van der Auwera, Johan & Dobrushina, Nina & Goussev, Valentin. 2011. Imperative-Hortative Systems. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, feature 72A. Available online at http://wals.info/feature/72A Accessed on 2012-02-08. wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area acu Achuar 1 Maximal system -2.667 -76.000 Jivaroan Jivaroan Verbal Categories awn Awngi 1 Maximal system 10.833 36.667 Central Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories ala Alamblak 1 Maximal system -4.667 143.333 Sepik Hill Sepik Verbal Categories alb Albanian 1 Maximal system 41.000 20.000 Albanian Indo-European Verbal Categories aea Aleut (Eastern) 1 Maximal system 54.750 -164.000 Aleut Eskimo-Aleut Verbal Categories ame Amele 1 Maximal system -5.250 145.583 Madang Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories anl Arabic (North Levantine Spoken) 1 Maximal system 33.750 36.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories ark Araki 1 Maximal system -15.667 166.917 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories ath Athpare 1 Maximal system 27.000 87.333 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories aym Aymara 1 Maximal system -17.000 -69.000 Aymaran Aymaran Verbal Categories brs Barasano 1 Maximal system -0.167 -70.667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Verbal Categories bsk Bashkir 1 Maximal system 53.000 58.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories bkr Batak (Karo) 1 Maximal system 3.250 98.250 Sumatra Austronesian Verbal Categories bul Bulgarian 1 Maximal system 42.500 25.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories cak Cakchiquel 1 Maximal system 14.500 -91.000 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories chk Chukchi 1 Maximal system 67.000 -173.000 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Verbal Categories cor Cora 1 Maximal system 22.167 -104.833 Corachol Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories dag Daga 1 Maximal system -10.000 149.333 Dagan Dagan Verbal Categories dni Dani (Lower Grand Valley) 1 Maximal system -4.333 138.833 Dani Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories tbu Tubu 1 Maximal system 16.000 15.000 Western Saharan Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories dio Diola-Fogny 1 Maximal system 13.000 -16.250 Northern Atlantic Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ysi Yupik (Sirenik) 1 Maximal system 64.500 -174.000 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Verbal Categories est Estonian 1 Maximal system 59.000 26.000 Finnic Uralic Verbal Categories evn Even 1 Maximal system 68.000 130.000 Tungusic Altaic Verbal Categories eve Evenki 1 Maximal system 56.000 125.000 Tungusic Altaic Verbal Categories fin Finnish 1 Maximal system 62.000 25.000 Finnic Uralic Verbal Categories fni Fula (Nigerian) 1 Maximal system 8.167 10.500 Northern Atlantic Niger-Congo Verbal Categories gam Gamo 1 Maximal system 6.667 37.250 North Omotic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories gbk Gbaya Kara 1 Maximal system 6.000 15.000 Ubangi Niger-Congo Verbal Categories goo Gooniyandi 1 Maximal system -18.333 126.333 Bunuban Australian Verbal Categories grk Greek (Modern) 1 Maximal system 39.000 22.000 Greek Indo-European Verbal Categories gua Guaraní 1 Maximal system -26.000 -56.000 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian Verbal Categories gmz Gumuz 1 Maximal system 12.500 35.833 Gumuz Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories haw Hawaiian 1 Maximal system 19.583 -155.500 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories heb Hebrew (Modern) 1 Maximal system 31.500 34.833 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories her Herero 1 Maximal system -20.583 19.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories hix Hixkaryana 1 Maximal system -1.000 -59.000 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories hun Hungarian 1 Maximal system 47.000 20.000 Ugric Uralic Verbal Categories hzb Hunzib 1 Maximal system 42.167 46.250 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories ing Ingush 1 Maximal system 43.167 45.083 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories irq Iraqw 1 Maximal system -4.000 35.500 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories iri Irish 1 Maximal system 53.000 -8.000 Celtic Indo-European Verbal Categories jak Jakaltek 1 Maximal system 15.667 -91.667 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories jaq Jaqaru 1 Maximal system -13.000 -76.000 Aymaran Aymaran Verbal Categories juh Ju|'hoan 1 Maximal system -19.000 21.000 Northern Khoisan Khoisan Verbal Categories nan Nandi 1 Maximal system 0.250 35.