Martin Haspelmath. 2013. Nominal and Verbal Conjunction.
In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.)
WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591
(Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/64, Accessed on 2026-06-10.)

wals code	name	value	description	latitude	longitude	genus	family	area
abk	Abkhaz	1	Identity	43.0833333333	41.0	Northwest Caucasian	Northwest Caucasian	Nominal Syntax
abu	Abun	1	Identity	-0.5	132.5	Abun	Abun	Nominal Syntax
ace	Acehnese	1	Identity	5.5	95.5	Malayo-Sumbawan	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
aco	Acoma	1	Identity	34.9166666667	-107.583333333	Keresan	Keresan	Nominal Syntax
aga	Agarabi	2	Differentiation	-6.16666666667	146.0	Gauwa	Trans-New Guinea	Nominal Syntax
ain	Ainu	2	Differentiation	43.0	143.0	Ainu	Ainu	Nominal Syntax
ala	Alamblak	2	Differentiation	-4.66666666667	143.333333333	Sepik Hill	Sepik	Nominal Syntax
aly	Alyawarra	2	Differentiation	-22.5	135.0	Central Pama-Nyungan	Pama-Nyungan	Nominal Syntax
aml	Ambae (Lolovoli Northeast)	1	Identity	-15.4166666667	167.883333333	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
ame	Amele	2	Differentiation	-5.25	145.583333333	Mabuso	Trans-New Guinea	Nominal Syntax
apu	Apurinã	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	-9.0	-67.0	Purus	Arawakan	Nominal Syntax
aeg	Arabic (Egyptian)	1	Identity	30.0	31.0	Semitic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
ana	Araona	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	-12.3333333333	-67.75	Tacanan	Pano-Tacanan	Nominal Syntax
alk	Arop-Lokep	1	Identity	-5.38333333333	147.05	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
amp	Arrernte (Mparntwe)	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	-24.0	136.0	Central Pama-Nyungan	Pama-Nyungan	Nominal Syntax
bab	Babungo	2	Differentiation	6.11666666667	10.4166666667	Wide Grassfields	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
bdm	Badimaya	2	Differentiation	-27.6666666667	118.0	Western Pama-Nyungan	Pama-Nyungan	Nominal Syntax
bag	Bagirmi	2	Differentiation	11.6666666667	16.0	Bongo-Bagirmi	Central Sudanic	Nominal Syntax
bak	Baka (in Cameroon)	2	Differentiation	2.58333333333	13.5833333333	Ubangi	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
bvi	Bali-Vitu	2	Differentiation	-4.9	149.116666667	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
bnn	Banoni	2	Differentiation	-6.41666666667	155.25	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
bsq	Basque	1	Identity	43.0	-3.0	Basque	Basque	Nominal Syntax
bkr	Batak (Karo)	1	Identity	3.25	98.25	Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
baw	Bawm	1	Identity	22.5	92.25	Kuki-Chin	Sino-Tibetan	Nominal Syntax
bma	Berber (Middle Atlas)	2	Differentiation	33.0	-5.0	Berber	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
bbw	Bininj Gun-Wok	1	Identity	-12.5	133.75	Marne	Gunwinyguan	Nominal Syntax
boz	Bozo (Tigemaxo)	1	Identity	15.0	-4.0	Western Mande	Mande	Nominal Syntax
brh	Brahui	1	Identity	28.5	67.0	Dravidian	Dravidian	Nominal Syntax
bkt	Brokskat	2	Differentiation	35.3333333333	76.5	Indic	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
bud	Buduma	2	Differentiation	13.5	14.5	Biu-Mandara	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
bum	Buma	1	Identity	-11.6333333333	166.833333333	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
bur	Burushaski	1	Identity	36.5	74.5	Burushaski	Burushaski	Nominal Syntax
bus	Busa	2	Differentiation	9.66666666667	4.0	Eastern Mande	Mande	Nominal Syntax
