Ian Maddieson. 2013. Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/4, Accessed on 2026-06-10.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area xoo !Xóõ 2 In plosives alone -24.0 21.5 Tu Tu Phonology ani //Ani 2 In plosives alone -18.9166666667 21.9166666667 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Phonology abi Abipón 1 No voicing contrast -29.0 -61.0 Abipon Guaicuruan Phonology abk Abkhaz 4 In both plosives and fricatives 43.0833333333 41.0 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Phonology acm Achumawi 1 No voicing contrast 41.5 -121.0 Achumawi Hokan Phonology ach Aché 1 No voicing contrast -25.25 -55.1666666667 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Phonology aco Acoma 1 No voicing contrast 34.9166666667 -107.583333333 Keresan Keresan Phonology adz Adzera 2 In plosives alone -6.25 146.25 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology agh Aghem 4 In both plosives and fricatives 6.66666666667 10.0 Wide Grassfields Niger-Congo Phonology aht Ahtna 3 In fricatives alone 62.0 -145.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Phonology aik Aikaná 4 In both plosives and fricatives -12.6666666667 -60.6666666667 Aikaná Aikaná Phonology ain Ainu 1 No voicing contrast 43.0 143.0 Ainu Ainu Phonology aiz Aizi 4 In both plosives and fricatives 5.25 -4.5 Kru Niger-Congo Phonology akn Akan 2 In plosives alone 6.5 -1.25 Tano Niger-Congo Phonology akw Akawaio 4 In both plosives and fricatives 6.0 -59.5 Cariban Cariban Phonology abm Alabama 2 In plosives alone 32.3333333333 -87.4166666667 Muskogean Muskogean Phonology ala Alamblak 2 In plosives alone -4.66666666667 143.333333333 Sepik Hill Sepik Phonology alw Alawa 1 No voicing contrast -15.1666666667 134.25 Mara Mangarrayi-Maran Phonology alb Albanian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 41.0 20.0 Albanian Indo-European Phonology aea Aleut (Eastern) 3 In fricatives alone 54.75 -164.0 Aleut Eskimo-Aleut Phonology ald Alladian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 5.16666666667 -4.33333333333 Avikam-Alladian Niger-Congo Phonology amc Amahuaca 1 No voicing contrast -10.5 -72.5 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Phonology ame Amele 2 In plosives alone -5.25 145.583333333 Mabuso Trans-New Guinea Phonology amh Amharic 2 In plosives alone 10.0 38.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Phonology amo Amo 4 In both plosives and fricatives 10.3333333333 8.66666666667 Central Kainji Niger-Congo Phonology amu Amuesha 3 In fricatives alone -10.5 -75.4166666667 Yanesha' Arawakan Phonology amz Amuzgo 1 No voicing contrast 16.8333333333 -98.0 Amuzgoan Oto-Manguean Phonology adk Andoke 2 In plosives alone -0.666666666667 -72.0 Andoke Andoke Phonology ant Angaataha 1 No voicing contrast -7.21666666667 146.25 Angaataha Trans-New Guinea Phonology anc Angas 4 In both plosives and fricatives 9.5 9.5 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Phonology ao Ao 3 In fricatives alone 26.5833333333 94.6666666667 Central Naga Sino-Tibetan Phonology api Apinayé 1 No voicing contrast -5.5 -48.0 Je Setentrional Macro-Ge Phonology apu Apurinã 1 No voicing contrast -9.0 -67.0 Purus Arawakan Phonology arb Arabela 1 No voicing contrast -2.0 -75.1666666667 Zaparoan Zaparoan Phonology aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 30.0 31.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Phonology ana Araona 4 In both plosives and fricatives -12.3333333333 -67.75 Tacanan Pano-Tacanan Phonology arp Arapesh (Mountain) 2 In plosives alone -3.46666666667 143.166666667 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Phonology arc Archi 4 In both plosives and fricatives 42.0 46.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Phonology arm Armenian (Eastern) 3 In fricatives alone 40.0 45.0 Armenian Indo-European Phonology amp Arrernte (Mparntwe) 1 No voicing contrast -24.0 136.0 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology asm Asmat 1 No voicing contrast -5.5 138.5 Asmat-Kamrau Bay Asmat-Kamrau Bay Phonology ata Atayal 3 In fricatives alone 24.5 121.333333333 Atayalic Austronesian Phonology ava Avar 4 In both plosives and fricatives 42.5 46.5 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Phonology awp Awa Pit 3 In fricatives alone 1.5 -78.25 Barbacoan Barbacoan Phonology awn Awngi 4 In both plosives and fricatives 10.8333333333 36.6666666667 Central Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Phonology aym Aymara (Central) 1 No voicing contrast -17.0 -69.0 Aymaran Aymaran Phonology aze Azerbaijani 4 In both plosives and fricatives 40.5 48.5 Turkic Altaic Phonology bag Bagirmi 2 In plosives alone 11.6666666667 16.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Phonology bai Bai 3 In fricatives alone 26.0 100.0 Macro-Bai Sino-Tibetan Phonology baj Bajau (Sama) 2 In plosives alone -4.33333333333 123.0 Sama-Bajaw Austronesian Phonology bki Bakairí 4 In both plosives and fricatives -14.0 -55.0 Cariban Cariban Phonology bam Bambara 4 In both plosives and fricatives 12.5 -7.5 Western Mande Mande Phonology byu Bandjalang (Yugumbir) 1 No voicing contrast -27.9166666667 153.0 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology brd Bardi 1 No voicing contrast -16.5833333333 122.916666667 Nyulnyulan Nyulnyulan Phonology brb Bariba 4 In both plosives and fricatives 10.0 2.5 Baatonum Niger-Congo Phonology bsk Bashkir 4 In both plosives and fricatives 53.0 58.0 Turkic Altaic Phonology bsq Basque 2 In plosives alone 43.0 -3.0 Basque Basque Phonology bkr Batak (Karo) 2 In plosives alone 3.25 98.25 Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands Austronesian Phonology bto Batak (Toba) 2 In plosives alone 2.5 99.0 Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands Austronesian Phonology baw Bawm 4 In both plosives and fricatives 22.5 92.25 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Phonology bee Beembe 3 In fricatives alone -3.91666666667 14.0833333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Phonology bej Beja 2 In plosives alone 18.0 36.0 Beja Afro-Asiatic Phonology bco Bella Coola 1 No voicing contrast 52.5 -126.666666667 Bella Coola Salishan Phonology ben Bengali 2 In plosives alone 24.0 90.0 Indic Indo-European Phonology bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 33.0 -5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Phonology ber Berta 1 No voicing contrast 10.3333333333 34.6666666667 Berta Berta Phonology bir Birom 4 In both plosives and fricatives 9.66666666667 8.83333333333 Benue-Congo Plateau Niger-Congo Phonology bis Bisa 4 In both plosives and fricatives 11.5 -0.5 Eastern Mande Mande Phonology bbf Bobo Madaré (Northern) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 