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories kmk Kalmyk 1 Maximal system 44.000 83.000 Mongolic Altaic Verbal Categories knd Kannada 1 Maximal system 14.000 76.000 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories ham Hamtai 1 Maximal system -7.500 146.250 Angan Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories krk Karok 1 Maximal system 41.667 -123.000 Karok Karok Verbal Categories kyl Kayah Li (Eastern) 1 Maximal system 19.000 97.500 Karen Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories krq Kerek 1 Maximal system 62.250 175.000 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Verbal Categories kte Kete 1 Maximal system -7.000 22.833 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kha Khalkha 1 Maximal system 47.000 105.000 Mongolic Altaic Verbal Categories kho Khoekhoe 1 Maximal system -25.500 18.000 Central Khoisan Khoisan Verbal Categories klv Kilivila 1 Maximal system -8.500 151.083 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories kil Kiluba 1 Maximal system -8.000 26.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kim Kimaghama 1 Maximal system -8.000 138.500 Kolopom Kolopom Verbal Categories klm Klamath 1 Maximal system 42.500 -121.500 Klamath-Modoc Penutian Verbal Categories koa Koasati 1 Maximal system 34.833 -85.167 Muskogean Muskogean Verbal Categories kob Kobon 1 Maximal system -5.167 144.333 Madang Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories kon Kongo 1 Maximal system -5.000 15.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories krn Korana 1 Maximal system -29.500 20.500 Central Khoisan Khoisan Verbal Categories kro Krongo 1 Maximal system 10.500 30.000 Kadugli Kadugli Verbal Categories kui Kui (in India) 1 Maximal system 20.000 83.500 South-Central Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories knm Kunama 1 Maximal system 14.500 37.000 Kunama Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories lak Lak 1 Maximal system 42.167 47.167 Lak-Dargwa Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories lep Lepcha 1 Maximal system 27.167 88.500 Lepcha Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories lug Lugbara 1 Maximal system 3.083 30.917 Moru-Ma'di Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories lgt Logoti 1 Maximal system 3.500 30.000 Moru-Ma'di Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories loz Lozi 1 Maximal system -17.833 26.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories luv Luvale 1 Maximal system -12.000 22.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories mcd Macedonian 1 Maximal system 41.667 21.750 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories mai Maithili 1 Maximal system 26.000 86.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories mal Malagasy 1 Maximal system -20.000 47.000 Barito Austronesian Verbal Categories mnm Manam 1 Maximal system -4.000 145.000 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories mdk Mandinka 1 Maximal system 13.000 -15.667 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories mao Maori 1 Maximal system -40.000 176.000 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories mhi Marathi 1 Maximal system 19.000 76.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories mrg Margi 1 Maximal system 11.000 13.000 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories mei Meithei 1 Maximal system 24.750 94.000 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories mss Miwok (Southern Sierra) 1 Maximal system 37.500 -120.000 Miwok Penutian Verbal Categories mok Mokilese 1 Maximal system 6.667 159.750 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories mgo Mongo 1 Maximal system 0.000 21.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories mwe Mwera 1 Maximal system -9.000 39.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories nht Nahuatl (Tetelcingo) 1 Maximal system 19.667 -99.000 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories nen Nenets 1 Maximal system 69.000 72.000 Samoyedic Uralic Verbal Categories nep Nepali 1 Maximal system 28.000 85.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories nez Nez Perce 1 Maximal system 46.000 -116.000 Sahaptian Penutian Verbal Categories nti Ngiti 1 Maximal system 1.333 30.250 Lendu Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories ngi Ngiyambaa 1 Maximal system -31.750 145.