cah	Cahuilla	1	Identity	33.5	-116.25	Northern Uto-Aztecan	Uto-Aztecan	Nominal Syntax
cnl	Canela	2	Differentiation	-7.0	-45.0	Je Setentrional	Macro-Ge	Nominal Syntax
cnt	Cantonese	2	Differentiation	23.0	113.0	Chinese	Sino-Tibetan	Nominal Syntax
cyg	Cayuga	2	Differentiation	42.75	-76.75	Northern Iroquoian	Iroquoian	Nominal Syntax
cha	Chamorro	1	Identity	13.45	144.75	Chamorro	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
chc	Chechen	1	Identity	43.25	45.8333333333	Nakh	Nakh-Daghestanian	Nominal Syntax
cmh	Chemehuevi	2	Differentiation	34.3333333333	-115.166666667	Northern Uto-Aztecan	Uto-Aztecan	Nominal Syntax
cic	Chichewa	1	Identity	-14.0	34.0	Bantu	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
cch	Chocho	2	Differentiation	17.6666666667	-97.4166666667	Popolocan	Oto-Manguean	Nominal Syntax
chk	Chukchi	1	Identity	67.0	-173.0	Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Chukotko-Kamchatkan	Nominal Syntax
coa	Coahuilteco	1	Identity	28.0	-100.0	Coahuiltecan	Coahuiltecan	Nominal Syntax
coo	Coos (Hanis)	1	Identity	43.5	-124.166666667	Coosan	Oregon Coast	Nominal Syntax
cop	Coptic	2	Differentiation	26.0	32.0	Egyptian-Coptic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
dgb	Dagbani	2	Differentiation	9.58333333333	-0.5	Oti-Volta	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
drg	Dargwa	1	Identity	42.25	47.4166666667	Dargwic	Nakh-Daghestanian	Nominal Syntax
deg	Degema	2	Differentiation	4.75	6.75	Edoid	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
dha	Dhaasanac	2	Differentiation	4.66666666667	36.3333333333	Lowland East Cushitic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
dhi	Dhivehi	2	Differentiation	4.16666666667	73.5	Indic	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
dja	Djabugay	2	Differentiation	-16.75	145.583333333	Northern Pama-Nyungan	Pama-Nyungan	Nominal Syntax
doy	Doyayo	2	Differentiation	8.66666666667	13.0833333333	Samba-Duru	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
dre	Drehu	2	Differentiation	-21.0	167.25	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
dug	Dullay (Gollango)	1	Identity	5.5	37.25	Lowland East Cushitic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
eng	English	1	Identity	52.0	0.0	Germanic	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
err	Erromangan	1	Identity	-18.8333333333	169.166666667	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
eve	Evenki	1	Identity	56.0	125.0	Tungusic	Altaic	Nominal Syntax
ewo	Ewondo	2	Differentiation	4.0	12.0	Bantu	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
fij	Fijian	2	Differentiation	-17.8333333333	178.0	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
fin	Finnish	1	Identity	62.0	25.0	Finnic	Uralic	Nominal Syntax
fon	Fongbe	2	Differentiation	6.41666666667	2.16666666667	Gbe	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
fre	French	1	Identity	48.0	2.0	Romance	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
gap	Gapapaiwa	1	Identity	-9.75	149.833333333	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
gar	Garo	1	Identity	25.6666666667	90.5	Brahmaputran	Sino-Tibetan	Nominal Syntax
geo	Georgian	1	Identity	42.0	44.0	Kartvelian	Kartvelian	Nominal Syntax
ger	German	1	Identity	52.0	10.0	Germanic	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
gol	Gola	1	Identity	7.25	-10.8333333333	Gola	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
goo	Gooniyandi	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	-18.3333333333	126.333333333	Bunuban	Bunuban	Nominal Syntax
grk	Greek (Modern)	1	Identity	39.0	22.0	Greek	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
