Dobrushina, Nina & van der Auwera, Johan & Goussev, Valentin. 2011. The Optative. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, feature 73A. Available online at http://wals.info/feature/73A Accessed on 2012-02-03. wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area abz Abaza 1 Inflectional optative present 44.000 42.000 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Verbal Categories abk Abkhaz 1 Inflectional optative present 43.083 41.000 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Verbal Categories adt Adyghe (Temirgoy) 1 Inflectional optative present 45.217 39.700 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Verbal Categories agl Aghul 1 Inflectional optative present 41.750 47.667 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories alb Albanian 1 Inflectional optative present 41.000 20.000 Albanian Indo-European Verbal Categories arc Archi 1 Inflectional optative present 42.000 46.833 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories ava Avar 1 Inflectional optative present 42.500 46.500 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories aym Aymara 1 Inflectional optative present -17.000 -69.000 Aymaran Aymaran Verbal Categories aze Azerbaijani 1 Inflectional optative present 40.500 48.500 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories bgv Bagvalal 1 Inflectional optative present 42.583 46.167 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories bez Bezhta 1 Inflectional optative present 42.083 46.167 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories but Buriat 1 Inflectional optative present 52.000 108.000 Mongolic Altaic Verbal Categories chc Chechen 1 Inflectional optative present 43.250 45.833 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories cle Chinantec (Lealao) 1 Inflectional optative present 17.333 -95.917 Chinantecan Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories drg Dargwa 1 Inflectional optative present 42.250 47.417 Lak-Dargwa Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories tsz Tsez 1 Inflectional optative present 42.250 45.750 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories dmi Dumi 1 Inflectional optative present 27.250 86.667 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories eve Evenki 1 Inflectional optative present 56.000 125.000 Tungusic Altaic Verbal Categories geo Georgian 1 Inflectional optative present 42.000 44.000 Kartvelian Kartvelian Verbal Categories god Godoberi 1 Inflectional optative present 42.667 46.083 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories gua Guaraní 1 Inflectional optative present -26.000 -56.000 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian Verbal Categories hay Hayu 1 Inflectional optative present 27.250 86.000 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories hzb Hunzib 1 Inflectional optative present 42.167 46.250 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories ing Ingush 1 Inflectional optative present 43.167 45.083 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories kab Kabardian 1 Inflectional optative present 43.500 43.500 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Verbal Categories krm Karaim 1 Inflectional optative present 54.667 24.917 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories kha Khalkha 1 Inflectional optative present 47.000 105.000 Mongolic Altaic Verbal Categories klg Kulung 1 Inflectional optative present 27.500 87.000 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories kuq Kumyk 1 Inflectional optative present 43.000 47.333 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories lad Ladakhi 1 Inflectional optative present 34.000 78.000 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories lez Lezgian 1 Inflectional optative present 41.667 47.833 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories lim Limbu 1 Inflectional optative present 27.167 87.750 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories mar Maricopa 1 Inflectional optative present 33.167 -113.167 Yuman Hokan Verbal Categories mrd Marind 1 Inflectional optative present -7.833 140.167 Marind Proper Marind Verbal Categories mei Meithei 1 Inflectional optative present 24.750 94.000 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories mun Mundari 1 Inflectional optative present 23.000 84.667 Munda Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories nep Nepali 1 Inflectional optative present 28.000 85.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories nog Noghay 1 Inflectional optative present 44.000 46.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories pso Pomo (Southeastern) 1 Inflectional optative present 39.000 -122.500 Pomoan Hokan Verbal Categories rut Rutul 1 Inflectional optative present 41.500 47.417 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories stl Santali 1 Inflectional optative present 24.500 87.000 Munda Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories tag Tagalog 1 Inflectional optative present 15.000 121.000 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Verbal Categories taz Talysh (Azerbaijan) 1 Inflectional optative present 38.750 48.667 Iranian Indo-European Verbal Categories tsa Tsakhur 1 Inflectional optative present 41.667 47.167 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories wic Wichita 1 Inflectional optative present 33.333 -97.333 Caddoan