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories nca Nicobarese (Car) 1 Maximal system 9.000 93.000 Nicobarese Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories niv Nivkh 1 Maximal system 53.333 142.000 Nivkh Nivkh Verbal Categories noo Noon 1 Maximal system 14.833 -16.833 Northern Atlantic Niger-Congo Verbal Categories nub Nubi 1 Maximal system 0.667 32.083 Creoles and Pidgins other Verbal Categories nug Nunggubuyu 1 Maximal system -13.750 135.667 Nunggubuyu Australian Verbal Categories ond Oneida 1 Maximal system 43.000 -75.667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Verbal Categories oss Ossetic 1 Maximal system 43.000 44.000 Iranian Indo-European Verbal Categories pal Palauan 1 Maximal system 7.500 134.583 Palauan Austronesian Verbal Categories pnn Pangasinan 1 Maximal system 15.917 120.333 Northern Philippines Austronesian Verbal Categories psm Passamaquoddy-Maliseet 1 Maximal system 45.000 -67.000 Algonquian Algic Verbal Categories prh Pirahã 1 Maximal system -7.000 -62.000 Mura Mura Verbal Categories rap Rapanui 1 Maximal system -27.117 -109.367 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories ret Retuarã 1 Maximal system -0.500 -70.667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Verbal Categories rav Romani (Ajia Varvara) 1 Maximal system 38.000 23.583 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories rom Romanian 1 Maximal system 46.000 25.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories sno Saami (Northern) 1 Maximal system 69.000 24.000 Saami Uralic Verbal Categories snt Sentani 1 Maximal system -2.583 140.583 Sentani Sentani Verbal Categories shn Shona 1 Maximal system -18.000 31.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories sla Slave 1 Maximal system 67.000 -125.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Verbal Categories swa Swahili 1 Maximal system -6.500 39.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories dbd Dabida 1 Maximal system -4.000 38.667 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories tnc Tanacross 1 Maximal system 63.500 -143.500 Athapaskan Na-Dene Verbal Categories tvo Tatar 1 Maximal system 56.000 49.500 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories tem Tem 1 Maximal system 8.667 0.500 Gur Niger-Congo Verbal Categories txj Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez) 1 Maximal system 20.417 -97.833 Totonacan Totonacan Verbal Categories tot Totonac (Misantla) 1 Maximal system 19.917 -96.917 Totonacan Totonacan Verbal Categories tur Turkish 1 Maximal system 39.000 35.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories tzo Tzotzil 1 Maximal system 16.500 -92.667 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories tzu Tzutujil 1 Maximal system 14.667 -91.333 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories udh Udihe 1 Maximal system 47.667 136.250 Tungusic Altaic Verbal Categories uzb Uzbek 1 Maximal system 39.000 66.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories vot Votic 1 Maximal system 59.500 30.000 Finnic Uralic Verbal Categories wai Wai Wai 1 Maximal system 1.000 -59.000 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories win Wintu 1 Maximal system 41.000 -122.500 Wintuan Penutian Verbal Categories wlf Wolof 1 Maximal system 15.250 -16.000 Northern Atlantic Niger-Congo Verbal Categories jeb Jebero 1 Maximal system -5.417 -76.500 Cahuapanan Cahuapanan Verbal Categories yid Yidiny 1 Maximal system -17.000 145.750 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories yim Yimas 1 Maximal system -4.667 143.550 Lower Sepik Lower Sepik-Ramu Verbal Categories yko Yukaghir (Kolyma) 1 Maximal system 65.750 150.833 Yukaghir Yukaghir Verbal Categories ypk Yup'ik (Central) 1 Maximal system 59.500 -160.000 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Verbal Categories zul Zulu 1 Maximal system -30.000 30.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories zun Zuni 1 Maximal system 35.083 -108.833 Zuni Zuni Verbal Categories anu Anufo 2 Minimal system 10.083 0.250 Kwa Niger-Congo Verbal Categories baw Bawm 2 Minimal system 22.500 92.250 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories cle Chinantec (Lealao) 2 Minimal system 17.333 -95.917 Chinantecan Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories coo Coos (Hanis) 2 Minimal system 43.500 -124.167 Coosan Oregon Coast Verbal Categories gwa Gwari 2 Minimal system 9.500 7.000 Nupoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories grb Grebo 2 Minimal system 5.000 -8.000 Kru Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ido Idoma 2 Minimal system 6.917 7.500 Idomoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ijo Ijo (Kolokuma) 2 Minimal system 4.917 5.667 Ijoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories iqu Iquito 2 Minimal system -3.250 -74.000 Zaparoan Zaparoan Verbal Categories dyu Dyula 2 Minimal system 9.833 -4.667 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories tal Talinga 2 Minimal system 0.417 29.667 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kow Ko (Winye) 2 Minimal system 11.867 -2.917 Gur Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kwa Kwaio 2 Minimal system -8.950 161.000 