grw	Greenlandic (West)	1	Identity	64.0	-51.0	Eskimo	Eskimo-Aleut	Nominal Syntax
gua	Guaraní	1	Identity	-26.0	-56.0	Maweti-Guarani	Tupian	Nominal Syntax
guj	Gujarati	1	Identity	23.0	72.0	Indic	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
gnb	Gunbalang	1	Identity	-12.0	134.0	Marne	Gunwinyguan	Nominal Syntax
grg	Gurr-goni	1	Identity	-12.25	134.416666667	Burarran	Mangrida	Nominal Syntax
hai	Haida	2	Differentiation	53.0	-132.0	Haida	Haida	Nominal Syntax
ham	Hamtai	2	Differentiation	-7.5	146.25	Nuclear Angan	Trans-New Guinea	Nominal Syntax
hat	Hatam	2	Differentiation	-1.0	134.0	Hatim-Mansim	Hatim-Mansim	Nominal Syntax
hau	Hausa	2	Differentiation	12.0	7.0	West Chadic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
haw	Hawaiian	1	Identity	19.5833333333	-155.5	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
heb	Hebrew (Modern)	1	Identity	31.5	34.8333333333	Semitic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
hin	Hindi	1	Identity	25.0	77.0	Indic	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
hix	Hixkaryana	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	-1.0	-59.0	Cariban	Cariban	Nominal Syntax
hmo	Hmong Njua	1	Identity	28.0	105.0	Hmongic	Hmong-Mien	Nominal Syntax
hoa	Hoava	2	Differentiation	-8.08333333333	157.5	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
hun	Hungarian	1	Identity	47.0	20.0	Ugric	Uralic	Nominal Syntax
hzb	Hunzib	1	Identity	42.1666666667	46.25	Avar-Andic-Tsezic	Nakh-Daghestanian	Nominal Syntax
ika	Ika	2	Differentiation	10.6666666667	-73.75	Arhuacic	Chibchan	Nominal Syntax
imo	Imonda	2	Differentiation	-3.33333333333	141.166666667	Border	Border	Nominal Syntax
ind	Indonesian	1	Identity	0.0	106.0	Malayo-Sumbawan	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
irq	Iraqw	1	Identity	-4.0	35.5	Southern Cushitic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
ita	Italian	1	Identity	43.0	12.0	Romance	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
itz	Itzaj	1	Identity	17.0	-89.8333333333	Mayan	Mayan	Nominal Syntax
jab	Jabêm	1	Identity	-6.58333333333	147.783333333	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
jak	Jakaltek	2	Differentiation	15.6666666667	-91.6666666667	Mayan	Mayan	Nominal Syntax
jam	Jaminjung	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	-15.0833333333	130.5	Jaminjungan	Mirndi	Nominal Syntax
jpn	Japanese	2	Differentiation	37.0	140.0	Japanese	Japanese	Nominal Syntax
juh	Ju|'hoan	2	Differentiation	-19.0	21.0	Ju-Kung	Kxa	Nominal Syntax
krr	Kairiru	2	Differentiation	-3.33333333333	143.583333333	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
kgu	Kalkatungu	1	Identity	-21.0	139.5	Northern Pama-Nyungan	Pama-Nyungan	Nominal Syntax
kma	Kamaiurá	2	Differentiation	-12.0833333333	-52.5833333333	Maweti-Guarani	Tupian	Nominal Syntax
kam	Kambera	1	Identity	-9.83333333333	120.166666667	Central Malayo-Polynesian	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
kan	Kana	2	Differentiation	4.75	7.41666666667	Ogonoid	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
knd	Kannada	2	Differentiation	14.0	76.0	Dravidian	Dravidian	Nominal Syntax
knr	Kanuri	2	Differentiation	12.0	13.0	Western Saharan	Saharan	Nominal Syntax
kpw	Karen (Pwo)	1	Identity	13.0	99.1666666667	Karen	Sino-Tibetan	Nominal Syntax
krk	Karok	2	Differentiation	41.6666666667	-123.0	Karok	Hokan	Nominal Syntax
kas	Kashmiri	1	Identity	34.0	76.0	Indic	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
ker	Kera	1	Identity	9.83333333333	15.0833333333	East Chadic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