12.4166666666667 -4.3333333333333 Western Mande Mande Phonology bod Bodo 4 In both plosives and fricatives 26.8333333333 92.0 Brahmaputran Sino-Tibetan Phonology brr Bororo 2 In plosives alone -16.0 -57.0 Bororoan Bororoan Phonology brh Brahui 4 In both plosives and fricatives 28.5 67.0 Dravidian Dravidian Phonology bra Brao 1 No voicing contrast 14.1666666667 107.5 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Phonology bre Breton 4 In both plosives and fricatives 48.0 -3.0 Celtic Indo-European Phonology bri Bribri 4 In both plosives and fricatives 9.41666666667 -83.0 Western Isthmic Chibchan Chibchan Phonology brw Bru (Western) 2 In plosives alone 16.75 104.75 Katuic Austro-Asiatic Phonology bul Bulgarian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 42.5 25.0 Slavic Indo-European Phonology bua Burarra 1 No voicing contrast -12.25 134.583333333 Burarran Mangrida Phonology brm Burmese 4 In both plosives and fricatives 21.0 96.0 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Phonology bur Burushaski 4 In both plosives and fricatives 36.5 74.5 Burushaski Burushaski Phonology bet Bété 4 In both plosives and fricatives 6.25 -6.25 Kru Niger-Congo Phonology cac Cacua 1 No voicing contrast 1.08333333333 -70.0 Cacua-Nukak Cacua-Nukak Phonology cad Caddo 2 In plosives alone 33.3333333333 -93.5 Caddo Caddoan Phonology cah Cahuilla 1 No voicing contrast 33.5 -116.25 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Phonology cax Campa (Axininca) 1 No voicing contrast -12.0 -74.0 Pre-Andine Arawakan Arawakan Phonology cam Camsá 2 In plosives alone 1.16666666667 -77.0 Camsá Camsá Phonology cnl Canela 1 No voicing contrast -7.0 -45.0 Je Setentrional Macro-Ge Phonology cnt Cantonese 1 No voicing contrast 23.0 113.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Phonology car Carib 2 In plosives alone 5.5 -56.0 Cariban Cariban Phonology ctl Catalan 4 In both plosives and fricatives 41.75 2.0 Romance Indo-European Phonology cay Cayapa 2 In plosives alone 0.666666666667 -79.0 Barbacoan Barbacoan Phonology cyv Cayuvava 2 In plosives alone -13.5 -65.5 Cayuvava Cayuvava Phonology chw Cham (Western) 1 No voicing contrast 12.0 105.5 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Phonology cha Chamorro 2 In plosives alone 13.45 144.75 Chamorro Austronesian Phonology cso Chatino (Sierra Occidental) 2 In plosives alone 16.25 -97.3333333333 Zapotecan Oto-Manguean Phonology chl Chehalis (Upper) 1 No voicing contrast 46.5833333333 -123.0 Tsamosan Salishan Phonology che Cherokee 1 No voicing contrast 35.5 -83.5 Southern Iroquoian Iroquoian Phonology cck Chickasaw 2 In plosives alone 34.0 -88.0 Muskogean Muskogean Phonology cti Chin (Tiddim) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 23.3333333333 93.6666666667 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Phonology cle Chinantec (Lealao) 2 In plosives alone 17.3333333333 -95.9166666667 Chinantecan Oto-Manguean Phonology chq Chinantec (Quiotepec) 3 In fricatives alone 17.5833333333 -96.6666666667 Chinantecan Oto-Manguean Phonology chp Chipewyan 3 In fricatives alone 59.0 -106.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Phonology cve Chuave 2 In plosives alone -6.11666666667 145.116666667 Chimbu-Wahgi Trans-New Guinea Phonology chk Chukchi 1 No voicing contrast 67.0 -173.0 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Phonology chv Chuvash 4 In both plosives and fricatives 55.5 47.5 Turkic Altaic Phonology cil CiLuba 4 In both plosives and fricatives -6.0 22.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Phonology ccp Cocopa 1 No voicing contrast 32.3333333333 -115.0 Yuman Hokan Phonology cof Cofán 4 In both plosives and fricatives 0.166666666667 -77.1666666667 Cofán Cofán Phonology cmn Comanche 1 No voicing contrast 33.5 -101.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Phonology coo Coos (Hanis) 2 In plosives alone 43.5 -124.166666667 Coosan Oregon Coast Phonology cre Cree (Plains) 1 No voicing contrast 54.0 -110.0 Algonquian Algic Phonology cub Cubeo 2 In plosives alone 1.33333333333 -70.5 Tucanoan Tucanoan Phonology dad Dadibi 1 No voicing contrast -6.55 144.583333333 Teberan Teberan-Pawaian Phonology dag Daga 2 In plosives alone -10.0 149.333333333 Dagan Trans-New Guinea Phonology dgb Dagbani 4 In both plosives and fricatives 9.58333333333 -0.5 Oti-Volta Niger-Congo Phonology dgr Dagur 4 In both plosives and fricatives 48.0 124.0 Mongolic Altaic Phonology dah Dahalo 4 In both plosives and fricatives -2.33333333333 40.5 Dahalo Afro-Asiatic Phonology ddf Daju (Dar Fur) 2 In plosives alone 12.25 25.25 Daju Eastern Sudanic Phonology dan Dan 4 In both plosives and fricatives 7.5 -8.0 Eastern Mande Mande Phonology dnw Dangaléat (Western) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 12.1666666667 18.3333333333 East Chadic Afro-Asiatic Phonology dni Dani (Lower Grand Valley) 1 No voicing contrast -4.33333333333 138.833333333 Dani Trans-New Guinea Phonology dar Darai 2 In plosives alone 24.0 84.0 Indic Indo-European Phonology det Deti 2 In plosives alone -20.5 24.5 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Phonology die Diegueño (Mesa Grande) 3 In fricatives alone 32.6666666667 -116.166666667 Yuman Hokan Phonology din Dinka 2 In plosives alone 8.5 28.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Phonology dio Diola-Fogny 2 In plosives alone 13.0 -16.25 Jola Niger-Congo Phonology diy Diyari 1 No voicing contrast -28.0 139.0 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology diz Dizi 4 In both plosives and fricatives 6.16666666667 36.5 Dizoid Afro-Asiatic Phonology djp Djapu 1 No voicing contrast -12.6666666667 136.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology der Dla (Proper) 2 In plosives alone -3.58333333333 141.0 Senagi Senagi Phonology don Dong (Southern) 1 No voicing contrast 27.0 109.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Phonology doy Doyayo 4 In both plosives and fricatives 8.66666666667 13.0833333333 Samba-Duru Niger-Congo Phonology dre Drehu 4 In both plosives and fricatives -21.0 167.25 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology dum Dumo 2 In plosives alone -2.68333333333 141.3 Western Skou Skou Phonology dyi Dyirbal 1 No voicing contrast -17.8333333333 145.583333333 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology efi Efik 2 In plosives alone 4.91666666667 8.5 Lower Cross Niger-Congo Phonology eja Ejagham 2 In plosives alone 5.41666666667 8.66666666667 Ekoid-Mbe Niger-Congo Phonology eka Ekari 1 No voicing contrast -3.83333333333 135.5 Paniai Lakes Trans-New Guinea Phonology eng English 4 In both plosives and fricatives 52.0 0.0 Germanic Indo-European Phonology epe Epena Pedee 2 In plosives alone 3.0 -77.0 Choco Choco Phonology evn Even 2 In plosives alone 68.0 130.0 Tungusic Altaic Phonology eve Evenki 2 In plosives alone 56.0 125.0 Tungusic Altaic Phonology ewe Ewe 4 In both plosives and fricatives 6.33333333333 0.416666666667 Gbe Niger-Congo Phonology ewo Ewondo 4 In both plosives and fricatives 4.0 12.