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories man Mano 2 Minimal system 7.000 -9.000 Eastern Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories prs Persian 2 Minimal system 32.000 54.000 Iranian Indo-European Verbal Categories ram Rama 2 Minimal system 11.750 -83.750 Rama Chibchan Verbal Categories snn Soninke 2 Minimal system 15.000 -10.500 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories sup Supyire 2 Minimal system 11.500 -5.583 Gur Niger-Congo Verbal Categories vag Vagla 2 Minimal system 9.417 -2.417 Gur Niger-Congo Verbal Categories vai Vai 2 Minimal system 6.917 -11.250 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories bam Bambara 3 Both types of system 12.500 -7.500 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories bir Birom 3 Both types of system 9.667 8.833 Platoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories buk Bukusu 3 Both types of system 0.750 34.667 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ceb Cebuano 3 Both types of system 10.000 124.000 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Verbal Categories fij Fijian 3 Both types of system -17.833 178.000 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories hau Hausa 3 Both types of system 12.000 7.000 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories ker Kera 3 Both types of system 9.833 15.083 East Chadic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories kfe Koromfe 3 Both types of system 14.250 -0.917 Gur Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kpe Kpelle 3 Both types of system 7.000 -10.000 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories lin Lingala 3 Both types of system 2.000 18.500 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories mde Mende 3 Both types of system 7.833 -11.500 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories moo Mooré 3 Both types of system 12.833 -1.250 Gur Niger-Congo Verbal Categories mwo Mwotlap 3 Both types of system -13.583 167.583 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories mum Mumuye 3 Both types of system 9.000 11.667 Adamawa Niger-Congo Verbal Categories nko Nkore-Kiga 3 Both types of system -0.917 29.833 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories nng Nyanga 3 Both types of system -1.250 28.167 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories san Sango 3 Both types of system 5.000 18.000 Ubangi Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kse Koyraboro Senni 3 Both types of system 16.000 0.000 Songhay Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories sus Susu 3 Both types of system 10.000 -13.000 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories tet Tetela 3 Both types of system -4.000 24.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ykm Yakoma 3 Both types of system 4.417 18.417 Ubangi Niger-Congo Verbal Categories abk Abkhaz 4 Neither type of system 43.083 41.000 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Verbal Categories aco Acoma 4 Neither type of system 34.917 -107.583 Keresan Keresan Verbal Categories ain Ainu 4 Neither type of system 43.000 143.000 Ainu Ainu Verbal Categories amh Amharic 4 Neither type of system 10.000 38.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories apl Apalaí 4 Neither type of system 0.000 -54.000 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories apu Apurinã 4 Neither type of system -9.000 -67.000 Arawakan Arawakan Verbal Categories aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 4 Neither type of system 30.000 31.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories amr Arabic (Moroccan) 4 Neither type of system 34.000 -6.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories ana Araona 4 Neither type of system -12.333 -67.750 Tacanan Tacanan Verbal Categories arm Armenian (Eastern) 4 Neither type of system 40.000 45.000 Armenian Indo-European Verbal Categories asm Asmat 4 Neither type of system -5.500 138.500 Asmat-Kamoro Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories ava Avar 4 Neither type of system 42.500 46.500 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories awp Awa Pit 4 Neither type of system 1.500 -78.250 Barbacoan Barbacoan Verbal Categories ayr Ayoreo 4 Neither type of system -20.250 -59.250 Zamucoan Zamucoan Verbal Categories bag Bagirmi 4 Neither type of system 11.667 16.000 Bongo-Bagirmi Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories lnd Linda 4 Neither type of system 6.500 20.750 Ubangi Niger-Congo Verbal Categories bsq Basque 4 Neither type of system 43.000 -3.000 Basque Basque Verbal Categories ber Berta 4 Neither type of system 10.333 34.667 Berta Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories brr Bororo 4 Neither type of system -16.000 -57.000 