Östen Dahl, Viveka Velupillai. 2013. The Past Tense. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/66, Accessed on 2026-06-09.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area abi Abipón 4 No past tense -29.0 -61.0 Abipon Guaicuruan Verbal Categories abk Abkhaz 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 43.0833333333 41.0 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Verbal Categories aco Acoma 4 No past tense 34.9166666667 -107.583333333 Keresan Keresan Verbal Categories afr Afrikaans 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -31.0 22.0 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories ain Ainu 4 No past tense 43.0 143.0 Ainu Ainu Verbal Categories akn Akan 4 No past tense 6.5 -1.25 Tano Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ala Alamblak 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -4.66666666667 143.333333333 Sepik Hill Sepik Verbal Categories alw Alawa 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -15.1666666667 134.25 Mara Mangarrayi-Maran Verbal Categories aly Alyawarra 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -22.5 135.0 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Verbal Categories ame Amele 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -5.25 145.583333333 Mabuso Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories amh Amharic 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 10.0 38.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories apu Apurinã 4 No past tense -9.0 -67.0 Purus Arawakan Verbal Categories aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 30.0 31.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories atu Arabic (Tunisian) 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 36.75 10.25 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories ana Araona 4 No past tense -12.3333333333 -67.75 Tacanan Pano-Tacanan Verbal Categories arp Arapesh (Mountain) 4 No past tense -3.46666666667 143.166666667 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Verbal Categories arm Armenian (Eastern) 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 40.0 45.0 Armenian Indo-European Verbal Categories asm Asmat 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -5.5 138.5 Asmat-Kamrau Bay Asmat-Kamrau Bay Verbal Categories atc Atchin 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -16.0 167.333333333 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories avo Avokaya 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 4.66666666667 30.0 Moru-Ma'di Central Sudanic Verbal Categories awp Awa Pit 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 1.5 -78.25 Barbacoan Barbacoan Verbal Categories awn Awngi 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 10.8333333333 36.6666666667 Central Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories aze Azerbaijani 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 40.5 48.5 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories bag Bagirmi 4 No past tense 11.6666666667 16.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Verbal Categories blc Baluchi 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 28.0 62.0 Iranian Indo-European Verbal Categories bnj Bandjalang 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -28.75 153.0 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Verbal Categories brs Barasano 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -0.166666666667 -70.6666666667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Verbal Categories bar Bari 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 5.0 31.6666666667 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Verbal Categories bsq Basque 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 43.0 -3.0 Basque Basque Verbal Categories bej Beja 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 18.0 36.0 Beja Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories ben Bengali 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 24.0 90.0 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 4 No past tense 33.0 -5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories bon Bongu 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -5.5 145.916666667 Rai Coast Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories brh Brahui 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 28.5 67.0 Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories bul Bulgarian 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 42.5 25.0 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories bui Buli (in Indonesia) 4 No past tense 1.0 128.5 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Verbal Categories but Buriat 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 52.0 108.0 Mongolic Altaic Verbal Categories brm Burmese 4 No past tense 21.0 96.0 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories bur Burushaski 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 36.5 74.5 Burushaski Burushaski Verbal Categories cnl Canela 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -7.0 -45.0 Je Setentrional Macro-Ge Verbal Categories cnt Cantonese 4 No past tense 23.0 113.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories ceb Cebuano 4 No past tense 10.0 124.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Verbal Categories cha Chamorro 4 No past tense 13.45 144.75 Chamorro Austronesian Verbal Categories cpn Chepang 4 No past tense 27.6666666667 84.75 Himalayish Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories cyn Cheyenne 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 47.0 -95.0 Algonquian Algic Verbal Categories cpl Chinantec (Palantla) 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 18.8333333333 -96.75 Chinantecan Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories chk Chukchi 4 No past tense 67.0 -173.0 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Verbal Categories cuu Chuukese 4 No past tense 7.33333333333 151.75 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories cbo Chácobo 3 Present, 4 or more remoteness distinctions -12.1666666667 -66.75 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Verbal Categories coc Cocama 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -5.0 -74.5 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Verbal Categories cre Cree (Plains) 4 No past tense 54.0 -110.0 Algonquian Algic Verbal Categories dag Daga 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -10.0 149.333333333 Dagan Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories dni Dani (Lower Grand Valley) 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -4.33333333333 138.833333333 