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Phonology eya Eyak 2 In plosives alone 60.5 -145.0 Eyak Na-Dene Phonology fas Fasu 1 No voicing contrast -6.58333333333 143.333333333 Fasu Trans-New Guinea Phonology fef Fe'fe' 4 In both plosives and fricatives 5.25 10.1666666667 Wide Grassfields Niger-Congo Phonology fij Fijian 1 No voicing contrast -17.8333333333 178.0 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology fin Finnish 4 In both plosives and fricatives 62.0 25.0 Finnic Uralic Phonology fre French 4 In both plosives and fricatives 48.0 2.0 Romance Indo-European Phonology ful Fulniô 4 In both plosives and fricatives -8.0 -37.5 Fulniô Fulniô Phonology fur Fur 2 In plosives alone 13.5 25.0 Fur Fur Phonology fuz Fuzhou 1 No voicing contrast 26.0 119.5 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Phonology fye Fyem 3 In fricatives alone 9.58333333333 9.33333333333 Benue-Congo Plateau Niger-Congo Phonology gds Gadsup 1 No voicing contrast -6.25 146.0 Gauwa Trans-New Guinea Phonology gar Garo 2 In plosives alone 25.6666666667 90.5 Brahmaputran Sino-Tibetan Phonology grr Garrwa 1 No voicing contrast -17.0833333333 137.166666667 Garrwan Garrwan Phonology gbb Gbeya Bossangoa 4 In both plosives and fricatives 6.66666666667 17.5 Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka Niger-Congo Phonology gla Gelao 3 In fricatives alone 22.9166666667 105.5 Kadai Tai-Kadai Phonology geo Georgian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 42.0 44.0 Kartvelian Kartvelian Phonology ger German 4 In both plosives and fricatives 52.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Phonology goa Goajiro 1 No voicing contrast 12.0 -72.0 Guajiro-Paraujano Arawakan Phonology goo Gooniyandi 1 No voicing contrast -18.3333333333 126.333333333 Bunuban Bunuban Phonology gan Great Andamanese 2 In plosives alone 12.0 92.6666666667 Great Andamanese Great Andamanese Phonology grb Grebo 2 In plosives alone 5.0 -8.0 Kru Niger-Congo Phonology grk Greek (Modern) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 39.0 22.0 Greek Indo-European Phonology grw Greenlandic (West) 3 In fricatives alone 64.0 -51.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Phonology ghb Guahibo 4 In both plosives and fricatives 5.0 -69.0 Guahiban Guahiban Phonology gmb Guambiano 1 No voicing contrast 2.5 -76.6666666667 Barbacoan Barbacoan Phonology gua Guaraní 3 In fricatives alone -26.0 -56.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Phonology gwa Gwari 4 In both plosives and fricatives 9.5 7.0 Nupoid Niger-Congo Phonology ga Gã 4 In both plosives and fricatives 5.66666666667 -0.166666666667 Ga-Dangme Niger-Congo Phonology had Hadza 2 In plosives alone -3.75 35.1666666667 Hadza Hadza Phonology hai Haida 1 No voicing contrast 53.0 -132.0 Haida Haida Phonology hak Hakka 1 No voicing contrast 25.0 116.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Phonology hmr Hamer 4 In both plosives and fricatives 5.0 36.5 South Omotic Afro-Asiatic Phonology ham Hamtai 1 No voicing contrast -7.5 146.25 Nuclear Angan Trans-New Guinea Phonology hau Hausa 4 In both plosives and fricatives 12.0 7.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Phonology haw Hawaiian 1 No voicing contrast 19.5833333333 -155.5 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology hba Hebrew (Modern Ashkenazic) 2 In plosives alone 31.75 35.1666666667 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Phonology hin Hindi 4 In both plosives and fricatives 25.0 77.0 Indic Indo-European Phonology hix Hixkaryana 2 In plosives alone -1.0 -59.0 Cariban Cariban Phonology hmo Hmong Njua 1 No voicing contrast 28.0 105.0 Hmongic Hmong-Mien Phonology hop Hopi 1 No voicing contrast 36.0 -110.0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Phonology htc Huastec 1 No voicing contrast 22.0833333333 -99.3333333333 Mayan Mayan Phonology hve Huave (San Mateo del Mar) 2 In plosives alone 16.2166666667 -95.0 Huavean Huavean Phonology hum Huitoto (Murui) 4 In both plosives and fricatives -1.0 -73.5 Witoto Witotoan Phonology hun Hungarian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 47.0 20.0 Ugric Uralic Phonology hzb Hunzib 4 In both plosives and fricatives 42.1666666667 46.25 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Phonology hup Hupa 1 No voicing contrast 41.0833333333 -123.666666667 Athapaskan Na-Dene Phonology iaa Iaai 4 In both plosives and fricatives -20.4166666667 166.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology iba Iban 2 In plosives alone 2.0 112.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Phonology igb Igbo 4 In both plosives and fricatives 6.0 7.33333333333 Igboid Niger-Congo Phonology ign Ignaciano 2 In plosives alone -15.1666666667 -65.4166666667 Bolivia-Parana Arawakan Phonology ijo Ijo (Kolokuma) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 4.91666666667 5.66666666667 Ijoid Ijoid Phonology ik Ik 4 In both plosives and fricatives 3.75 34.1666666667 Kuliak Eastern Sudanic Phonology ika Ika 2 In plosives alone 10.6666666667 -73.75 Arhuacic Chibchan Phonology imo Imonda 1 No voicing contrast -3.33333333333 141.166666667 Border Border Phonology ind Indonesian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 0.0 106.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Phonology igs Ingessana 2 In plosives alone 11.5 34.0 Eastern Jebel Eastern Sudanic Phonology ing Ingush 4 In both plosives and fricatives 43.1666666667 45.0833333333 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Phonology irx Iranxe 2 In plosives alone -13.0 -58.0 Iranxe Iranxe Phonology irq Iraqw 2 In plosives alone -4.0 35.5 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Phonology irr Irarutu 1 No voicing contrast -3.0 133.5 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Phonology ird Irish (Donegal) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 55.0 -8.0 Celtic Indo-European Phonology iso Isoko 4 In both plosives and fricatives 5.5 6.25 Edoid Niger-Congo Phonology ite Itelmen 3 In fricatives alone 57.0 157.5 Southern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Phonology ito Itonama 2 In plosives alone -12.8333333333 -64.3333333333 Itonama Itonama Phonology iva Ivatan 2 In plosives alone 20.5 122.0 Batanic Austronesian Phonology iwm Iwam 1 No voicing contrast -4.33333333333 142.0 Iwamic Sepik Phonology jak