Bororo Macro-Ge Verbal Categories brh Brahui 4 Neither type of system 28.500 67.000 Northern Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories arp Arapesh (Mountain) 4 Neither type of system -3.467 143.167 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Verbal Categories brm Burmese 4 Neither type of system 21.000 96.000 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories bur Burushaski 4 Neither type of system 36.500 74.500 Burushaski Burushaski Verbal Categories cah Cahuilla 4 Neither type of system 33.500 -116.250 Takic Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories ckr Canela-Krahô 4 Neither type of system -6.000 -46.000 Ge-Kaingang Macro-Ge Verbal Categories car Carib 4 Neither type of system 5.500 -56.000 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories csh Cashinahua 4 Neither type of system -10.500 -71.833 Panoan Panoan Verbal Categories ctl Catalan 4 Neither type of system 41.750 2.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories cay Cayapa 4 Neither type of system 0.667 -79.000 Barbacoan Barbacoan Verbal Categories cld Chaldean (Modern) 4 Neither type of system 36.000 43.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories cha Chamorro 4 Neither type of system 13.450 144.750 Chamorro Austronesian Verbal Categories mnd Mandarin 4 Neither type of system 34.000 110.000 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories crg Chiriguano 4 Neither type of system -23.667 -64.333 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian Verbal Categories coi Chortí 4 Neither type of system 14.833 -89.250 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories chr Chrau 4 Neither type of system 10.750 107.500 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories chv Chuvash 4 Neither type of system 55.500 47.500 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories tsf Tsafiki 4 Neither type of system -1.000 -79.333 Barbacoan Barbacoan Verbal Categories cmn Comanche 4 Neither type of system 33.500 -101.500 Numic Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories cop Coptic 4 Neither type of system 26.000 32.000 Egyptian-Coptic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories cre Cree (Plains) 4 Neither type of system 54.000 -110.000 Algonquian Algic Verbal Categories cze Czech 4 Neither type of system 50.000 15.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories dsh Danish 4 Neither type of system 56.000 10.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories dre Drehu 4 Neither type of system -21.000 167.250 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories die Diegueño (Mesa Grande) 4 Neither type of system 32.667 -116.167 Yuman Hokan Verbal Categories tms Tommo So 4 Neither type of system 15.000 -3.000 Dogon Niger-Congo Verbal Categories pta Paita 4 Neither type of system -22.083 166.500 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories dut Dutch 4 Neither type of system 52.500 6.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories eka Ekari 4 Neither type of system -3.833 135.500 Wissel Lakes-Kemandoga Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories emb Embera 4 Neither type of system 6.833 -77.167 Choco Choco Verbal Categories eng English 4 Neither type of system 52.000 0.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories epe Epena Pedee 4 Neither type of system 3.000 -77.000 Choco Choco Verbal Categories ewe Ewe 4 Neither type of system 6.333 0.417 Kwa Niger-Congo Verbal Categories far Faroese 4 Neither type of system 62.000 -7.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories fre French 4 Neither type of system 48.000 2.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories fur Fur 4 Neither type of system 13.500 25.000 Fur Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories fye Fyem 4 Neither type of system 9.583 9.333 Platoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories gar Garo 4 Neither type of system 25.667 90.500 Bodo-Garo Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories geo Georgian 4 Neither type of system 42.000 44.000 Kartvelian Kartvelian Verbal Categories ger German 4 Neither type of system 52.000 10.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories grw Greenlandic (West) 4 Neither type of system 64.000 -51.000 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Verbal Categories gum Gumbaynggir 4 Neither type of system -30.167 152.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories hai Haida 4 Neither type of system 53.000 -132.000 Haida Haida Verbal Categories hlu Halkomelem (Upriver) 4 Neither type of system 49.250 -121.917 Central Salish Salishan Verbal Categories hay Hayu 4 Neither type of system 27.250 86.000 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories hin Hindi 4 Neither type of system 25.000 77.