Caddoan Verbal Categories win Wintu 1 Inflectional optative present 41.000 -122.500 Wintuan Penutian Verbal Categories jeb Jebero 1 Inflectional optative present -5.417 -76.500 Cahuapanan Cahuapanan Verbal Categories zun Zuni 1 Inflectional optative present 35.083 -108.833 Zuni Zuni Verbal Categories juh Ju|'hoan 2 Inflectional optative absent -19.000 21.000 Northern Khoisan Khoisan Verbal Categories aco Acoma 2 Inflectional optative absent 34.917 -107.583 Keresan Keresan Verbal Categories ain Ainu 2 Inflectional optative absent 43.000 143.000 Ainu Ainu Verbal Categories awk Akwa 2 Inflectional optative absent 10.083 6.333 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ala Alamblak 2 Inflectional optative absent -4.667 143.333 Sepik Hill Sepik Verbal Categories aso Altai (Southern) 2 Inflectional optative absent 51.000 87.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories alu Alutor 2 Inflectional optative absent 61.000 165.000 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Verbal Categories ame Amele 2 Inflectional optative absent -5.250 145.583 Madang Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories apl Apalaí 2 Inflectional optative absent 0.000 -54.000 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories apu Apurinã 2 Inflectional optative absent -9.000 -67.000 Arawakan Arawakan Verbal Categories aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 2 Inflectional optative absent 30.000 31.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories amr Arabic (Moroccan) 2 Inflectional optative absent 34.000 -6.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories ana Araona 2 Inflectional optative absent -12.333 -67.750 Tacanan Tacanan Verbal Categories arm Armenian (Eastern) 2 Inflectional optative absent 40.000 45.000 Armenian Indo-European Verbal Categories asm Asmat 2 Inflectional optative absent -5.500 138.500 Asmat-Kamoro Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories awp Awa Pit 2 Inflectional optative absent 1.500 -78.250 Barbacoan Barbacoan Verbal Categories bag Bagirmi 2 Inflectional optative absent 11.667 16.000 Bongo-Bagirmi Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories bam Bambara 2 Inflectional optative absent 12.500 -7.500 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories lnd Linda 2 Inflectional optative absent 6.500 20.750 Ubangi Niger-Congo Verbal Categories brs Barasano 2 Inflectional optative absent -0.167 -70.667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Verbal Categories bsk Bashkir 2 Inflectional optative absent 53.000 58.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories bsq Basque 2 Inflectional optative absent 43.000 -3.000 Basque Basque Verbal Categories bkr Batak (Karo) 2 Inflectional optative absent 3.250 98.250 Sumatra Austronesian Verbal Categories baw Bawm 2 Inflectional optative absent 22.500 92.250 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories bem Bemba 2 Inflectional optative absent -10.000 28.250 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories bir Birom 2 Inflectional optative absent 9.667 8.833 Platoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories brh Brahui 2 Inflectional optative absent 28.500 67.000 Northern Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories arp Arapesh (Mountain) 2 Inflectional optative absent -3.467 143.167 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Verbal Categories bul Bulgarian 2 Inflectional optative absent 42.500 25.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories brm Burmese 2 Inflectional optative absent 21.000 96.000 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories bur Burushaski 2 Inflectional optative absent 36.500 74.500 Burushaski Burushaski Verbal Categories cah Cahuilla 2 Inflectional optative absent 33.500 -116.250 Takic Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories cak Cakchiquel 2 Inflectional optative absent 14.500 -91.000 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories khm Khmer 2 Inflectional optative absent 12.500 105.000 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories car Carib 2 Inflectional optative absent 5.500 -56.000 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories csh Cashinahua 2 Inflectional optative absent -10.500 -71.833 Panoan Panoan Verbal Categories ceb Cebuano 2 Inflectional optative absent 10.000 124.000 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Verbal Categories cha Chamorro 2 Inflectional optative absent 13.450 144.750 Chamorro Austronesian Verbal Categories mnd Mandarin 2 Inflectional optative absent 34.000 110.000 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories chr Chrau 2 Inflectional optative absent 10.750 107.500 Bahnaric Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories chk Chukchi 2 Inflectional optative absent 67.000 -173.000 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Verbal Categories chv Chuvash 2 Inflectional optative absent 55.500 47.500 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories cmn Comanche 2 Inflectional optative absent 33.500 -101.500 Numic Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories coo Coos (Hanis) 2 Inflectional optative absent 43.500 -124.167 Coosan Oregon Coast Verbal Categories cre Cree (Plains) 2 Inflectional optative absent 54.000 -110.000 Algonquian Algic Verbal Categories dni Dani (Lower Grand Valley) 2 Inflectional optative absent -4.333 138.833 Dani Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories dsh Danish 2 Inflectional optative absent 56.000 10.