Jakaltek 1 No voicing contrast 15.6666666667 -91.6666666667 Mayan Mayan Phonology jpn Japanese 4 In both plosives and fricatives 37.0 140.0 Japanese Japanese Phonology jpr Japreria 2 In plosives alone 10.5 -73.0 Cariban Cariban Phonology jaq Jaqaru 1 No voicing contrast -13.0 -76.0 Aymaran Aymaran Phonology jav Javanese 1 No voicing contrast -7.0 111.0 Javanese Austronesian Phonology jeb Jebero 1 No voicing contrast -5.41666666667 -76.5 Cahuapanan Cahuapanan Phonology jeh Jeh 2 In plosives alone 15.1666666667 107.833333333 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Phonology jng Jingpho 2 In plosives alone 25.4166666667 97.0 Brahmaputran Sino-Tibetan Phonology jiv Jivaro 1 No voicing contrast -2.5 -78.0 Jivaroan Jivaroan Phonology jom Jomang 1 No voicing contrast 10.5833333333 30.5 Talodi Kordofanian Phonology juh Ju|'hoan 4 In both plosives and fricatives -19.0 21.0 Ju-Kung Kxa Phonology kek K'ekchí 1 No voicing contrast 16.0 -89.8333333333 Mayan Mayan Phonology kab Kabardian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 43.5 43.5 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Phonology kad Kadugli 4 In both plosives and fricatives 11.0 29.6666666667 Kadugli Kadu Phonology kng Kaingang 1 No voicing contrast -26.0 -52.0 Je Meridional Macro-Ge Phonology kly Kala Lagaw Ya 4 In both plosives and fricatives -10.1166666667 142.116666667 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology kal Kalami 4 In both plosives and fricatives 35.5 72.5 Indic Indo-European Phonology kgu Kalkatungu 1 No voicing contrast -21.0 139.5 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology knk Kanakuru 2 In plosives alone 10.0 12.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Phonology knd Kannada 2 In plosives alone 14.0 76.0 Dravidian Dravidian Phonology knr Kanuri 4 In both plosives and fricatives 12.0 13.0 Western Saharan Saharan Phonology ksg Karen (Sgaw) 3 In fricatives alone 18.0 97.0 Karen Sino-Tibetan Phonology krk Karok 1 No voicing contrast 41.6666666667 -123.0 Karok Hokan Phonology kas Kashmiri 2 In plosives alone 34.0 76.0 Indic Indo-European Phonology kws Kawaiisu 2 In plosives alone 36.0 -117.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Phonology kyl Kayah Li (Eastern) 2 In plosives alone 19.0 97.5 Karen Sino-Tibetan Phonology kay Kayardild 1 No voicing contrast -17.05 139.5 Tangkic Tangkic Phonology ked Kedang 2 In plosives alone -8.25 123.75 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Phonology kef Kefa 2 In plosives alone 7.25 36.25 Ta-Ne-Omotic Afro-Asiatic Phonology ker Kera 4 In both plosives and fricatives 9.83333333333 15.0833333333 East Chadic Afro-Asiatic Phonology ket Ket 2 In plosives alone 64.0 87.0 Yeniseian Yeniseian Phonology kew Kewa 1 No voicing contrast -6.5 143.833333333 Enga_Kewa-Huli Trans-New Guinea Phonology kha Khalkha 4 In both plosives and fricatives 47.0 105.0 Mongolic Altaic Phonology kty Khanty 1 No voicing contrast 65.0 65.0 Ugric Uralic Phonology khr Kharia 2 In plosives alone 22.5 84.3333333333 Munda Austro-Asiatic Phonology khs Khasi 2 In plosives alone 25.5 92.0 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Phonology khm Khmer 1 No voicing contrast 12.5 105.0 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Phonology kmu Khmu' 1 No voicing contrast 21.0 102.0 Khmuic Austro-Asiatic Phonology klv Kilivila 2 In plosives alone -8.5 151.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology kio Kiowa 2 In plosives alone 37.0 -99.0 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Phonology kgz Kirghiz 4 In both plosives and fricatives 42.0 75.0 Turkic Altaic Phonology krb Kiribati 1 No voicing contrast 1.33333333333 173.0 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology kss Kisi (Southern) 1 No voicing contrast 8.5 -10.25 Southern Mel Niger-Congo Phonology kiw Kiwai (Southern) 2 In plosives alone -8.0 143.5 Kiwaian Trans-New Guinea Phonology klm Klamath 2 In plosives alone 42.5 -121.5 Klamath-Modoc Penutian Phonology kla Klao 2 In plosives alone 4.75 -8.75 Kru Niger-Congo Phonology koa Koasati 2 In plosives alone 34.8333333333 -85.1666666667 Muskogean Muskogean Phonology kob Kobon 1 No voicing contrast -5.16666666667 144.333333333 Kalam-Kobon Trans-New Guinea Phonology koh Kohumono 4 In both plosives and fricatives 6.0 8.11666666667 Upper Cross Niger-Congo Phonology koi Koiari 2 In plosives alone -9.5 147.333333333 Koiarian Trans-New Guinea Phonology kzy Komi-Zyrian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 65.0 55.0 Permic Uralic Phonology kom Komo 2 In plosives alone 8.75 33.75 Koman Koman Phonology kkn Konkani 2 In plosives alone 15.25 74.0 Indic Indo-European Phonology kgi Konyagi 4 In both plosives and fricatives 12.5 -13.25 Tenda Niger-Congo Phonology kor Korean 1 No voicing contrast 37.5 128.0 Korean Korean Phonology kfe Koromfe 4 In both plosives and fricatives 14.25 -0.916666666667 Koromfe Niger-Congo Phonology kry Koryak 1 No voicing contrast 61.0 167.0 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Phonology kot Kota 2 In plosives alone 11.5 77.1666666667 Dravidian Dravidian Phonology ktk Kotoko 2 In plosives alone 11.3333333333 15.3333333333 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Phonology koy Koya 2 In plosives alone 17.5 81.3333333333 Dravidian Dravidian Phonology kch Koyra Chiini 2 In plosives alone 17.0 -3.0 Songhay Songhay Phonology kse Koyraboro Senni 2 In plosives alone 16.0 0.0 Songhay Songhay Phonology kpa Kpan 4 In both plosives and fricatives 7.58333333333 10.1666666667 Jukunoid Niger-Congo Phonology kpe Kpelle 4 In both plosives and fricatives 7.0 -10.0 Western Mande Mande Phonology kro Krongo 1 No voicing contrast 10.5 30.0 Kadugli Kadu Phonology kya Kuku-Yalanji 1 No voicing contrast -16.0 145.0 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology kul Kullo 2 In plosives alone 6.75 37.0833333333 Ta-Ne-Omotic Afro-Asiatic Phonology kun Kuna 2 In plosives alone 8.0 -77.3333333333 Kuna Chibchan Phonology knm Kunama 2 In plosives alone 14.5 37.0 Kunama Kunama Phonology kmp Kunimaipa 4 In both plosives and fricatives -8.0 146.833333333 Core Goilalan Trans-New Guinea Phonology krd Kurdish (Central) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 36.0 44.0 Iranian Indo-European Phonology kur Kurukh 2 In plosives alone 22.8333333333 85.5 Dravidian Dravidian Phonology kut Kutenai 1 No voicing contrast 49.5 -116.0 Kutenai Kutenai Phonology kwa Kwaio 1 No voicing contrast -8.95 161.0 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology kwk Kwakw'ala 2 In plosives alone 51.0 -127.0 Northern Wakashan Wakashan Phonology kwo Kwoma 3 In fricatives alone -4.16666666667 142.75 Nukuma Sepik Phonology lad Ladakhi 4 In both plosives and fricatives 34.0 78.0 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Phonology lah Lahu 4 In both plosives and fricatives 20.0 98.1666666667 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Phonology lak Lak 4 In both plosives and fricatives 42.1666666667 47.1666666667 Lak Nakh-Daghestanian Phonology lkt Lakhota 3 In fricatives alone 43.8333333333 -101.833333333 Mississippi Valley Siouan Siouan Phonology lkk Lakkia 1 No voicing contrast 24.0833333333 110.166666667 Kadai Tai-Kadai Phonology lam Lamé 4 In both plosives and fricatives 9.0 14.5 Masa Afro-Asiatic Phonology lan Lango 2 In plosives alone 2.16666666667 33.