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories hmd Hmong Daw 4 Neither type of system 26.000 105.000 Hmong-Mien Hmong-Mien Verbal Categories hmo Hmong Njua 4 Neither type of system 28.000 105.000 Hmong-Mien Hmong-Mien Verbal Categories iaa Iaai 4 Neither type of system -20.417 166.583 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories ice Icelandic 4 Neither type of system 65.000 -17.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories bem Bemba 4 Neither type of system -10.000 28.250 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories igb Igbo 4 Neither type of system 6.000 7.333 Igboid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ika Ika 4 Neither type of system 10.667 -73.750 Aruak Chibchan Verbal Categories imo Imonda 4 Neither type of system -3.333 141.167 Border Border Verbal Categories ind Indonesian 4 Neither type of system 0.000 106.000 Malayic Austronesian Verbal Categories ita Italian 4 Neither type of system 43.000 12.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories jpn Japanese 4 Neither type of system 37.000 140.000 Japanese Japanese Verbal Categories jav Javanese 4 Neither type of system -7.000 111.000 Javanese Austronesian Verbal Categories lno Ladino 4 Neither type of system 40.000 33.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories kgm Kagoma 4 Neither type of system 9.250 8.167 Platoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kmu Khmu' 4 Neither type of system 21.000 102.000 Palaung-Khmuic Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories knr Kanuri 4 Neither type of system 12.000 13.000 Western Saharan Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories krt Karata 4 Neither type of system 42.583 46.333 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories ksm Kasem 4 Neither type of system 11.250 -1.250 Gur Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kay Kayardild 4 Neither type of system -17.050 139.500 Tangkic Australian Verbal Categories kek K'ekchí 4 Neither type of system 16.000 -89.833 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories ket Ket 4 Neither type of system 64.000 87.000 Yeniseian Yeniseian Verbal Categories kew Kewa 4 Neither type of system -6.500 143.833 Engan Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories kio Kiowa 4 Neither type of system 37.000 -99.000 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Verbal Categories krb Kiribati 4 Neither type of system 1.333 173.000 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories kiw Kiwai 4 Neither type of system -8.000 143.500 Kiwaian Kiwaian Verbal Categories kok Kokborok 4 Neither type of system 24.333 92.500 Bodo-Garo Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories kkn Konkani 4 Neither type of system 15.250 74.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories kor Korean 4 Neither type of system 37.500 128.000 Korean Korean Verbal Categories kmp Kunimaipa 4 Neither type of system -8.000 146.833 Goilalan Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories kut Kutenai 4 Neither type of system 49.500 -116.000 Kutenai Kutenai Verbal Categories kuv Kuvi 4 Neither type of system 18.750 82.667 South-Central Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories lad Ladakhi 4 Neither type of system 34.000 78.000 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories lkt Lakhota 4 Neither type of system 43.833 -101.833 Siouan Siouan Verbal Categories lan Lango 4 Neither type of system 2.167 33.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories lat Latvian 4 Neither type of system 57.000 24.000 Baltic Indo-European Verbal Categories lav Lavukaleve 4 Neither type of system -9.083 159.200 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Verbal Categories laz Laz 4 Neither type of system 41.500 41.500 Kartvelian Kartvelian Verbal Categories lez Lezgian 4 Neither type of system 41.667 47.833 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories lit Lithuanian 4 Neither type of system 55.000 24.000 Baltic Indo-European Verbal Categories luo Luo 4 Neither type of system -0.500 34.750 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories mle Maale 4 Neither type of system 6.000 36.917 North Omotic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories mab Maba 4 Neither type of system 13.750 20.833 Maban Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories mac Macushi 4 Neither type of system 4.000 -60.000 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories mak Makah 4 Neither type of system 48.333 -124.667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Verbal Categories mym Malayalam 4 Neither type of system 10.000 76.500 