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories dgr Dagur 2 Inflectional optative absent 48.000 124.000 Mongolic Altaic Verbal Categories tbu Tubu 2 Inflectional optative absent 16.000 15.000 Western Saharan Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories dio Diola-Fogny 2 Inflectional optative absent 13.000 -16.250 Northern Atlantic Niger-Congo Verbal Categories tms Tommo So 2 Inflectional optative absent 15.000 -3.000 Dogon Niger-Congo Verbal Categories dre Drehu 2 Inflectional optative absent -21.000 167.250 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories pta Paita 2 Inflectional optative absent -22.083 166.500 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories eng English 2 Inflectional optative absent 52.000 0.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories epe Epena Pedee 2 Inflectional optative absent 3.000 -77.000 Choco Choco Verbal Categories est Estonian 2 Inflectional optative absent 59.000 26.000 Finnic Uralic Verbal Categories evn Even 2 Inflectional optative absent 68.000 130.000 Tungusic Altaic Verbal Categories ewe Ewe 2 Inflectional optative absent 6.333 0.417 Kwa Niger-Congo Verbal Categories fij Fijian 2 Inflectional optative absent -17.833 178.000 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories fin Finnish 2 Inflectional optative absent 62.000 25.000 Finnic Uralic Verbal Categories fre French 2 Inflectional optative absent 48.000 2.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories fur Fur 2 Inflectional optative absent 13.500 25.000 Fur Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories gar Garo 2 Inflectional optative absent 25.667 90.500 Bodo-Garo Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories gwa Gwari 2 Inflectional optative absent 9.500 7.000 Nupoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories gbk Gbaya Kara 2 Inflectional optative absent 6.000 15.000 Ubangi Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ger German 2 Inflectional optative absent 52.000 10.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories goo Gooniyandi 2 Inflectional optative absent -18.333 126.333 Bunuban Australian Verbal Categories grb Grebo 2 Inflectional optative absent 5.000 -8.000 Kru Niger-Congo Verbal Categories grk Greek (Modern) 2 Inflectional optative absent 39.000 22.000 Greek Indo-European Verbal Categories grw Greenlandic (West) 2 Inflectional optative absent 64.000 -51.000 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Verbal Categories guj Gujarati 2 Inflectional optative absent 23.000 72.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories gum Gumbaynggir 2 Inflectional optative absent -30.167 152.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories hai Haida 2 Inflectional optative absent 53.000 -132.000 Haida Haida Verbal Categories hau Hausa 2 Inflectional optative absent 12.000 7.000 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories heb Hebrew (Modern) 2 Inflectional optative absent 31.500 34.833 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories her Herero 2 Inflectional optative absent -20.583 19.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories hin Hindi 2 Inflectional optative absent 25.000 77.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories hix Hixkaryana 2 Inflectional optative absent -1.000 -59.000 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories hmo Hmong Njua 2 Inflectional optative absent 28.000 105.000 Hmong-Mien Hmong-Mien Verbal Categories hun Hungarian 2 Inflectional optative absent 47.000 20.000 Ugric Uralic Verbal Categories iaa Iaai 2 Inflectional optative absent -20.417 166.583 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories ice Icelandic 2 Inflectional optative absent 65.000 -17.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories ido Idoma 2 Inflectional optative absent 6.917 7.500 Idomoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories igb Igbo 2 Inflectional optative absent 6.000 7.333 Igboid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ijo Ijo (Kolokuma) 2 Inflectional optative absent 4.917 5.667 Ijoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ika Ika 2 Inflectional optative absent 10.667 -73.750 Aruak Chibchan Verbal Categories imo Imonda 2 Inflectional optative absent -3.333 141.167 Border Border Verbal Categories ind Indonesian 2 Inflectional optative absent 0.000 106.000 Malayic Austronesian Verbal Categories iqu Iquito 2 Inflectional optative absent -3.250 -74.000 Zaparoan Zaparoan Verbal Categories irq Iraqw 2 Inflectional optative absent -4.000 35.500 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories iri Irish 2 Inflectional optative absent 53.000 -8.000 Celtic Indo-European Verbal Categories jak Jakaltek 2 Inflectional optative absent 15.667 -91.667 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories jpn Japanese 2 Inflectional optative absent 37.000 140.000 Japanese Japanese Verbal Categories nan Nandi 2 Inflectional optative absent 0.250 35.