.0 49.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories arm Armenian (Eastern) 1 Identical 40.0 45.0 Armenian Indo-European Nominal Categories asm Asmat 1 Identical -5.5 138.5 Asmat-Kamrau Bay Asmat-Kamrau Bay Nominal Categories awp Awa Pit 2 Differentiated 1.5 -78.25 Barbacoan Barbacoan Nominal Categories bag Bagirmi 1 Identical 11.6666666667 16.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Nominal Categories bgv Bagvalal 1 Identical 42.5833333333 46.1666666667 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Nominal Categories bsq Basque 2 Differentiated 43.0 -3.0 Basque Basque Nominal Categories bkr Batak (Karo) 2 Differentiated 3.25 98.25 Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands Austronesian Nominal Categories ben Bengali 1 Identical 24.0 90.0 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories brh Brahui 1 Identical 28.5 67.0 Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories bul Bulgarian 2 Differentiated 42.5 25.0 Slavic Indo-European Nominal Categories brm Burmese 1 Identical 21.0 96.0 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories bur Burushaski 1 Identical 36.5 74.5 Burushaski Burushaski Nominal Categories cnl Canela 2 Differentiated -7.0 -45.0 Je Setentrional Macro-Ge Nominal Categories cnt Cantonese 1 Identical 23.0 113.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories ctl Catalan 2 Differentiated 41.75 2.0 Romance Indo-European Nominal Categories cha Chamorro 1 Identical 13.45 144.75 Chamorro Austronesian Nominal Categories cle Chinantec (Lealao) 1 Identical 17.3333333333 -95.9166666667 Chinantecan Oto-Manguean Nominal Categories cmn Comanche 2 Differentiated 33.5 -101.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Nominal Categories coo Coos (Hanis) 2 Differentiated 43.5 -124.166666667 Coosan Oregon Coast Nominal Categories cub Cubeo 2 Differentiated 1.33333333333 -70.5 Tucanoan Tucanoan Nominal Categories dsh Danish 1 Identical 56.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories dre Drehu 2 Differentiated -21.0 167.25 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories dut Dutch 1 Identical 52.5 6.0 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories eng English 1 Identical 52.0 0.0 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories eve Evenki 1 Identical 56.0 125.0 Tungusic Altaic Nominal Categories ewe Ewe 2 Differentiated 6.33333333333 0.416666666667 Gbe Niger-Congo Nominal Categories fij Fijian 2 Differentiated -17.8333333333 178.0 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories fin Finnish 1 Identical 62.0 25.0 Finnic Uralic Nominal Categories fre French 2 Differentiated 48.0 2.0 Romance Indo-European Nominal Categories fur Fur 1 Identical 13.5 25.0 Fur Fur Nominal Categories gar Garo 1 Identical 25.6666666667 90.5 Brahmaputran Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories geo Georgian 1 Identical 42.0 44.0 Kartvelian Kartvelian Nominal Categories ger German 2 Differentiated 52.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories god Godoberi 1 Identical 42.6666666667 46.0833333333 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Nominal Categories goo Gooniyandi 1 Identical -18.3333333333 126.333333333 Bunuban Bunuban Nominal Categories grk Greek (Modern) 2 Differentiated 39.0 22.0 Greek Indo-European Nominal Categories grw Greenlandic (West) 1 Identical 64.0 -51.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Nominal Categories guj Gujarati 1 Identical 23.0 72.0 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories heb Hebrew (Modern) 1 Identical 31.5 34.8333333333 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories hin Hindi 1 Identical 25.0 77.0 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories hix Hixkaryana 2 Differentiated -1.0 -59.0 Cariban Cariban Nominal Categories hmo Hmong Njua 1 Identical 28.0 105.0 Hmongic Hmong-Mien Nominal Categories hun Hungarian 1 Identical 47.0 20.0 Ugric Uralic Nominal Categories ice Icelandic 2 Differentiated 65.0 -17.0 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories imo Imonda 1 Identical -3.33333333333 141.166666667 Border Border Nominal Categories ind Indonesian 1 Identical 0.0 106.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Nominal Categories ing Ingush 1 Identical 43.1666666667 45.0833333333 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Nominal Categories iri Irish 1 Identical 53.0 -8.0 Celtic Indo-European Nominal Categories ita Italian 2 Differentiated 43.0 12.0 Romance Indo-European Nominal Categories jpn Japanese 1 Identical 37.0 140.0 Japanese Japanese Nominal Categories jun Juang 1 Identical 21.3333333333 86.0 Munda Austro-Asiatic Nominal Categories juh Ju|'hoan 1 Identical -19.0 21.0 Ju-Kung Kxa Nominal Categories knd Kannada 1 Identical 14.0 76.0 Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories krk Karok 2 Differentiated 41.6666666667 -123.0 Karok Hokan Nominal Categories kas Kashmiri 1 Identical 34.0 76.0 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories kay Kayardild 1 Identical -17.05 139.5 Tangkic Tangkic Nominal Categories ket Ket 2 Differentiated 64.0 87.0 Yeniseian Yeniseian Nominal Categories kha Khalkha 1 Identical 47.0 105.0 Mongolic Altaic Nominal Categories khs Khasi 2 Differentiated 25.5 92.0 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Nominal Categories khm Khmer 1 Identical 12.5 105.0 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Nominal Categories kmu Khmu' 2 Differentiated 21.0 102.0 Khmuic Austro-Asiatic Nominal Categories kin Kinyarwanda 2 Differentiated -2.