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Phonology lat Latvian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 57.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Phonology lav Lavukaleve 2 In plosives alone -9.08333333333 159.2 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Phonology llm Lelemi 4 In both plosives and fricatives 7.33333333333 0.5 Na-Togo Niger-Congo Phonology len Lenakel 1 No voicing contrast -19.45 169.25 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology lep Lepcha 4 In both plosives and fricatives 27.1666666667 88.5 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Phonology lez Lezgian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 41.6666666667 47.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Phonology lit Lithuanian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 55.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Phonology lua Lua 2 In plosives alone 9.75 17.75 Bua Niger-Congo Phonology lug Lugbara 4 In both plosives and fricatives 3.08333333333 30.9166666667 Moru-Ma'di Central Sudanic Phonology lui Luiseño 1 No voicing contrast 33.3333333333 -117.166666667 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Phonology luo Luo 2 In plosives alone -0.5 34.75 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Phonology lus Lushootseed 2 In plosives alone 48.0 -122.0 Central Salish Salishan Phonology kkv Lusi 1 No voicing contrast -5.58333333333 149.666666667 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology luv Luvale 3 In fricatives alone -12.0 22.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Phonology lu Lü 4 In both plosives and fricatives 22.0 100.666666667 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Phonology mya Ma'ya 2 In plosives alone -1.25 130.916666667 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Phonology maa Maasai 1 No voicing contrast -3.0 36.0 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Phonology mab Maba 4 In both plosives and fricatives 13.75 20.8333333333 Maban Maban Phonology mne Maidu (Northeast) 1 No voicing contrast 40.0 -120.666666667 Maiduan Penutian Phonology mak Makah 2 In plosives alone 48.3333333333 -124.666666667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Phonology mal Malagasy 4 In both plosives and fricatives -20.0 47.0 Barito Austronesian Phonology mlk Malakmalak 1 No voicing contrast -13.4166666667 130.416666667 Northern Daly Northern Daly Phonology mla Mambila 2 In plosives alone 6.75 11.5 Mambiloid Niger-Congo Phonology mnc Manchu 2 In plosives alone 49.5 127.5 Tungusic Altaic Phonology mnd Mandarin 3 In fricatives alone 34.0 110.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Phonology myi Mangarrayi 1 No voicing contrast -14.6666666667 133.5 Mangarrayi Mangarrayi-Maran Phonology mgg Mangghuer 4 In both plosives and fricatives 36.0 102.0 Mongolic Altaic Phonology mao Maori 1 No voicing contrast -40.0 176.0 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology map Mapudungun 1 No voicing contrast -38.0 -72.0 Araucanian Araucanian Phonology mrn Maranao 2 In plosives alone 7.83333333333 124.25 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Phonology mku Maranungku 1 No voicing contrast -13.6666666667 130.0 Wagaydy Western Daly Phonology mrg Margi 4 In both plosives and fricatives 11.0 13.0 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Phonology mme Mari (Meadow) 3 In fricatives alone 57.0 48.0 Mari Uralic Phonology mar Maricopa 1 No voicing contrast 33.1666666667 -113.166666667 Yuman Hokan Phonology mrd Marind 4 In both plosives and fricatives -7.83333333333 140.166666667 Marind-Yaqay Trans-New Guinea Phonology mrt Martuthunira 1 No voicing contrast -20.8333333333 116.5 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology mau Maung 1 No voicing contrast -11.9166666667 133.5 Iwaidjan Iwaidjan Phonology max Maxakalí 1 No voicing contrast -18.0 -40.0 Maxakalian Macro-Ge Phonology may Maybrat 1 No voicing contrast -1.33333333333 132.5 Maybrat Maybrat Phonology maz Mazahua 1 No voicing contrast 19.4166666667 -99.9166666667 Otomian Oto-Manguean Phonology mzc Mazatec (Chiquihuitlán) 3 In fricatives alone 17.75 -96.9166666667 Popolocan Oto-Manguean Phonology mba Mba 4 In both plosives and fricatives 1.0 25.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Phonology mbb Mbabaram 1 No voicing contrast -17.1666666667 145.0 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology mbm Mbum 4 In both plosives and fricatives 7.75 13.1666666667 Mbumic Niger-Congo Phonology mei Meithei 2 In plosives alone 24.75 94.0 Manipuri Sino-Tibetan Phonology mie Mien 2 In plosives alone 25.0 111.0 Mienic Hmong-Mien Phonology hok Min (Southern) 1 No voicing contrast 25.0 118.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Phonology mss Miwok (Southern Sierra) 1 No voicing contrast 37.5 -120.0 Miwok Penutian Phonology mtp Mixe (Totontepec) 2 In plosives alone 17.25 -96.0 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Phonology mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 17.05 -97.5833333333 Mixtec Oto-Manguean Phonology mxm Mixtec (Molinos) 3 In fricatives alone 17.0 -97.5833333333 Mixtec Oto-Manguean Phonology mog Moghol 4 In both plosives and fricatives 35.0 62.0 Mongolic Altaic Phonology mor Mor 1 No voicing contrast -2.95 135.75 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Phonology mro Moro 2 In plosives alone 11.0 30.1666666667 Heiban Kordofanian Phonology mov Movima 1 No voicing contrast -13.8333333333 -65.6666666667 Movima Movima Phonology mui Muinane 4 In both plosives and fricatives -1.0 -72.5 Boran Boran Phonology mum Mumuye 4 In both plosives and fricatives 9.0 11.6666666667 Mumuye-Yandang Niger-Congo Phonology mun Mundari 2 In plosives alone 23.0 84.6666666667 Munda Austro-Asiatic Phonology mrl Murle 2 In plosives alone 6.5 33.5 South Surmic Eastern Sudanic Phonology mpa Murrinh-Patha 2 In plosives alone -14.6666666667 129.666666667 Murrinh-Patha Southern Daly Phonology nhn Nahuatl (North Puebla) 1 No voicing contrast 20.0 -98.25 