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories kmk Kalmyk 2 Inflectional optative absent 44.000 83.000 Mongolic Altaic Verbal Categories knd Kannada 2 Inflectional optative absent 14.000 76.000 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories knr Kanuri 2 Inflectional optative absent 12.000 13.000 Western Saharan Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories ham Hamtai 2 Inflectional optative absent -7.500 146.250 Angan Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories krk Karok 2 Inflectional optative absent 41.667 -123.000 Karok Karok Verbal Categories kas Kashmiri 2 Inflectional optative absent 34.000 76.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories ktz Kati (in Afghanistan) 2 Inflectional optative absent 35.500 70.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories kyl Kayah Li (Eastern) 2 Inflectional optative absent 19.000 97.500 Karen Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories kay Kayardild 2 Inflectional optative absent -17.050 139.500 Tangkic Australian Verbal Categories kaz Kazakh 2 Inflectional optative absent 50.000 70.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories ker Kera 2 Inflectional optative absent 9.833 15.083 East Chadic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories ket Ket 2 Inflectional optative absent 64.000 87.000 Yeniseian Yeniseian Verbal Categories kte Kete 2 Inflectional optative absent -7.000 22.833 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kew Kewa 2 Inflectional optative absent -6.500 143.833 Engan Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories khk Khakas 2 Inflectional optative absent 53.000 90.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories kty Khanty 2 Inflectional optative absent 65.000 65.000 Ugric Uralic Verbal Categories kmu Khmu' 2 Inflectional optative absent 21.000 102.000 Palaung-Khmuic Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories kho Khoekhoe 2 Inflectional optative absent -25.500 18.000 Central Khoisan Khoisan Verbal Categories klv Kilivila 2 Inflectional optative absent -8.500 151.083 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories kim Kimaghama 2 Inflectional optative absent -8.000 138.500 Kolopom Kolopom Verbal Categories kio Kiowa 2 Inflectional optative absent 37.000 -99.000 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Verbal Categories krb Kiribati 2 Inflectional optative absent 1.333 173.000 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories kis Kisi 2 Inflectional optative absent 8.833 -10.167 Southern Atlantic Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kiw Kiwai 2 Inflectional optative absent -8.000 143.500 Kiwaian Kiwaian Verbal Categories koa Koasati 2 Inflectional optative absent 34.833 -85.167 Muskogean Muskogean Verbal Categories kob Kobon 2 Inflectional optative absent -5.167 144.333 Madang Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories kok Kokborok 2 Inflectional optative absent 24.333 92.500 Bodo-Garo Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories kon Kongo 2 Inflectional optative absent -5.000 15.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories krn Korana 2 Inflectional optative absent -29.500 20.500 Central Khoisan Khoisan Verbal Categories kor Korean 2 Inflectional optative absent 37.500 128.000 Korean Korean Verbal Categories kfe Koromfe 2 Inflectional optative absent 14.250 -0.917 Gur Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kry Koryak 2 Inflectional optative absent 61.000 167.000 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Verbal Categories kpe Kpelle 2 Inflectional optative absent 7.000 -10.000 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kro Krongo 2 Inflectional optative absent 10.500 30.000 Kadugli Kadugli Verbal Categories kmp Kunimaipa 2 Inflectional optative absent -8.000 146.833 Goilalan Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories kji Kurmanji 2 Inflectional optative absent 38.000 42.000 Iranian Indo-European Verbal Categories kut Kutenai 2 Inflectional optative absent 49.500 -116.000 Kutenai Kutenai Verbal Categories kwa Kwaio 2 Inflectional optative absent -8.950 161.000 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories lah Lahu 2 Inflectional optative absent 20.000 98.167 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories lkt Lakhota 2 Inflectional optative absent 43.833 -101.833 Siouan Siouan Verbal Categories lan Lango 2 Inflectional optative absent 2.167 33.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories lat Latvian 2 Inflectional optative absent 57.000 24.000 Baltic Indo-European Verbal Categories lav Lavukaleve 2 Inflectional optative absent -9.083 159.200 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Verbal Categories lep Lepcha 2 Inflectional optative absent 27.167 88.500 Lepcha Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories lin Lingala 2 Inflectional optative absent 2.000 18.500 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories loz Lozi 2 Inflectional optative absent -17.833 26.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories luo Luo 2 Inflectional optative absent -0.500 34.750 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories luv Luvale 2 Inflectional optative absent -12.000 22.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories mab Maba 2 Inflectional optative absent 13.750 20.833 Maban Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories mac Macushi 2 Inflectional optative absent 4.000 -60.000 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories mai Maithili 2 Inflectional optative absent 26.000 86.