ket	Ket	1	Identity	64.0	87.0	Yeniseian	Yeniseian	Nominal Syntax
kmh	Kham	1	Identity	28.5	82.75	Himalayish	Sino-Tibetan	Nominal Syntax
kty	Khanty	2	Differentiation	65.0	65.0	Ugric	Uralic	Nominal Syntax
khs	Khasi	1	Identity	25.5	92.0	Khasian	Austro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
kmu	Khmu'	2	Differentiation	21.0	102.0	Khmuic	Austro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
krb	Kiribati	2	Differentiation	1.33333333333	173.0	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
koa	Koasati	2	Differentiation	34.8333333333	-85.1666666667	Muskogean	Muskogean	Nominal Syntax
kob	Kobon	2	Differentiation	-5.16666666667	144.333333333	Kalam-Kobon	Trans-New Guinea	Nominal Syntax
kol	Kolami	1	Identity	20.0	78.5	Dravidian	Dravidian	Nominal Syntax
kmb	Kombai	2	Differentiation	-5.58333333333	140.0	Ndeiram	Trans-New Guinea	Nominal Syntax
kor	Korean	2	Differentiation	37.5	128.0	Korean	Korean	Nominal Syntax
kku	Korku	1	Identity	22.5	78.5	Munda	Austro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
kfe	Koromfe	2	Differentiation	14.25	-0.916666666667	Koromfe	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
krw	Korowai	1	Identity	-5.25	140.0	Becking-Dawi	Trans-New Guinea	Nominal Syntax
kse	Koyraboro Senni	2	Differentiation	16.0	0.0	Songhay	Songhay	Nominal Syntax
kro	Krongo	2	Differentiation	10.5	30.0	Kadugli	Kadu	Nominal Syntax
knc	Kugu Nganhcara	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	-14.4166666667	142.0	Northern Pama-Nyungan	Pama-Nyungan	Nominal Syntax
kuk	Kukú	1	Identity	5.83333333333	31.6666666667	Western Nilotic	Eastern Sudanic	Nominal Syntax
kuo	Kuot	1	Identity	-3.05	151.5	Kuot	Kuot	Nominal Syntax
kut	Kutenai	1	Identity	49.5	-116.0	Kutenai	Kutenai	Nominal Syntax
kwa	Kwaio	1	Identity	-8.95	161.0	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
kat	Kâte	1	Identity	-6.5	147.75	Huon	Trans-New Guinea	Nominal Syntax
lai	Lai	2	Differentiation	22.6666666667	93.6666666667	Kuki-Chin	Sino-Tibetan	Nominal Syntax
lak	Lak	1	Identity	42.1666666667	47.1666666667	Lak	Nakh-Daghestanian	Nominal Syntax
lkt	Lakhota	1	Identity	43.8333333333	-101.833333333	Mississippi Valley Siouan	Siouan	Nominal Syntax
lmg	Lamang	2	Differentiation	11.25	13.5833333333	Biu-Mandara	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
lan	Lango	2	Differentiation	2.16666666667	33.0	Western Nilotic	Eastern Sudanic	Nominal Syntax
lat	Latvian	1	Identity	57.0	24.0	Baltic	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
lav	Lavukaleve	1	Identity	-9.08333333333	159.2	Lavukaleve	Solomons East Papuan	Nominal Syntax
laz	Laz	1	Identity	41.5	41.5	Kartvelian	Kartvelian	Nominal Syntax
lel	Lele	2	Differentiation	9.08333333333	15.5833333333	East Chadic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
lep	Lepcha	2	Differentiation	27.1666666667	88.5	Himalayish	Sino-Tibetan	Nominal Syntax
lez	Lezgian	1	Identity	41.6666666667	47.8333333333	Lezgic	Nakh-Daghestanian	Nominal Syntax
lil	Lillooet	2	Differentiation	50.75	-122.0	Interior Salish	Salishan	Nominal Syntax
ara	Lokono	1	Identity	5.5	-55.1666666667	Antillean Arawakan	Arawakan	Nominal Syntax
lgu	Longgu	1	Identity	-9.75	160.666666667	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
lug	Lugbara	2	Differentiation	3.08333333333	30.9166666667	Moru-Ma'di	Central Sudanic	Nominal Syntax
luv	Luvale	2	Differentiation	-12.0	22.0	Bantu	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
mad	Ma'di	2	Differentiation	3.25	31.5	Moru-Ma'di	Central Sudanic	Nominal Syntax
