David Gil. 2013. Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/56, Accessed on 2026-06-13.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area abu Abun 2 Formally similar, without interrogative -0.5 132.5 Abun Abun Nominal Categories ain Ainu 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 43.0 143.0 Ainu Ainu Nominal Categories ame Amele 2 Formally similar, without interrogative -5.25 145.583333333 Mabuso Trans-New Guinea Nominal Categories arn Arabic (Borno Nigerian) 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 8.58333333333 12.4166666667 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories amr Arabic (Moroccan) 1 Formally different 34.0 -6.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories arm Armenian (Eastern) 1 Formally different 40.0 45.0 Armenian Indo-European Nominal Categories ath Athpare 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 27.0 87.3333333333 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories bgv Bagvalal 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 42.5833333333 46.1666666667 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Nominal Categories bae Baré 1 Formally different 1.0 -67.0 Japura-Colombia Arawakan Nominal Categories bsk Bashkir 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 53.0 58.0 Turkic Altaic Nominal Categories bsq Basque 1 Formally different 43.0 -3.0 Basque Basque Nominal Categories bkr Batak (Karo) 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 3.25 98.25 Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands Austronesian Nominal Categories beg Begak-Ida'an 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 5.25 118.833333333 North Borneo Austronesian Nominal Categories bel Belhare 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 26.9666666667 87.3 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories brh Brahui 1 Formally different 28.5 67.0 Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories but Buriat 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 52.0 108.0 Mongolic Altaic Nominal Categories brm Burmese 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 21.0 96.0 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories cnt Cantonese 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 23.0 113.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories chk Chukchi 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 67.0 -173.0 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Nominal Categories drg Dargwa 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 42.25 47.4166666667 Dargwic Nakh-Daghestanian Nominal Categories dut Dutch 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 52.5 6.0 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories eng English 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 52.0 0.0 Germanic Indo-European Nominal Categories epe Epena Pedee 1 Formally different 3.0 -77.0 Choco Choco Nominal Categories eve Evenki 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 56.0 125.0 Tungusic Altaic Nominal Categories fin Finnish 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 62.0 25.0 Finnic Uralic Nominal Categories fre French 1 Formally different 48.0 2.0 Romance Indo-European Nominal Categories gaa Gaagudju 1 Formally different -12.5833333333 132.833333333 Gaagudju Gaagudju Nominal Categories geo Georgian 1 Formally different 42.0 44.0 Kartvelian Kartvelian Nominal Categories goo Gooniyandi 2 Formally similar, without interrogative -18.3333333333 126.333333333 Bunuban Bunuban Nominal Categories hai Haida 1 Formally different 53.0 -132.0 Haida Haida Nominal Categories hsl Haisla 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 54.0 -128.75 Northern Wakashan Wakashan Nominal Categories heb Hebrew (Modern) 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 31.5 34.8333333333 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories hin Hindi 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 25.0 77.0 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories hix Hixkaryana 1 Formally different -1.0 -59.0 Cariban Cariban Nominal Categories hun Hungarian 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 47.0 20.0 Ugric Uralic Nominal Categories hzb Hunzib 1 Formally different 42.1666666667 46.25 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Nominal Categories hpd Hup 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 0.166666666667 -69.25 Nadahup Nadahup Nominal Categories ika Ika 1 Formally different 10.6666666667 -73.75 Arhuacic Chibchan Nominal Categories imo Imonda 2 Formally similar, without interrogative -3.33333333333 141.166666667 Border Border Nominal Categories ind Indonesian 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 0.0 106.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Nominal Categories ing Ingush 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 43.1666666667 45.0833333333 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Nominal Categories irq Iraqw 2 Formally similar, without interrogative -4.0 35.5 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories jam Jaminjung 1 Formally different -15.0833333333 130.5 Jaminjungan Mirndi Nominal Categories jpn Japanese 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 37.0 140.0 Japanese Japanese Nominal Categories jaq Jaqaru 3 Formally similar, with interrogative -13.0 -76.0 Aymaran Aymaran Nominal Categories jav Javanese 3 Formally similar, with interrogative -7.0 111.0 Javanese Austronesian Nominal Categories knd Kannada 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 14.0 76.0 Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories knr Kanuri 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 12.0 13.0 Western Saharan Saharan Nominal Categories kay Kayardild 2 Formally similar, without interrogative -17.05 139.5 Tangkic Tangkic Nominal Categories kha Khalkha 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 47.0 105.0 Mongolic Altaic Nominal Categories khm Khmer 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 12.5 105.0 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Nominal Categories koi Koiari 2 Formally similar, without interrogative -9.5 147.333333333 Koiarian Trans-New Guinea Nominal Categories kda Konda 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 19.5 83.0 Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories kku Korku 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 22.5 78.5 Munda Austro-Asiatic Nominal Categories kfe Koromfe 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 14.25 -0.916666666667 Koromfe Niger-Congo Nominal Categories kch Koyra Chiini 1 Formally different 17.0 -3.0 Songhay Songhay Nominal Categories kut Kutenai 1 Formally different 49.5 -116.0 Kutenai Kutenai Nominal Categories lan Lango 1 Formally different 2.16666666667 33.