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories mak Makah 2 Inflectional optative absent 48.333 -124.667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Verbal Categories mal Malagasy 2 Inflectional optative absent -20.000 47.000 Barito Austronesian Verbal Categories mym Malayalam 2 Inflectional optative absent 10.000 76.500 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories mam Mam 2 Inflectional optative absent 15.000 -91.833 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories mnm Manam 2 Inflectional optative absent -4.000 145.000 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories mdk Mandinka 2 Inflectional optative absent 13.000 -15.667 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories myi Mangarrayi 2 Inflectional optative absent -14.667 133.500 Mangarrayi Australian Verbal Categories man Mano 2 Inflectional optative absent 7.000 -9.000 Eastern Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories nma Naga (Mao) 2 Inflectional optative absent 25.500 94.333 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories mao Maori 2 Inflectional optative absent -40.000 176.000 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories map Mapudungun 2 Inflectional optative absent -38.000 -72.000 Araucanian Araucanian Verbal Categories mku Maranungku 2 Inflectional optative absent -13.667 130.000 Western Daly Australian Verbal Categories mme Mari (Meadow) 2 Inflectional optative absent 57.000 48.000 Mari Uralic Verbal Categories mrt Martuthunira 2 Inflectional optative absent -20.833 116.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories wch Wichí 2 Inflectional optative absent -22.500 -62.583 Matacoan Matacoan Verbal Categories may Maybrat 2 Inflectional optative absent -1.333 132.500 North-Central Bird's Head West Papuan Verbal Categories mss Miwok (Southern Sierra) 2 Inflectional optative absent 37.500 -120.000 Miwok Penutian Verbal Categories mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 2 Inflectional optative absent 17.050 -97.583 Mixtecan Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories mok Mokilese 2 Inflectional optative absent 6.667 159.750 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories mon Mon 2 Inflectional optative absent 14.833 100.500 Monic Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories mgo Mongo 2 Inflectional optative absent 0.000 21.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories mop Mopan 2 Inflectional optative absent 16.583 -88.667 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories mro Moro 2 Inflectional optative absent 11.000 30.167 Heiban Niger-Congo Verbal Categories nht Nahuatl (Tetelcingo) 2 Inflectional optative absent 19.667 -99.000 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories nav Navajo 2 Inflectional optative absent 36.167 -108.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Verbal Categories ndy Ndyuka 2 Inflectional optative absent 4.500 -54.500 Creoles and Pidgins other Verbal Categories nen Nenets 2 Inflectional optative absent 69.000 72.000 Samoyedic Uralic Verbal Categories new Newari (Kathmandu) 2 Inflectional optative absent 27.667 85.500 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories nez Nez Perce 2 Inflectional optative absent 46.000 -116.000 Sahaptian Penutian Verbal Categories ngl Ngalakan 2 Inflectional optative absent -14.250 134.000 Ngalakan Australian Verbal Categories nga Nganasan 2 Inflectional optative absent 71.000 93.000 Samoyedic Uralic Verbal Categories nti Ngiti 2 Inflectional optative absent 1.333 30.250 Lendu Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories ngi Ngiyambaa 2 Inflectional optative absent -31.750 145.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories niu Niuean 2 Inflectional optative absent -19.050 -170.117 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories niv Nivkh 2 Inflectional optative absent 53.333 142.000 Nivkh Nivkh Verbal Categories nko Nkore-Kiga 2 Inflectional optative absent -0.917 29.833 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories nor Norwegian 2 Inflectional optative absent 61.000 8.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories nbd Nubian (Dongolese) 2 Inflectional optative absent 18.250 30.750 Nubian Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories nun Nung (in Vietnam) 2 Inflectional optative absent 21.917 106.417 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Verbal Categories nug Nunggubuyu 2 Inflectional optative absent -13.750 135.667 Nunggubuyu Australian Verbal Categories obo Obolo 2 Inflectional optative absent 4.583 7.833 Cross River Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ond Oneida 2 Inflectional optative absent 43.000 -75.667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Verbal Categories ong Onge 2 Inflectional optative absent 10.750 92.417 South Andamanese South Andamanese Verbal Categories orh Oromo (Harar) 2 Inflectional optative absent 9.000 42.000 Eastern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories oss Ossetic 2 Inflectional optative absent 43.000 44.000 Iranian Indo-European Verbal Categories otm Otomí (Mezquital) 2 Inflectional optative absent 20.167 -99.167 Otomian Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories pms Paamese 2 Inflectional optative absent -16.500 168.250 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories pai Paiwan 2 Inflectional optative absent 22.500 120.833 Paiwanic Austronesian Verbal Categories pal Palauan 2 Inflectional optative absent 7.500 134.583 Palauan Austronesian Verbal Categories pnn Pangasinan 2 Inflectional optative absent 15.917 120.333 Northern Philippines Austronesian Verbal Categories pan Panjabi 2 Inflectional optative absent 31.000 74.