Dani Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories did Didinga 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 4.5 33.5 South Surmic Eastern Sudanic Verbal Categories dio Diola-Fogny 4 No past tense 13.0 -16.25 Jola Niger-Congo Verbal Categories egn Engenni 4 No past tense 5.16666666667 6.38333333333 Edoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories eng English 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 52.0 0.0 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories eve Evenki 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 56.0 125.0 Tungusic Altaic Verbal Categories ewe Ewe 4 No past tense 6.33333333333 0.416666666667 Gbe Niger-Congo Verbal Categories fij Fijian 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -17.8333333333 178.0 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories fin Finnish 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 62.0 25.0 Finnic Uralic Verbal Categories fre French 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 48.0 2.0 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories grf Garífuna 4 No past tense 15.6666666667 -88.0 Antillean Arawakan Arawakan Verbal Categories geo Georgian 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 42.0 44.0 Kartvelian Kartvelian Verbal Categories ger German 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 52.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories goo Gooniyandi 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -18.3333333333 126.333333333 Bunuban Bunuban Verbal Categories grb Grebo 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 5.0 -8.0 Kru Niger-Congo Verbal Categories grk Greek (Modern) 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 39.0 22.0 Greek Indo-European Verbal Categories grw Greenlandic (West) 4 No past tense 64.0 -51.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Verbal Categories gua Guaraní 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -26.0 -56.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Verbal Categories gug Gugada 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -30.0 134.0 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Verbal Categories hal Halia 4 No past tense -5.25 154.666666667 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories hau Hausa 4 No past tense 12.0 7.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories haw Hawaiian 4 No past tense 19.5833333333 -155.5 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories hwc Hawaiian Creole 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 21.5 -158.0 Creoles and Pidgins other Verbal Categories heb Hebrew (Modern) 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 31.5 34.8333333333 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories hin Hindi 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 25.0 77.0 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories hix Hixkaryana 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -1.0 -59.0 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories hmo Hmong Njua 4 No past tense 28.0 105.0 Hmongic Hmong-Mien Verbal Categories hun Hungarian 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 47.0 20.0 Ugric Uralic Verbal Categories ice Icelandic 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 65.0 -17.0 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories imo Imonda 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -3.33333333333 141.166666667 Border Border Verbal Categories ind Indonesian 4 No past tense 0.0 106.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Verbal Categories ins Inuktitut (Salluit) 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 62.0 -76.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Verbal Categories ise Isekiri 4 No past tense 5.66666666667 5.5 Defoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories jak Jakaltek 4 No past tense 15.6666666667 -91.6666666667 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories jpn Japanese 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 37.0 140.0 Japanese Japanese Verbal Categories jav Javanese 4 No past tense -7.0 111.0 Javanese Austronesian Verbal Categories jiv Jivaro 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -2.5 -78.0 Jivaroan Jivaroan Verbal Categories juh Ju|'hoan 4 No past tense -19.0 21.0 Ju-Kung Kxa Verbal Categories knk Kanakuru 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 10.0 12.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories knd Kannada 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 14.0 76.0 Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories knr Kanuri 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 12.0 13.0 Western Saharan Saharan Verbal Categories krk Karok 4 No past tense 41.6666666667 -123.0 Karok Hokan Verbal Categories kay Kayardild 4 No past tense -17.05 139.5 Tangkic Tangkic Verbal Categories ket Ket 4 No past tense 64.0 87.0 Yeniseian Yeniseian Verbal Categories kew Kewa 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -6.5 143.833333333 Enga_Kewa-Huli Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories kha Khalkha 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 47.0 105.0 Mongolic Altaic Verbal Categories khm Khmer 4 No past tense 12.5 105.0 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories kmu Khmu' 4 No past tense 21.0 102.0 Khmuic Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories kik Kikuyu 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -0.75 36.75 Bantu Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kio Kiowa 4 No past tense 37.0 -99.0 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Verbal Categories koa Koasati 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 34.8333333333 -85.1666666667 Muskogean Muskogean Verbal Categories kor Korean 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 37.5 128.0 Korean Korean Verbal Categories kse Koyraboro Senni 4 No past tense 16.0 0.0 Songhay Songhay Verbal Categories kfc Kriol (Fitzroy Crossing) 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -18.1666666667 125.583333333 Creoles and Pidgins other Verbal Categories kro Krongo 4 No past tense 10.5 30.0 Kadugli Kadu Verbal Categories kui Kui (in India) 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 20.0 83.5 Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories kya Kuku-Yalanji 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -16.0 145.0 Northern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Verbal Categories kji Kurmanji 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 38.0 42.0 Iranian Indo-European Verbal Categories kut Kutenai 4 No past tense 49.5 -116.0 Kutenai Kutenai Verbal Categories lah Lahu 4 No past tense 20.0 98.1666666667 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories lai Lai 4 No past tense 22.6666666667 93.6666666667 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories lkt Lakhota 4 No past tense 43.8333333333 -101.833333333 Mississippi Valley Siouan Siouan Verbal Categories lan Lango 4 No past tense 2.16666666667 33.