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Phonology nht Nahuatl (Tetelcingo) 1 No voicing contrast 19.6666666667 -99.0 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Phonology kho Nama 1 No voicing contrast -25.5 18.0 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Phonology nmb Nambikuára (Southern) 1 No voicing contrast -14.0 -59.5 Nambikuaran Nambikuaran Phonology nai Nanai 2 In plosives alone 49.5 137.0 Tungusic Altaic Phonology nnc Nancowry 1 No voicing contrast 8.05 93.5 Nicobarese Austro-Asiatic Phonology nan Nandi 1 No voicing contrast 0.25 35.0 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Phonology nar Nara (in Ethiopia) 2 In plosives alone 15.0833333333 37.5833333333 Nara Eastern Sudanic Phonology nas Nasioi 1 No voicing contrast -6.33333333333 155.583333333 South Bougainville South Bougainville Phonology nbk Natügu 1 No voicing contrast -10.7833333333 165.866666667 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology nav Navajo 3 In fricatives alone 36.1666666667 -108.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Phonology nax Naxi 4 In both plosives and fricatives 27.5 100.0 Na-Qiangic Sino-Tibetan Phonology ndt Ndut 2 In plosives alone 14.9166666667 -16.9166666667 Cangin Niger-Congo Phonology ndy Ndyuka 4 In both plosives and fricatives 4.5 -54.5 Creoles and Pidgins other Phonology ntu Nenets 2 In plosives alone 70.0 76.0 Samoyedic Uralic Phonology nap Neo-Aramaic (Persian Azerbaijan) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 38.0 47.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Phonology nep Nepali 2 In plosives alone 28.0 85.0 Indic Indo-European Phonology new Newari (Kathmandu) 2 In plosives alone 27.6666666667 85.5 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Phonology nez Nez Perce 1 No voicing contrast 46.0 -116.0 Sahaptian Penutian Phonology nga Nganasan 2 In plosives alone 71.0 93.0 Samoyedic Uralic Phonology nti Ngiti 4 In both plosives and fricatives 1.33333333333 30.25 Lendu Central Sudanic Phonology ngi Ngiyambaa 1 No voicing contrast -31.75 145.5 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology ngz Ngizim 4 In both plosives and fricatives 12.0833333333 10.9166666667 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Phonology nim Nimboran 2 In plosives alone -2.5 140.166666667 Nimboran Nimboran Phonology chu Nivacle 1 No voicing contrast -23.5 -60.5 Matacoan Matacoan Phonology niv Nivkh 3 In fricatives alone 53.3333333333 142.0 Nivkh Nivkh Phonology nko Nkore-Kiga 4 In both plosives and fricatives -0.916666666667 29.8333333333 Bantu Niger-Congo Phonology nob Nobiin 2 In plosives alone 21.0 31.0 Nubian Eastern Sudanic Phonology non Noni 2 In plosives alone 6.41666666667 10.5833333333 Beboid Niger-Congo Phonology nor Norwegian 2 In plosives alone 61.0 8.0 Germanic Indo-European Phonology nun Nung (in Vietnam) 1 No voicing contrast 21.9166666667 106.416666667 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Phonology nug Nunggubuyu 1 No voicing contrast -13.75 135.666666667 Nunggubuyu Gunwinyguan Phonology nuu Nuuchahnulth 1 No voicing contrast 49.6666666667 -126.666666667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Phonology nkt Nyah Kur (Tha Pong) 2 In plosives alone 15.6666666667 101.666666667 Monic Austro-Asiatic Phonology nyg Nyangi 1 No voicing contrast 3.41666666667 33.5833333333 Kuliak Eastern Sudanic Phonology nyi Nyimang 2 In plosives alone 12.1666666667 29.3333333333 Nyimang Eastern Sudanic Phonology nis Nyishi 2 In plosives alone 27.5 93.5 Tani Sino-Tibetan Phonology ood O'odham 2 In plosives alone 32.0 -112.0 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Phonology oca Ocaina 4 In both plosives and fricatives -2.75 -71.75 Witoto Witotoan Phonology ogb Ogbia 4 In both plosives and fricatives 4.66666666667 6.25 Central Delta Niger-Congo Phonology oji Ojibwa (Eastern) 1 No voicing contrast 46.0 -80.0 Algonquian Algic Phonology ond Oneida 1 No voicing contrast 43.0 -75.6666666667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Phonology orm Ormuri 4 In both plosives and fricatives 32.5 69.75 Iranian Indo-European Phonology orh Oromo (Harar) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 9.0 42.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Phonology otm Otomí (Mezquital) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 20.1666666667 -99.1666666667 Otomian Oto-Manguean Phonology pms Paamese 1 No voicing contrast -16.5 168.25 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology pac Pacoh 1 No voicing contrast 16.4166666667 107.083333333 Katuic Austro-Asiatic Phonology pai Paiwan 4 In both plosives and fricatives 22.5 120.833333333 Paiwan Austronesian Phonology pnr Panare 1 No voicing contrast 6.5 -66.0 Cariban Cariban Phonology puk Parauk 4 In both plosives and fricatives 23.25 99.5 Palaungic Austro-Asiatic Phonology psh Pashto 4 In both plosives and fricatives 33.0 67.0 Iranian Indo-European Phonology psm Passamaquoddy-Maliseet 1 No voicing contrast 45.0 -67.0 Algonquian Algic Phonology pau Paumarí 4 In both plosives and fricatives -6.0 -64.0 Arauan Arauan Phonology paw Pawaian 4 In both plosives and fricatives -7.0 145.083333333 Pawaian Teberan-Pawaian Phonology pec Pech 2 In plosives alone 15.0 -85.5 Pech Chibchan Phonology prs Persian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 32.0 54.0 Iranian Indo-European Phonology phl Phlong 4 In both plosives and fricatives 15.0 99.0 Karen Sino-Tibetan Phonology prh Pirahã 2 In plosives alone -7.0 -62.0 Mura Mura Phonology pit Pitjantjatjara 1 No voicing contrast -26.0 130.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology poa Po-Ai 3 In fricatives alone -20.6666666667 164.833333333 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology poh Pohnpeian 1 No voicing contrast 6.88333333333 158.25 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology pol Polish 4 In both plosives and fricatives 52.0 20.0 Slavic Indo-European Phonology pso Pomo (Southeastern) 2 In plosives alone 39.0 -122.5 Pomoan Hokan Phonology pur Purépecha 2 In plosives alone 19.5 -101.666666667 Tarascan Tarascan Phonology pae Páez 1 No voicing contrast 2.66666666667 -76.0 Páezan Páezan Phonology bng Qaqet 1 No voicing contrast -4.58333333333 152.0 Baining Baining Phonology qaw Qawasqar 1 No voicing contrast -49.0 -75.0 Alacalufan Alacalufan Phonology qco Quechua (Cochabamba) 3 In fricatives alone -17.5 -66.0 Quechuan Quechuan Phonology qui Quileute 2 In plosives alone 47.9166666667 -124.25 Chimakuan Chimakuan Phonology ram Rama 2 In plosives alone 11.75 -83.75 Rama Chibchan Phonology rap Rapanui 1 No voicing contrast -27.1166666667 -109.366666667 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology res Resígaro 2 In plosives alone -2.41666666667 -71.5 Japura-Colombia Arawakan Phonology rom Romanian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 46.0 25.0 Romance Indo-European Phonology rsc Romansch (Scharans) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 46.75 9.5 Romance Indo-European Phonology ror Roro 1 No voicing contrast -8.75 146.