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories mlt Maltese 4 Neither type of system 35.917 14.417 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories mam Mam 4 Neither type of system 15.000 -91.833 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories myi Mangarrayi 4 Neither type of system -14.667 133.500 Mangarrayi Australian Verbal Categories mkn Mankanya 4 Neither type of system 12.083 -15.917 Northern Atlantic Niger-Congo Verbal Categories map Mapudungun 4 Neither type of system -38.000 -72.000 Araucanian Araucanian Verbal Categories mku Maranungku 4 Neither type of system -13.667 130.000 Western Daly Australian Verbal Categories mme Mari (Meadow) 4 Neither type of system 57.000 48.000 Mari Uralic Verbal Categories mar Maricopa 4 Neither type of system 33.167 -113.167 Yuman Hokan Verbal Categories mrd Marind 4 Neither type of system -7.833 140.167 Marind Proper Marind Verbal Categories mrt Martuthunira 4 Neither type of system -20.833 116.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories msl Masalit 4 Neither type of system 13.333 22.000 Maban Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories wch Wichí 4 Neither type of system -22.500 -62.583 Matacoan Matacoan Verbal Categories may Maybrat 4 Neither type of system -1.333 132.500 North-Central Bird's Head West Papuan Verbal Categories dig Digaro 4 Neither type of system 28.417 96.000 Digaroan Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories mik Mikir 4 Neither type of system 26.333 93.500 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories msg Mising 4 Neither type of system 28.500 94.833 Tani Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 4 Neither type of system 17.050 -97.583 Mixtecan Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories miy Miya 4 Neither type of system 10.917 9.667 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories mon Mon 4 Neither type of system 14.833 100.500 Monic Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories mop Mopan 4 Neither type of system 16.583 -88.667 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories mro Moro 4 Neither type of system 11.000 30.167 Heiban Niger-Congo Verbal Categories mul Mulao 4 Neither type of system 25.000 108.000 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Verbal Categories mna Muna 4 Neither type of system -5.000 122.500 Sulawesi Austronesian Verbal Categories mdg Mundang 4 Neither type of system 9.667 14.500 Adamawa Niger-Congo Verbal Categories mrl Murle 4 Neither type of system 6.500 33.500 Surmic Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories nav Navajo 4 Neither type of system 36.167 -108.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Verbal Categories ngl Ngalakan 4 Neither type of system -14.250 134.000 Ngalakan Australian Verbal Categories nim Nimboran 4 Neither type of system -2.500 140.167 Nimboran Nimboran Verbal Categories nor Norwegian 4 Neither type of system 61.000 8.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories nbd Nubian (Dongolese) 4 Neither type of system 18.250 30.750 Nubian Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories nun Nung (in Vietnam) 4 Neither type of system 21.917 106.417 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Verbal Categories obo Obolo 4 Neither type of system 4.583 7.833 Cross River Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ong Onge 4 Neither type of system 10.750 92.417 South Andamanese South Andamanese Verbal Categories orh Oromo (Harar) 4 Neither type of system 9.000 42.000 Eastern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories otm Otomí (Mezquital) 4 Neither type of system 20.167 -99.167 Otomian Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories oix Otomí (Ixtenco) 4 Neither type of system 19.083 -97.917 Otomian Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories pms Paamese 4 Neither type of system -16.500 168.250 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories pai Paiwan 4 Neither type of system 22.500 120.833 Paiwanic Austronesian Verbal Categories pau Paumarí 4 Neither type of system -6.000 -64.000 Arauan Arauan Verbal Categories pec Pech 4 Neither type of system 15.000 -85.500 Paya Chibchan Verbal Categories pip Pipil 4 Neither type of system 13.833 -89.583 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories pit Pitjantjatjara 4 Neither type of system -26.000 130.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories ppi Pitta Pitta 4 Neither type of system -22.833 140.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories pol Polish 4 Neither type of system 52.000 20.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories pso Pomo (Southeastern) 4 Neither type of system 39.000 -122.500 Pomoan Hokan Verbal Categories por Portuguese 4 Neither type of system 39.000 -8.