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Nominal Categories kio Kiowa 2 Differentiated 37.0 -99.0 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Nominal Categories koa Koasati 2 Differentiated 34.8333333333 -85.1666666667 Muskogean Muskogean Nominal Categories kob Kobon 1 Identical -5.16666666667 144.333333333 Kalam-Kobon Trans-New Guinea Nominal Categories kor Korean 1 Identical 37.5 128.0 Korean Korean Nominal Categories kfe Koromfe 1 Identical 14.25 -0.916666666667 Koromfe Niger-Congo Nominal Categories ktt Kott 2 Differentiated 57.0 94.0 Yeniseian Yeniseian Nominal Categories kch Koyra Chiini 2 Differentiated 17.0 -3.0 Songhay Songhay Nominal Categories kse Koyraboro Senni 2 Differentiated 16.0 0.0 Songhay Songhay Nominal Categories knm Kunama 2 Differentiated 14.5 37.0 Kunama Kunama Nominal Categories kut Kutenai 2 Differentiated 49.5 -116.0 Kutenai Kutenai Nominal Categories lkt Lakhota 2 Differentiated 43.8333333333 -101.833333333 Mississippi Valley Siouan Siouan Nominal Categories lan Lango 1 Identical 2.16666666667 33.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Nominal Categories lat Latvian 2 Differentiated 57.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Nominal Categories lav Lavukaleve 1 Identical -9.08333333333 159.2 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Nominal Categories lez Lezgian 1 Identical 41.6666666667 47.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Nominal Categories lit Lithuanian 2 Differentiated 55.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Nominal Categories luv Luvale 2 Differentiated -12.0 22.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Nominal Categories mal Malagasy 1 Identical -20.0 47.0 Barito Austronesian Nominal Categories mym Malayalam 1 Identical 10.0 76.5 Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories mlt Maltese 1 Identical 35.9166666667 14.4166666667 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories mnd Mandarin 1 Identical 34.0 110.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories mns Mansi 1 Identical 62.0 62.0 Ugric Uralic Nominal Categories mao Maori 2 Differentiated -40.0 176.0 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories map Mapudungun 2 Differentiated -38.0 -72.0 Araucanian Araucanian Nominal Categories mhi Marathi 1 Identical 19.0 76.0 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories mar Maricopa 1 Identical 33.1666666667 -113.166666667 Yuman Hokan Nominal Categories mau Maung 2 Differentiated -11.9166666667 133.5 Iwaidjan Iwaidjan Nominal Categories mei Meithei 1 Identical 24.75 94.0 Manipuri Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 1 Identical 17.05 -97.5833333333 Mixtec Oto-Manguean Nominal Categories miy Miya 1 Identical 10.9166666667 9.66666666667 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories miz Mizo 1 Identical 23.1666666667 92.8333333333 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories mup Mupun 1 Identical 9.5 8.83333333333 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories nht Nahuatl (Tetelcingo) 2 Differentiated 19.6666666667 -99.0 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Nominal Categories nav Navajo 2 Differentiated 36.1666666667 -108.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Nominal Categories ndy Ndyuka 1 Identical 4.5 -54.5 Creoles and Pidgins other Nominal Categories nez Nez Perce 2 Differentiated 46.0 -116.0 Sahaptian Penutian Nominal Categories nti Ngiti 2 Differentiated 1.33333333333 30.25 Lendu Central Sudanic Nominal Categories ngi Ngiyambaa 2 Differentiated -31.75 145.5 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Nominal Categories nko Nkore-Kiga 1 Identical -0.916666666667 29.8333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Nominal Categories nor Norwegian 1 Identical 61.0 8.0 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories nbd Nubian (Dongolese) 2 Differentiated 18.25 30.75 Nubian Eastern Sudanic Nominal Categories nug Nunggubuyu 2 Differentiated -13.75 135.666666667 Nunggubuyu Gunwinyguan Nominal Categories ond Oneida 2 Differentiated 43.0 -75.6666666667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Nominal Categories oya Oriya 1 Identical 21.0 85.0 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories orh Oromo (Harar) 2 Differentiated 9.0 42.