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology rtk Rotokas 1 No voicing contrast -6.0 155.166666667 North Bougainville North Bougainville Phonology ruk Rukai (Tanan) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 22.8333333333 120.833333333 Rukai Austronesian Phonology rus Russian 4 In both plosives and fricatives 56.0 38.0 Slavic Indo-European Phonology rut Rutul 4 In both plosives and fricatives 41.5 47.4166666667 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Phonology sab Sa'ban 2 In plosives alone 3.66666666667 115.666666667 North Borneo Austronesian Phonology scs Saami (Central-South) 2 In plosives alone 64.6666666667 16.75 Saami Uralic Phonology sdw Sandawe 2 In plosives alone -5.0 35.0 Sandawe Sandawe Phonology san Sango 4 In both plosives and fricatives 5.0 18.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Phonology snm Sanuma 1 No voicing contrast 4.5 -64.6666666667 Yanomam Yanomam Phonology svs Savosavo 3 In fricatives alone -9.13333333333 159.8 Savosavo Solomons East Papuan Phonology seb Sebei 1 No voicing contrast 1.33333333333 34.5833333333 Southern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Phonology sed Sedang 1 No voicing contrast 14.8333333333 108.0 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Phonology slp Selepet 1 No voicing contrast -6.16666666667 147.166666667 Huon Trans-New Guinea Phonology sel Selknam 1 No voicing contrast -53.0 -70.0 Chonan Proper Chonan Phonology skp Selkup 1 No voicing contrast 65.0 82.0 Samoyedic Uralic Phonology sml Semelai 2 In plosives alone 3.0 103.0 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Phonology snd Senadi 4 In both plosives and fricatives 9.5 -6.25 Senufo Niger-Congo Phonology snc Seneca 1 No voicing contrast 42.5 -77.5 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Phonology snt Sentani 2 In plosives alone -2.58333333333 140.583333333 Sentanic Sentanic Phonology sha Shan 1 No voicing contrast 22.0 98.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Phonology shs Shasta 1 No voicing contrast 41.8333333333 -122.666666667 Shasta Hokan Phonology shk Shipibo-Konibo 1 No voicing contrast -7.5 -75.0 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Phonology shi Shiriana 1 No voicing contrast 3.5 -62.8333333333 Yanomam Yanomam Phonology shu Shuswap 1 No voicing contrast 52.0 -120.0 Interior Salish Salishan Phonology sdh Sindhi 4 In both plosives and fricatives 26.0 69.0 Indic Indo-European Phonology snh Sinhala 2 In plosives alone 7.0 80.5 Indic Indo-European Phonology sin Siona 1 No voicing contrast 0.333333333333 -76.25 Tucanoan Tucanoan Phonology srn Sirionó 2 In plosives alone -15.5833333333 -64.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Phonology sla Slave 3 In fricatives alone 67.0 -125.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Phonology som Somali 2 In plosives alone 3.0 45.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Phonology soq Soqotri 4 In both plosives and fricatives 12.5 54.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Phonology sor Sora 2 In plosives alone 20.0 84.3333333333 Munda Austro-Asiatic Phonology spa Spanish 3 In fricatives alone 40.0 -4.0 Romance Indo-European Phonology squ Squamish 1 No voicing contrast 49.6666666667 -123.166666667 Central Salish Salishan Phonology sre Sre 2 In plosives alone 11.5 108.0 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Phonology sue Suena 2 In plosives alone -7.75 147.55 Binanderean Trans-New Guinea Phonology sui Sui 4 In both plosives and fricatives 26.0 107.5 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Phonology sup Supyire 4 In both plosives and fricatives 11.5 -5.58333333333 Senufo Niger-Congo Phonology swa Swahili 4 In both plosives and fricatives -6.5 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Phonology sba Sáliba (in Colombia) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 6.0 -70.0 Sáliba Sáliban Phonology tab Taba 2 In plosives alone 0.0 127.5 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Phonology tac Tacana 2 In plosives alone -13.5 -68.0 Tacanan Pano-Tacanan Phonology tag Tagalog 2 In plosives alone 15.0 121.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Phonology tma Tama 2 In plosives alone 14.5 22.0 Taman Eastern Sudanic Phonology tam Tamang (Eastern) 1 No voicing contrast 27.5 85.666666666667 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Phonology tmp Tampulma 4 In both plosives and fricatives 10.4166666667 -0.583333333333 Grusi Niger-Congo Phonology tok Tarok 4 In both plosives and fricatives 9.0 10.0833333333 Benue-Congo Plateau Niger-Congo Phonology tas Tashlhiyt 4 In both plosives and fricatives 31.0 -5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Phonology tsg Tausug 2 In plosives alone 6.0 121.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Phonology teh Tehuelche 2 In plosives alone -48.0 -68.0 Chonan Proper Chonan Phonology tks Teke (Southern) 2 In plosives alone -2.33333333333 14.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Phonology tel Telugu 2 In plosives alone 16.0 79.0 Dravidian Dravidian Phonology tmn Temein 2 In plosives alone 11.9166666667 29.4166666667 Temein Eastern Sudanic Phonology tne Temne 2 In plosives alone 8.66666666667 -13.0833333333 Northern Mel Niger-Congo Phonology ter Tera 4 In both plosives and fricatives 11.0 11.8333333333 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Phonology ttn Tetun 2 In plosives alone -9.0 126.0 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Phonology tha Thai 2 In plosives alone 16.0 101.