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Verbal Categories lao Lao 4 No past tense 18.0 103.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Verbal Categories lat Latvian 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 57.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Verbal Categories lav Lavukaleve 4 No past tense -9.08333333333 159.2 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Verbal Categories lez Lezgian 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 41.6666666667 47.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories lda Luganda 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 0.5 32.1666666667 Bantu Niger-Congo Verbal Categories luv Luvale 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -12.0 22.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Verbal Categories mne Maidu (Northeast) 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 40.0 -120.666666667 Maiduan Penutian Verbal Categories mai Maithili 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 26.0 86.0 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories mak Makah 4 No past tense 48.3333333333 -124.666666667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Verbal Categories mal Malagasy 4 No past tense -20.0 47.0 Barito Austronesian Verbal Categories mlt Maltese 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 35.9166666667 14.4166666667 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories mnd Mandarin 4 No past tense 34.0 110.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories myi Mangarrayi 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -14.6666666667 133.5 Mangarrayi Mangarrayi-Maran Verbal Categories man Mano 4 No past tense 7.0 -9.0 Eastern Mande Mande Verbal Categories mao Maori 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -40.0 176.0 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories map Mapudungun 4 No past tense -38.0 -72.0 Araucanian Araucanian Verbal Categories mrg Margi 4 No past tense 11.0 13.0 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories mar Maricopa 4 No past tense 33.1666666667 -113.166666667 Yuman Hokan Verbal Categories mrt Martuthunira 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -20.8333333333 116.5 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Verbal Categories mau Maung 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -11.9166666667 133.5 Iwaidjan Iwaidjan Verbal Categories may Maybrat 4 No past tense -1.33333333333 132.5 Maybrat Maybrat Verbal Categories mei Meithei 4 No past tense 24.75 94.0 Manipuri Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 4 No past tense 17.05 -97.5833333333 Mixtec Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories mtg Montagnais 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 52.0 -65.0 Algonquian Algic Verbal Categories mtu Motu 4 No past tense -9.33333333333 147.0 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories mwe Mwera 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -9.0 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Verbal Categories nak Nakanai 4 No past tense -5.58333333333 150.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories kho Nama 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -25.5 18.0 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Verbal Categories ntu Nenets 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 70.0 76.0 Samoyedic Uralic Verbal Categories ngm Ngambay 4 No past tense 8.66666666667 16.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Verbal Categories ngi Ngiyambaa 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -31.75 145.5 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Verbal Categories nbr Ngäbere 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 8.66666666667 -82.0 Guaymiic Chibchan Verbal Categories nca Nicobarese (Car) 4 No past tense 9.0 93.0 Nicobarese Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories nim Nimboran 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -2.5 140.166666667 Nimboran Nimboran Verbal Categories niv Nivkh 4 No past tense 53.3333333333 142.0 Nivkh Nivkh Verbal Categories ood O'odham 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 32.0 -112.0 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories ond Oneida 4 No past tense 43.0 -75.6666666667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Verbal Categories ono Ono 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -6.16666666667 147.583333333 Huon Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories orh Oromo (Harar) 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 9.0 42.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories pai Paiwan 4 No past tense 22.5 120.833333333 Paiwan Austronesian Verbal Categories plg Palaung 4 No past tense 22.6666666667 96.6666666667 Palaungic Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories pnn Pangasinan 4 No past tense 15.9166666667 120.333333333 Northern Luzon Austronesian Verbal Categories pan Panjabi 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 31.0 74.0 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories prs Persian 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 32.0 54.0 Iranian Indo-European Verbal Categories prh Pirahã 4 No past tense -7.0 -62.0 Mura Mura Verbal Categories por Portuguese 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 39.0 -8.0 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories bng Qaqet 4 No past tense -4.58333333333 152.0 Baining Baining Verbal Categories qco Quechua (Cochabamba) 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -17.5 -66.0 Quechuan Quechuan Verbal Categories qim Quechua (Imbabura) 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 0.333333333333 -78.0 Quechuan Quechuan Verbal Categories ram Rama 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 11.75 -83.75 Rama Chibchan Verbal Categories rap Rapanui 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -27.1166666667 -109.366666667 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories raw Rawang 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 27.5 97.5 Nungish Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories ren Rendille 4 No past tense 2.0 37.5 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories rom Romanian 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 46.0 25.0 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories ruk Rukai (Tanan) 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 22.8333333333 120.833333333 Rukai Austronesian Verbal Categories rus Russian 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 56.0 38.0 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories san Sango 4 No past tense 5.0 18.