mle	Maale	2	Differentiation	6.0	36.9166666667	Ta-Ne-Omotic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
mdr	Madurese	1	Identity	-7.0	113.5	Malayo-Sumbawan	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
mai	Maithili	1	Identity	26.0	86.0	Indic	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
mym	Malayalam	1	Identity	10.0	76.5	Dravidian	Dravidian	Nominal Syntax
mam	Mam	1	Identity	15.0	-91.8333333333	Mayan	Mayan	Nominal Syntax
mnd	Mandarin	2	Differentiation	34.0	110.0	Chinese	Sino-Tibetan	Nominal Syntax
myi	Mangarrayi	2	Differentiation	-14.6666666667	133.5	Mangarrayi	Mangarrayi-Maran	Nominal Syntax
mgg	Mangghuer	2	Differentiation	36.0	102.0	Mongolic	Altaic	Nominal Syntax
mao	Maori	2	Differentiation	-40.0	176.0	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
map	Mapudungun	1	Identity	-38.0	-72.0	Araucanian	Araucanian	Nominal Syntax
mhi	Marathi	1	Identity	19.0	76.0	Indic	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
mar	Maricopa	2	Differentiation	33.1666666667	-113.166666667	Yuman	Hokan	Nominal Syntax
mrq	Marquesan	2	Differentiation	-8.91666666667	-140.083333333	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
myr	Matsés	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	-5.41666666667	-73.25	Panoan	Pano-Tacanan	Nominal Syntax
may	Maybrat	1	Identity	-1.33333333333	132.5	Maybrat	Maybrat	Nominal Syntax
mby	Mbay	2	Differentiation	8.25	17.5	Bongo-Bagirmi	Central Sudanic	Nominal Syntax
mbi	Mbili	2	Differentiation	6.11666666667	10.2	Wide Grassfields	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
mei	Meithei	2	Differentiation	24.75	94.0	Manipuri	Sino-Tibetan	Nominal Syntax
mid	Midob	2	Differentiation	15.0833333333	26.25	Nubian	Eastern Sudanic	Nominal Syntax
mxc	Mixtec (Chalcatongo)	1	Identity	17.05	-97.5833333333	Mixtec	Oto-Manguean	Nominal Syntax
miy	Miya	2	Differentiation	10.9166666667	9.66666666667	West Chadic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
mcv	Mocoví	1	Identity	-28.0	-60.5	Qom	Guaicuruan	Nominal Syntax
moh	Mohawk	1	Identity	43.5	-74.25	Northern Iroquoian	Iroquoian	Nominal Syntax
mbo	Monumbo	1	Identity	-4.25	145.0	Bogia	Bogia	Nominal Syntax
mos	Mosetén	1	Identity	-14.75	-67.8333333333	Mosetenan	Mosetenan	Nominal Syntax
mun	Mundari	1	Identity	23.0	84.6666666667	Munda	Austro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
mup	Mupun	2	Differentiation	9.5	8.83333333333	West Chadic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
mgu	Musgu	2	Differentiation	10.8333333333	14.9166666667	Biu-Mandara	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
mus	Mussau	1	Identity	-1.45	149.616666667	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
nab	Nabak	1	Identity	-6.41666666667	147.0	Huon	Trans-New Guinea	Nominal Syntax
nag	Nagatman	2	Differentiation	-3.75	141.5	Yale	Yale	Nominal Syntax
nmi	Nahuatl (Mecayapan Isthmus)	1	Identity	18.25	-94.8333333333	Aztecan	Uto-Aztecan	Nominal Syntax
nht	Nahuatl (Tetelcingo)	1	Identity	19.6666666667	-99.0	Aztecan	Uto-Aztecan	Nominal Syntax
kho	Nama	1	Identity	-25.5	18.0	Khoe-Kwadi	Khoe-Kwadi	Nominal Syntax
nmb	Nambikuára (Southern)	1	Identity	-14.0	-59.5	Nambikuaran	Nambikuaran	Nominal Syntax
nav	Navajo	1	Identity	36.1666666667	-108.0	Athapaskan	Na-Dene	Nominal Syntax
ndb	Ndebele	1	Identity	-25.3333333333	29.0	Bantu	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
ndj	Ndjébbana	1	Identity	-12.1666666667	134.116666667	Ndjébbana	Mangrida	Nominal Syntax
nel	Nelemwa	1	Identity	-20.25	164.083333333	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