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Phonology tib Tibetan (Standard Spoken) 2 In plosives alone 30.0 91.0 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Phonology tic Ticuna 2 In plosives alone -4.0 -70.5 Ticuna Ticuna Phonology tgk Tigak 2 In plosives alone -2.71666666667 150.8 Oceanic Austronesian Phonology tgr Tigré 4 In both plosives and fricatives 16.5 38.5 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Phonology try Tiruray 2 In plosives alone 6.75 124.166666667 Bilic Austronesian Phonology twn Tiwa (Northern) 2 In plosives alone 36.5 -105.5 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Phonology tiw Tiwi 1 No voicing contrast -11.5 131.0 Tiwian Tiwian Phonology tlp Tlapanec 2 In plosives alone 17.0833333333 -99.0 Subtiaba-Tlapanec Oto-Manguean Phonology tli Tlingit 1 No voicing contrast 59.0 -135.0 Tlingit Na-Dene Phonology toa Toaripi 1 No voicing contrast -8.33333333333 146.25 Eleman Eleman Phonology tol Tol 1 No voicing contrast 14.6666666667 -87.0 Tol Tol Phonology ton Tonkawa 1 No voicing contrast 30.25 -96.75 Tonkawa Tonkawa Phonology dts Toro So 2 In plosives alone 14.4166666667 -3.25 Dogon Dogon Phonology tpa Totonac (Papantla) 1 No voicing contrast 20.3333333333 -97.3333333333 Totonacan Totonacan Phonology tru Trumai 2 In plosives alone -11.9166666667 -53.5833333333 Trumai Trumai Phonology tsi Tsimshian (Coast) 2 In plosives alone 52.5 -129.0 Tsimshianic Tsimshianic Phonology tso Tsou 3 In fricatives alone 23.5 120.75 Tsou Austronesian Phonology ttu Tsova-Tush 4 In both plosives and fricatives 42.5 45.5 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Phonology tug Tuareg (Ahaggar) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 23.0 6.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Phonology tuk Tukang Besi 1 No voicing contrast -5.5 123.5 Celebic Austronesian Phonology tul Tulu 2 In plosives alone 12.75 75.3333333333 Dravidian Dravidian Phonology tun Tunica 2 In plosives alone 32.6666666667 -91.0 Tunica Tunica Phonology tur Turkish 4 In both plosives and fricatives 39.0 35.0 Turkic Altaic Phonology tuv Tuvan 2 In plosives alone 52.0 95.0 Turkic Altaic Phonology tza Tzeltal (Aguacatenango) 2 In plosives alone 16.4166666667 -92.5 Mayan Mayan Phonology umb UMbundu 3 In fricatives alone -12.5 15.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Phonology una Una 2 In plosives alone -4.66666666667 140.0 Mek Trans-New Guinea Phonology ung Ungarinjin 1 No voicing contrast -16.3333333333 126.0 Worrorran Worrorran Phonology urk Urubú-Kaapor 1 No voicing contrast -2.33333333333 -46.5 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Phonology usa Usan 2 In plosives alone -4.83333333333 145.166666667 North Adelbert Trans-New Guinea Phonology uzn Uzbek (Northern) 4 In both plosives and fricatives 40.6666666667 66.5 Turkic Altaic Phonology vie Vietnamese 3 In fricatives alone 10.5 106.5 Vietic Austro-Asiatic Phonology wah Wahgi 1 No voicing contrast -5.83333333333 144.716666667 Chimbu-Wahgi Trans-New Guinea Phonology bno Waimaha 2 In plosives alone 0.333333333333 -70.25 Tucanoan Tucanoan Phonology wam Wambaya 1 No voicing contrast -18.6666666667 135.75 Wambayan Mirndi Phonology wnt Wantoat 1 No voicing contrast -6.16666666667 146.5 Finisterre Trans-New Guinea Phonology wao Waorani 2 In plosives alone -1.0 -76.5 Waorani Waorani Phonology wps Wapishana 2 In plosives alone 2.66666666667 -60.0 Negro-Roraima Arawakan Phonology wap Wappo 2 In plosives alone 38.5 -122.5 Wappo Wappo-Yukian Phonology wra Warao 1 No voicing contrast 9.33333333333 -61.6666666667 Warao Warao Phonology wry Waray (in Australia) 1 No voicing contrast -13.1666666667 131.25 Western Gunwinyguan Gunwinyguan Phonology wrd Wardaman 1 No voicing contrast -15.5 131.0 Yangmanic Yangmanic Phonology war Wari' 1 No voicing contrast -11.3333333333 -65.0 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Phonology wrs Waris 1 No voicing contrast -3.16666666667 141.0 Border Border Phonology wma West Makian 2 In plosives alone 0.5 127.583333333 North Halmaheran North Halmaheran Phonology wdo Western Desert (Ooldea) 1 No voicing contrast -30.5 132.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology wic Wichita 1 No voicing contrast 33.3333333333 -97.3333333333 Northern Caddoan Caddoan Phonology wch Wichí 1 No voicing contrast -22.5 -62.5833333333 Matacoan Matacoan Phonology wmu Wik Munkan 1 No voicing contrast -13.9166666667 141.75 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology win Wintu 2 In plosives alone 41.0 -122.5 Wintuan Penutian Phonology wiy Wiyot 1 No voicing contrast 40.8333333333 -124.166666667 Wiyot Algic Phonology woi Woisika 2 In plosives alone -8.25 124.833333333 Alor-Pantar Greater West Bomberai Phonology wlf Wolof 2 In plosives alone 15.25 -16.0 Wolof Niger-Congo Phonology wuc Wu 3 In fricatives alone 31.6666666667 119.916666667 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Phonology ygr Yagaria 2 In plosives alone -6.33333333333 145.416666667 Siane-Yagaria Trans-New Guinea Phonology yag Yagua 1 No voicing contrast -3.5 -72.0 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Phonology ykt Yakut 4 In both plosives and fricatives 62.0 130.0 Turkic Altaic Phonology yan Yana 2 In plosives alone 40.5 -122.0 Yana Hokan Phonology yny Yanyuwa 1 No voicing contrast -16.4166666667 137.166666667 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology yap Yapese 2 In plosives alone 9.58333333333 138.166666667 Yapese Austronesian Phonology yaq Yaqui 2 In plosives alone 27.5 -110.25 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Phonology yar Yareba 2 In plosives alone -9.5 148.5 Yareban Trans-New Guinea Phonology yaw Yawa 2 In plosives alone -1.75 136.25 Yawa Yawa Phonology yay Yay 2 In plosives alone 22.4166666667 104.75 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Phonology yel Yelî Dnye 1 No voicing contrast -11.3666666667 154.166666667 Yele Yele Phonology yes Yessan-Mayo 1 No voicing contrast -4.16666666667 142.583333333 Tama Sepik Sepik Phonology yey Yeyi 4 In both plosives and fricatives -20.0 23.5 Bantu Niger-Congo Phonology yid Yidiny 1 No voicing contrast -17.0 145.75 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Phonology yim Yimas 1 No voicing contrast -4.66666666667 143.55 Lower Sepik Ramu-Lower Sepik Phonology yor Yoruba 2 In plosives alone 8.0 4.33333333333 Defoid Niger-Congo Phonology yct Yucatec 1 No voicing contrast 20.0 -89.0 Mayan Mayan Phonology yuc Yuchi 2 In plosives alone 35.75 -86.75 Yuchi Yuchi Phonology ycn Yucuna 1 No voicing contrast -0.75 -71.0 Japura-Colombia Arawakan Phonology yko Yukaghir (Kolyma) 2 In plosives alone 65.75 150.833333333 Yukaghir Yukaghir Phonology ytu Yukaghir (Tundra) 2 In plosives alone 69.0 155.0 Yukaghir Yukaghir Phonology yul Yulu 4 In both plosives and fricatives 8.5 25.25 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Phonology yus Yupik (Siberian) 3 In fricatives alone 65.0 -173.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Phonology yur Yurok 1 No voicing contrast 41.3333333333 -124.0 Yurok Algic Phonology zan Zande 4 In both plosives and fricatives 4.0 26.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Phonology zqc Zoque (Copainalá) 1 No voicing contrast 17.0 -93.25 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Phonology zul Zulu 3 In fricatives alone -30.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Phonology zun Zuni 1 No voicing contrast 35.0833333333 -108.833333333 Zuni Zuni Phonology