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Nominal Categories lat Latvian 1 Formally different 57.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Nominal Categories lez Lezgian 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 41.6666666667 47.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Nominal Categories lu Lü 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 22.0 100.666666667 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Nominal Categories mal Malagasy 3 Formally similar, with interrogative -20.0 47.0 Barito Austronesian Nominal Categories mym Malayalam 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 10.0 76.5 Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories mnd Mandarin 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 34.0 110.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories mao Maori 1 Formally different -40.0 176.0 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories mhi Marathi 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 19.0 76.0 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories mrg Margi 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 11.0 13.0 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories mar Maricopa 1 Formally different 33.1666666667 -113.166666667 Yuman Hokan Nominal Categories mau Maung 1 Formally different -11.9166666667 133.5 Iwaidjan Iwaidjan Nominal Categories may Maybrat 1 Formally different -1.33333333333 132.5 Maybrat Maybrat Nominal Categories mei Meithei 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 24.75 94.0 Manipuri Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories min Minangkabau 3 Formally similar, with interrogative -1.0 101.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Nominal Categories mos Mosetén 3 Formally similar, with interrogative -14.75 -67.8333333333 Mosetenan Mosetenan Nominal Categories nht Nahuatl (Tetelcingo) 1 Formally different 19.6666666667 -99.0 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Nominal Categories kho Nama 1 Formally different -25.5 18.0 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Nominal Categories ndy Ndyuka 1 Formally different 4.5 -54.5 Creoles and Pidgins other Nominal Categories ngz Ngizim 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 12.0833333333 10.9166666667 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Nominal Categories niv Nivkh 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 53.3333333333 142.0 Nivkh Nivkh Nominal Categories nvs Nivkh (South Sakhalin) 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 47.0 142.5 Nivkh Nivkh Nominal Categories nbd Nubian (Dongolese) 1 Formally different 18.25 30.75 Nubian Eastern Sudanic Nominal Categories nyu Nyulnyul 2 Formally similar, without interrogative -17.0 122.833333333 Nyulnyulan Nyulnyulan Nominal Categories pnr Panare 1 Formally different 6.5 -66.0 Cariban Cariban Nominal Categories pan Panjabi 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 31.0 74.0 Indic Indo-European Nominal Categories pen Pengo 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 19.8333333333 83.8333333333 Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories prs Persian 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 32.0 54.0 Iranian Indo-European Nominal Categories pba Pima Bajo 1 Formally different 29.0 -111.0 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Nominal Categories qhu Quechua (Huallaga) 3 Formally similar, with interrogative -9.5 -75.5 Quechuan Quechuan Nominal Categories qim Quechua (Imbabura) 1 Formally different 0.333333333333 -78.0 Quechuan Quechuan Nominal Categories saw Sawu 1 Formally different -11.5 121.916666667 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Nominal Categories sml Semelai 1 Formally different 3.0 103.0 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Nominal Categories ses Sesotho 3 Formally similar, with interrogative -28.0 27.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Nominal Categories shk Shipibo-Konibo 2 Formally similar, without interrogative -7.5 -75.0 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Nominal Categories sup Supyire 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 11.5 -5.58333333333 Senufo Niger-Congo Nominal Categories tab Taba 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 0.0 127.5 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Nominal Categories tag Tagalog 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 15.0 121.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Nominal Categories tam Tamang (Eastern) 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 27.5 85.666666666667 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Nominal Categories tml Tamil 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 11.0 78.5 Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories tvo Tatar 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 56.0 49.5 Turkic Altaic Nominal Categories taw Tawala 3 Formally similar, with interrogative -10.3333333333 150.666666667 Oceanic Austronesian Nominal Categories tel Telugu 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 16.0 79.0 Dravidian Dravidian Nominal Categories tps Tepehuan (Southeastern) 1 Formally different 23.0 -104.5 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Nominal Categories trb Teribe 1 Formally different 9.33333333333 -82.6666666667 Western Isthmic Chibchan Chibchan Nominal Categories tha Thai 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 16.0 101.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Nominal Categories tiw Tiwi 1 Formally different -11.5 131.0 Tiwian Tiwian Nominal Categories tsi Tsimshian (Coast) 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 52.5 -129.0 Tsimshianic Tsimshianic Nominal Categories tuk Tukang Besi 1 Formally different -5.5 123.5 Celebic Austronesian Nominal Categories tur Turkish 1 Formally different 39.0 35.0 Turkic Altaic Nominal Categories uzb Uzbek 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 39.0 66.0 Turkic Altaic Nominal Categories vaf Vafsi 1 Formally different 34.6666666667 49.9166666667 Iranian Indo-European Nominal Categories vie Vietnamese 3 Formally similar, with interrogative 10.5 106.5 Vietic Austro-Asiatic Nominal Categories war Wari' 1 Formally different -11.3333333333 -65.0 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Nominal Categories was Washo 1 Formally different 39.25 -120.0 Washo Washo Nominal Categories ykt Yakut 2 Formally similar, without interrogative 62.0 130.0 Turkic Altaic Nominal Categories yid Yidiny 2 Formally similar, without interrogative -17.0 145.75 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Nominal Categories yim Yimas 1 Formally different -4.66666666667 143.55 Lower Sepik Ramu-Lower Sepik Nominal Categories zul Zulu 2 Formally similar, without interrogative -30.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Nominal Categories