nep	Nepali	1	Identity	28.0	85.0	Indic	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
nwd	Newar (Dolakha)	2	Differentiation	27.3333333333	86.0	Himalayish	Sino-Tibetan	Nominal Syntax
nez	Nez Perce	2	Differentiation	46.0	-116.0	Sahaptian	Penutian	Nominal Syntax
ngl	Ngalakan	1	Identity	-14.25	134.0	Eastern Gunwinyguan	Gunwinyguan	Nominal Syntax
nha	Nhanda	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	-27.0	114.166666667	Western Pama-Nyungan	Pama-Nyungan	Nominal Syntax
nia	Nias	1	Identity	1.0	97.75	Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
nsg	Nisgha	2	Differentiation	55.0	-130.0	Tsimshianic	Tsimshianic	Nominal Syntax
nif	Niuafo'ou	1	Identity	-15.5666666667	-175.616666667	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
niu	Niuean	1	Identity	-19.05	-170.116666667	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
niv	Nivkh	2	Differentiation	53.3333333333	142.0	Nivkh	Nivkh	Nominal Syntax
nko	Nkore-Kiga	2	Differentiation	-0.916666666667	29.8333333333	Bantu	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
nse	Nsenga	2	Differentiation	-14.5	30.8333333333	Bantu	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
nua	Nuaulu	1	Identity	-3.25	129.166666667	Central Malayo-Polynesian	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
ood	O'odham	1	Identity	32.0	-112.0	Tepiman	Uto-Aztecan	Nominal Syntax
obo	Obolo	1	Identity	4.58333333333	7.83333333333	Lower Cross	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
oji	Ojibwa (Eastern)	1	Identity	46.0	-80.0	Algonquian	Algic	Nominal Syntax
orh	Oromo (Harar)	2	Differentiation	9.0	42.0	Lowland East Cushitic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
otm	Otomí (Mezquital)	1	Identity	20.1666666667	-99.1666666667	Otomian	Oto-Manguean	Nominal Syntax
pms	Paamese	2	Differentiation	-16.5	168.25	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
pno	Paiute (Northern)	2	Differentiation	42.0	-118.0	Northern Uto-Aztecan	Uto-Aztecan	Nominal Syntax
pai	Paiwan	2	Differentiation	22.5	120.833333333	Paiwan	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
pal	Palauan	1	Identity	7.5	134.583333333	Palauan	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
psm	Passamaquoddy-Maliseet	1	Identity	45.0	-67.0	Algonquian	Algic	Nominal Syntax
pec	Pech	2	Differentiation	15.0	-85.5	Pech	Chibchan	Nominal Syntax
per	Pero	2	Differentiation	9.58333333333	11.0	West Chadic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
prs	Persian	1	Identity	32.0	54.0	Iranian	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
prh	Pirahã	1	Identity	-7.0	-62.0	Mura	Mura	Nominal Syntax
pit	Pitjantjatjara	1	Identity	-26.0	130.0	Western Pama-Nyungan	Pama-Nyungan	Nominal Syntax
pop	Popoloca (Metzontla)	1	Identity	18.1666666667	-97.5	Popolocan	Oto-Manguean	Nominal Syntax
pul	Puluwat	1	Identity	7.33333333333	149.333333333	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
pur	Purépecha	1	Identity	19.5	-101.666666667	Tarascan	Tarascan	Nominal Syntax
pae	Páez	2	Differentiation	2.66666666667	-76.0	Páezan	Páezan	Nominal Syntax
qaf	Qafar	2	Differentiation	12.0	42.0	Lowland East Cushitic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
qia	Qiang	1	Identity	32.0	102.666666667	Na-Qiangic	Sino-Tibetan	Nominal Syntax
qhu	Quechua (Huallaga)	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	-9.5	-75.5	Quechuan	Quechuan	Nominal Syntax
qim	Quechua (Imbabura)	1	Identity	0.333333333333	-78.0	Quechuan	Quechuan	Nominal Syntax
ret	Retuarã	2	Differentiation	-0.5	-70.6666666667	Tucanoan	Tucanoan	Nominal Syntax