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories pur Purépecha 4 Neither type of system 19.500 -101.667 Tarascan Tarascan Verbal Categories qim Quechua (Imbabura) 4 Neither type of system 0.333 -78.000 Quechuan Quechuan Verbal Categories rus Russian 4 Neither type of system 56.000 38.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories sdw Sandawe 4 Neither type of system -5.000 35.000 Sandawe Khoisan Verbal Categories snm Sanuma 4 Neither type of system 4.500 -64.667 Yanomam Yanomam Verbal Categories sml Semelai 4 Neither type of system 3.000 103.000 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories scr Serbian-Croatian 4 Neither type of system 44.000 19.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories shl Shilluk 4 Neither type of system 9.667 31.750 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories shk Shipibo-Konibo 4 Neither type of system -7.500 -75.000 Panoan Panoan Verbal Categories shu Shuswap 4 Neither type of system 52.000 -120.000 Interior Salish Salishan Verbal Categories snh Sinhala 4 Neither type of system 7.000 80.500 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories slo Slovene 4 Neither type of system 46.000 15.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories so So 4 Neither type of system 2.583 34.750 Kuliak Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories stn Sotho (Northern) 4 Neither type of system -24.000 29.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories spa Spanish 4 Neither type of system 40.000 -4.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories squ Squamish 4 Neither type of system 49.667 -123.167 Central Salish Salishan Verbal Categories sue Suena 4 Neither type of system -7.750 147.550 Binanderean Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories sug Sungor 4 Neither type of system 13.750 21.500 Taman Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories swe Swedish 4 Neither type of system 60.000 15.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories err Erromangan 4 Neither type of system -18.833 169.167 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories tag Tagalog 4 Neither type of system 15.000 121.000 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Verbal Categories bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 4 Neither type of system 33.000 -5.000 Berber Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories see Seediq 4 Neither type of system 24.167 121.417 Atayalic Austronesian Verbal Categories tha Thai 4 Neither type of system 16.000 101.000 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Verbal Categories thk Thakali 4 Neither type of system 29.000 83.750 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories tgr Tigré 4 Neither type of system 16.500 38.500 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories tiw Tiwi 4 Neither type of system -11.500 131.000 Tiwian Australian Verbal Categories tir Tiriyo 4 Neither type of system 3.250 -55.750 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories tsa Tsakhur 4 Neither type of system 41.667 47.167 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories tuk Tukang Besi 4 Neither type of system -5.500 123.500 Sulawesi Austronesian Verbal Categories ukr Ukrainian 4 Neither type of system 49.000 33.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories uma Uma 4 Neither type of system -1.833 120.000 Sulawesi Austronesian Verbal Categories url Urak Lawoi' 4 Neither type of system 8.000 98.333 Malayic Austronesian Verbal Categories urk Urubú-Kaapor 4 Neither type of system -2.333 -46.500 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian Verbal Categories vie Vietnamese 4 Neither type of system 10.500 106.500 Viet-Muong Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories wrk Warekena 4 Neither type of system 1.500 -67.500 Arawakan Arawakan Verbal Categories wau Waunana 4 Neither type of system 4.000 -77.000 Choco Choco Verbal Categories wel Welsh 4 Neither type of system 52.000 -3.000 Celtic Indo-European Verbal Categories hum Huitoto (Murui) 4 Neither type of system -1.000 -73.500 Huitoto Huitotoan Verbal Categories wlo Wolio 4 Neither type of system -5.500 122.750 Sulawesi Austronesian Verbal Categories yah Yahgan 4 Neither type of system -55.000 -68.000 Yámana Yámana Verbal Categories yaq Yaqui 4 Neither type of system 27.500 -110.250 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories yur Yurok 4 Neither type of system 41.333 -124.000 Yurok Algic Verbal Categories zqc Zoque (Copainalá) 4 Neither type of system 17.000 -93.250 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Verbal Categories tja Tiipay (Jamul) 4 Neither type of system 32.167 -116.500 Yuman Hokan Verbal Categories