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories otm Otomí (Mezquital) 1 Identical 20.1666666667 -99.1666666667 Otomian Oto-Manguean Nominal Categories pan Panjabi 1 Identical 31.0 74.0 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories pau Paumarí 2 Differentiated -6.0 -64.0 Arauan Arauan Nominal Categories prs Persian 1 Identical 32.0 54.0 Iranian Indo-European Nominal Categories prh Pirahã 2 Differentiated -7.0 -62.0 Mura Mura Nominal Categories pit Pitjantjatjara 1 Identical -26.0 130.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Nominal Categories pod Podoko 1 Identical 11.0 14.0833333333 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories pol Polish 2 Differentiated 52.0 20.0 Slavic Indo-European Nominal Categories por Portuguese 2 Differentiated 39.0 -8.0 Romance Indo-European Nominal Categories qhu Quechua (Huallaga) 1 Identical -9.5 -75.5 Quechuan Quechuan Nominal Categories ram Rama 2 Differentiated 11.75 -83.75 Rama Chibchan Nominal Categories rap Rapanui 1 Identical -27.1166666667 -109.366666667 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories rom Romanian 2 Differentiated 46.0 25.0 Romance Indo-European Nominal Categories rus Russian 2 Differentiated 56.0 38.0 Slavic Indo-European Nominal Categories shk Shipibo-Konibo 2 Differentiated -7.5 -75.0 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Nominal Categories shn Shona 2 Differentiated -18.0 31.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Nominal Categories snh Sinhala 1 Identical 7.0 80.5 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories svk Slovak 2 Differentiated 49.0 20.0 Slavic Indo-European Nominal Categories som Somali 2 Differentiated 3.0 45.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories snn Soninke 1 Identical 15.0 -10.5 Western Mande Mande Nominal Categories spa Spanish 2 Differentiated 40.0 -4.0 Romance Indo-European Nominal Categories sue Suena 1 Identical -7.75 147.55 Binanderean Trans-New Guinea Nominal Categories sup Supyire 2 Differentiated 11.5 -5.58333333333 Senufo Niger-Congo Nominal Categories swa Swahili 2 Differentiated -6.5 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Nominal Categories swe Swedish 1 Identical 60.0 15.0 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories tag Tagalog 2 Differentiated 15.0 121.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Nominal Categories tml Tamil 1 Identical 11.0 78.5 Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories tas Tashlhiyt 1 Identical 31.0 -5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories tel Telugu 1 Identical 16.0 79.0 Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories tha Thai 1 Identical 16.0 101.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Nominal Categories tiw Tiwi 1 Identical -11.5 131.0 Tiwian Tiwian Nominal Categories tru Trumai 1 Identical -11.9166666667 -53.5833333333 Trumai Trumai Nominal Categories tsa Tsakhur 1 Identical 41.6666666667 47.1666666667 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Nominal Categories tuk Tukang Besi 1 Identical -5.5 123.5 Celebic Austronesian Nominal Categories tna Turkana 1 Identical 3.0 35.5 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Nominal Categories tur Turkish 1 Identical 39.0 35.0 Turkic Altaic Nominal Categories ung Ungarinjin 1 Identical -16.3333333333 126.0 Worrorran Worrorran Nominal Categories urh Urhobo 1 Identical 5.58333333333 6.0 Edoid Niger-Congo Nominal Categories urk Urubú-Kaapor 2 Differentiated -2.33333333333 -46.5 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Nominal Categories usa Usan 2 Differentiated -4.83333333333 145.166666667 North Adelbert Trans-New Guinea Nominal Categories ven Venda 2 Differentiated -22.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Nominal Categories vie Vietnamese 1 Identical 10.5 106.5 Vietic Austro-Asiatic Nominal Categories wam Wambaya 2 Differentiated -18.6666666667 135.75 Wambayan Mirndi Nominal Categories wra Warao 1 Identical 9.33333333333 -61.6666666667 Warao Warao Nominal Categories war Wari' 2 Differentiated -11.3333333333 -65.0 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Nominal Categories wel Welsh 1 Identical 52.0 -3.0 Celtic Indo-European Nominal Categories wic Wichita 2 Differentiated 33.3333333333 -97.3333333333 Northern Caddoan Caddoan Nominal Categories wlf Wolof 1 Identical 15.25 -16.0 Wolof Niger-Congo Nominal Categories yaq Yaqui 2 Differentiated 27.5 -110.25 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Nominal Categories ydd Yiddish 2 Differentiated 52.0 23.0 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories yim Yimas 1 Identical -4.66666666667 143.55 Lower Sepik Ramu-Lower Sepik Nominal Categories yor Yoruba 2 Differentiated 8.0 4.33333333333 Defoid Niger-Congo Nominal Categories zqc Zoque (Copainalá) 2 Differentiated 17.0 -93.25 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Nominal Categories zul Zulu 2 Differentiated -30.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Nominal Categories