rot	Rotuman	1	Identity	-12.5	177.066666667	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
rus	Russian	1	Identity	56.0	38.0	Slavic	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
ski	Saami (Kildin)	1	Identity	67.0	37.0	Saami	Uralic	Nominal Syntax
sno	Saami (Northern)	1	Identity	69.0	24.0	Saami	Uralic	Nominal Syntax
syu	Salt-Yui	2	Differentiation	-6.28333333333	145.033333333	Chimbu-Wahgi	Trans-New Guinea	Nominal Syntax
san	Sango	1	Identity	5.0	18.0	Ubangi	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
sgu	Sangu	2	Differentiation	-1.5	11.8333333333	Bantu	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
snm	Sanuma	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	4.5	-64.6666666667	Yanomam	Yanomam	Nominal Syntax
skp	Selkup	1	Identity	65.0	82.0	Samoyedic	Uralic	Nominal Syntax
snt	Sentani	2	Differentiation	-2.58333333333	140.583333333	Sentanic	Sentanic	Nominal Syntax
sho	Shoshone	2	Differentiation	41.0	-114.0	Northern Uto-Aztecan	Uto-Aztecan	Nominal Syntax
sir	Siar	1	Identity	-4.66666666667	152.916666667	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
siu	Siuslaw	1	Identity	44.0	-124.0	Siuslawan	Oregon Coast	Nominal Syntax
sla	Slave	2	Differentiation	67.0	-125.0	Athapaskan	Na-Dene	Nominal Syntax
so	So	2	Differentiation	2.58333333333	34.75	Kuliak	Eastern Sudanic	Nominal Syntax
som	Somali	2	Differentiation	3.0	45.0	Lowland East Cushitic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
sea	Southeast Ambrym	2	Differentiation	-16.3	168.216666667	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
spa	Spanish	1	Identity	40.0	-4.0	Romance	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
squ	Squamish	1	Identity	49.6666666667	-123.166666667	Central Salish	Salishan	Nominal Syntax
sud	Sudest	1	Identity	-11.5	153.45	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
sue	Suena	1	Identity	-7.75	147.55	Binanderean	Trans-New Guinea	Nominal Syntax
sun	Sundanese	1	Identity	-7.0	107.0	Malayo-Sumbawan	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
sup	Supyire	2	Differentiation	11.5	-5.58333333333	Senufo	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
tab	Taba	1	Identity	0.0	127.5	South Halmahera - West New Guinea	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
tag	Tagalog	1	Identity	15.0	121.0	Greater Central Philippine	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
taf	Taiof	1	Identity	-5.53333333333	154.633333333	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
tmm	Tamabo	2	Differentiation	-15.6666666667	167.166666667	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
tml	Tamil	2	Differentiation	11.0	78.5	Dravidian	Dravidian	Nominal Syntax
tao	Tarao	2	Differentiation	24.25	94.1666666667	Kuki-Chin	Sino-Tibetan	Nominal Syntax
tau	Tauya	2	Differentiation	-5.75	145.333333333	Rai Coast	Trans-New Guinea	Nominal Syntax
tps	Tepehuan (Southeastern)	1	Identity	23.0	-104.5	Tepiman	Uto-Aztecan	Nominal Syntax
trb	Teribe	2	Differentiation	9.33333333333	-82.6666666667	Western Isthmic Chibchan	Chibchan	Nominal Syntax
ttn	Tetun	1	Identity	-9.0	126.0	Central Malayo-Polynesian	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
tha	Thai	1	Identity	16.0	101.0	Kam-Tai	Tai-Kadai	Nominal Syntax
tho	Thompson	1	Identity	49.75	-121.75	Interior Salish	Salishan	Nominal Syntax
tis	Tibetan (Shigatse)	1	Identity	29.0	89.0	Bodic	Sino-Tibetan	Nominal Syntax
tid	Tidore	1	Identity	0.75	127.5	North Halmaheran	North Halmaheran	Nominal Syntax
tig	Tigrinya	2	Differentiation	14.5	38.5	Semitic	Afro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