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Verbal Categories snm Sanuma 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 4.5 -64.6666666667 Yanomam Yanomam Verbal Categories sml Semelai 4 No past tense 3.0 103.0 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories snc Seneca 4 No past tense 42.5 -77.5 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Verbal Categories ses Sesotho 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -28.0 27.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Verbal Categories shu Shuswap 4 No past tense 52.0 -120.0 Interior Salish Salishan Verbal Categories sla Slave 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 67.0 -125.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Verbal Categories som Somali 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 3.0 45.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories spa Spanish 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 40.0 -4.0 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories sue Suena 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -7.75 147.55 Binanderean Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories sun Sundanese 4 No past tense -7.0 107.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Verbal Categories sup Supyire 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 11.5 -5.58333333333 Senufo Niger-Congo Verbal Categories swa Swahili 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -6.5 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Verbal Categories swe Swedish 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 60.0 15.0 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories tag Tagalog 4 No past tense 15.0 121.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Verbal Categories tah Tahitian 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -17.6666666667 -149.583333333 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories tml Tamil 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 11.0 78.5 Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories tga Tangga 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -3.46666666667 153.2 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories tem Tem 4 No past tense 8.66666666667 0.5 Grusi Niger-Congo Verbal Categories tne Temne 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 8.66666666667 -13.0833333333 Northern Mel Niger-Congo Verbal Categories tny Tenyer 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 10.6666666667 -4.5 Senufo Niger-Congo Verbal Categories tha Thai 4 No past tense 16.0 101.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Verbal Categories tig Tigrinya 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 14.5 38.5 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories tgr Tigré 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 16.5 38.5 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories tiw Tiwi 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -11.5 131.0 Tiwian Tiwian Verbal Categories toj Tojolabal 4 No past tense 16.3333333333 -91.5 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories tpi Tok Pisin 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -9.5 147.166666667 Creoles and Pidgins other Verbal Categories tug Tuareg (Ahaggar) 4 No past tense 23.0 6.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories tuc Tucano 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 0.5 -69.1666666667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Verbal Categories tuk Tukang Besi 4 No past tense -5.5 123.5 Celebic Austronesian Verbal Categories tur Turkish 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 39.0 35.0 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories udm Udmurt 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 57.5 52.5 Permic Uralic Verbal Categories uyg Uyghur 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions 40.0 80.0 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories vie Vietnamese 4 No past tense 10.5 106.5 Vietic Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories wra Warao 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 9.33333333333 -61.6666666667 Warao Warao Verbal Categories war Wari' 4 No past tense -11.3333333333 -65.0 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Verbal Categories wic Wichita 4 No past tense 33.3333333333 -97.3333333333 Northern Caddoan Caddoan Verbal Categories wch Wichí 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -22.5 -62.5833333333 Matacoan Matacoan Verbal Categories wly Wolaytta 4 No past tense 6.83333333333 37.75 Ta-Ne-Omotic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories wlf Wolof 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 15.25 -16.0 Wolof Niger-Congo Verbal Categories wor Worora 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions -15.6666666667 124.666666667 Worrorran Worrorran Verbal Categories ygr Yagaria 4 No past tense -6.33333333333 145.416666667 Siane-Yagaria Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories yag Yagua 3 Present, 4 or more remoteness distinctions -3.5 -72.0 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Verbal Categories yaq Yaqui 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 27.5 -110.25 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories yes Yessan-Mayo 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -4.16666666667 142.583333333 Tama Sepik Sepik Verbal Categories yor Yoruba 4 No past tense 8.0 4.33333333333 Defoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories yct Yucatec 4 No past tense 20.0 -89.0 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories yko Yukaghir (Kolyma) 4 No past tense 65.75 150.833333333 Yukaghir Yukaghir Verbal Categories zqc Zoque (Copainalá) 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 17.0 -93.25 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Verbal Categories zul Zulu 2 Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions -30.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Verbal Categories zun Zuni 1 Present, no remoteness distinctions 35.0833333333 -108.833333333 Zuni Zuni Verbal Categories