tik	Tikar	1	Identity	5.83333333333	11.6666666667	Tikar	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
tin	Tinrin	1	Identity	-21.6666666667	165.75	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
tiw	Tiwi	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	-11.5	131.0	Tiwian	Tiwian	Nominal Syntax
tlo	Tobelo	1	Identity	1.5	128.5	North Halmaheran	North Halmaheran	Nominal Syntax
tms	Tommo So	2	Differentiation	15.0	-3.0	Dogon	Dogon	Nominal Syntax
txj	Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez)	1	Identity	20.4166666667	-97.8333333333	Totonacan	Totonacan	Nominal Syntax
tru	Trumai	2	Differentiation	-11.9166666667	-53.5833333333	Trumai	Trumai	Nominal Syntax
tst	Tsat	2	Differentiation	18.25	109.5	Malayo-Sumbawan	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
tgn	Tugun	1	Identity	-7.71666666667	126.75	Central Malayo-Polynesian	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
tuk	Tukang Besi	1	Identity	-5.5	123.5	Celebic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
tur	Turkish	1	Identity	39.0	35.0	Turkic	Altaic	Nominal Syntax
tvl	Tuvaluan	2	Differentiation	-8.5	179.166666667	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
tzu	Tzutujil	1	Identity	14.6666666667	-91.3333333333	Mayan	Mayan	Nominal Syntax
udh	Udihe	1	Identity	47.6666666667	136.25	Tungusic	Altaic	Nominal Syntax
udm	Udmurt	1	Identity	57.5	52.5	Permic	Uralic	Nominal Syntax
uli	Ulithian	1	Identity	9.91666666667	139.583333333	Oceanic	Austronesian	Nominal Syntax
uku	Upper Kuskokwim	2	Differentiation	63.0	-157.0	Athapaskan	Na-Dene	Nominal Syntax
urk	Urubú-Kaapor	2	Differentiation	-2.33333333333	-46.5	Maweti-Guarani	Tupian	Nominal Syntax
usa	Usan	1	Identity	-4.83333333333	145.166666667	North Adelbert	Trans-New Guinea	Nominal Syntax
vaf	Vafsi	1	Identity	34.6666666667	49.9166666667	Iranian	Indo-European	Nominal Syntax
vie	Vietnamese	1	Identity	10.5	106.5	Vietic	Austro-Asiatic	Nominal Syntax
wal	Walman	1	Identity	-3.21666666667	142.5	West Palei	Torricelli	Nominal Syntax
wra	Warao	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	9.33333333333	-61.6666666667	Warao	Warao	Nominal Syntax
wrd	Wardaman	2	Differentiation	-15.5	131.0	Yangmanic	Yangmanic	Nominal Syntax
war	Wari'	1	Identity	-11.3333333333	-65.0	Chapacura-Wanham	Chapacura-Wanham	Nominal Syntax
wch	Wichí	2	Differentiation	-22.5	-62.5833333333	Matacoan	Matacoan	Nominal Syntax
wlf	Wolof	2	Differentiation	15.25	-16.0	Wolof	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
yag	Yagua	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	-3.5	-72.0	Peba-Yaguan	Peba-Yaguan	Nominal Syntax
yaq	Yaqui	1	Identity	27.5	-110.25	Cahita	Uto-Aztecan	Nominal Syntax
ywl	Yawelmani	1	Identity	35.4166666667	-119.0	Yokuts	Penutian	Nominal Syntax
ywr	Yawuru	1	Identity	-18.0	122.5	Nyulnyulan	Nyulnyulan	Nominal Syntax
yid	Yidiny	2	Differentiation	-17.0	145.75	Northern Pama-Nyungan	Pama-Nyungan	Nominal Syntax
yim	Yimas	3	Both expressed by juxtaposition	-4.66666666667	143.55	Lower Sepik	Ramu-Lower Sepik	Nominal Syntax
yor	Yoruba	2	Differentiation	8.0	4.33333333333	Defoid	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
yko	Yukaghir (Kolyma)	2	Differentiation	65.75	150.833333333	Yukaghir	Yukaghir	Nominal Syntax
zaq	Zapotec (Quiegolani)	1	Identity	16.1666666667	-96.0833333333	Zapotecan	Oto-Manguean	Nominal Syntax
zch	Zoque (Chimalapa)	1	Identity	16.75	-94.75	Mixe-Zoque	Mixe-Zoque	Nominal Syntax
zul	Zulu	2	Differentiation	-30.0	30.0	Bantu	Niger-Congo	Nominal Syntax
zun	Zuni	2	Differentiation	35.0833333333	-108.833333333	Zuni	Zuni	Nominal Syntax