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories psm Passamaquoddy-Maliseet 2 Inflectional optative absent 45.000 -67.000 Algonquian Algic Verbal Categories pau Paumarí 2 Inflectional optative absent -6.000 -64.000 Arauan Arauan Verbal Categories prs Persian 2 Inflectional optative absent 32.000 54.000 Iranian Indo-European Verbal Categories pip Pipil 2 Inflectional optative absent 13.833 -89.583 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories prh Pirahã 2 Inflectional optative absent -7.000 -62.000 Mura Mura Verbal Categories pit Pitjantjatjara 2 Inflectional optative absent -26.000 130.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories ppi Pitta Pitta 2 Inflectional optative absent -22.833 140.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories pur Purépecha 2 Inflectional optative absent 19.500 -101.667 Tarascan Tarascan Verbal Categories qim Quechua (Imbabura) 2 Inflectional optative absent 0.333 -78.000 Quechuan Quechuan Verbal Categories ram Rama 2 Inflectional optative absent 11.750 -83.750 Rama Chibchan Verbal Categories rap Rapanui 2 Inflectional optative absent -27.117 -109.367 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories rav Romani (Ajia Varvara) 2 Inflectional optative absent 38.000 23.583 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories rus Russian 2 Inflectional optative absent 56.000 38.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories kin Kinyarwanda 2 Inflectional optative absent -2.000 30.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories snm Sanuma 2 Inflectional optative absent 4.500 -64.667 Yanomam Yanomam Verbal Categories sel Selknam 2 Inflectional optative absent -53.000 -70.000 Chon Proper Chon Verbal Categories sml Semelai 2 Inflectional optative absent 3.000 103.000 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories snt Sentani 2 Inflectional optative absent -2.583 140.583 Sentani Sentani Verbal Categories shl Shilluk 2 Inflectional optative absent 9.667 31.750 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories shk Shipibo-Konibo 2 Inflectional optative absent -7.500 -75.000 Panoan Panoan Verbal Categories shn Shona 2 Inflectional optative absent -18.000 31.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories shr Shor 2 Inflectional optative absent 53.000 88.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories shu Shuswap 2 Inflectional optative absent 52.000 -120.000 Interior Salish Salishan Verbal Categories sdh Sindhi 2 Inflectional optative absent 26.000 69.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories sla Slave 2 Inflectional optative absent 67.000 -125.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Verbal Categories slo Slovene 2 Inflectional optative absent 46.000 15.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories som Somali 2 Inflectional optative absent 3.000 45.000 Eastern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories kse Koyraboro Senni 2 Inflectional optative absent 16.000 0.000 Songhay Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories snn Soninke 2 Inflectional optative absent 15.000 -10.500 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories spa Spanish 2 Inflectional optative absent 40.000 -4.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories squ Squamish 2 Inflectional optative absent 49.667 -123.167 Central Salish Salishan Verbal Categories sue Suena 2 Inflectional optative absent -7.750 147.550 Binanderean Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories sup Supyire 2 Inflectional optative absent 11.500 -5.583 Gur Niger-Congo Verbal Categories sus Susu 2 Inflectional optative absent 10.000 -13.000 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories swa Swahili 2 Inflectional optative absent -6.500 39.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories swe Swedish 2 Inflectional optative absent 60.000 15.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories tab Taba 2 Inflectional optative absent 0.000 127.500 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Verbal Categories dbd Dabida 2 Inflectional optative absent -4.000 38.667 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 2 Inflectional optative absent 33.000 -5.000 Berber Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories tsp Tamil (Spoken) 2 Inflectional optative absent 11.000 78.000 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories see Seediq 2 Inflectional optative absent 24.167 121.417 Atayalic Austronesian Verbal Categories tmi Tatar (Mishar) 2 Inflectional optative absent 55.500 49.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories tel Telugu 2 Inflectional optative absent 16.000 79.000 South-Central Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories tha Thai 2 Inflectional optative absent 16.000 101.000 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Verbal Categories thk Thakali 2 Inflectional optative absent 29.000 83.750 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories tgr Tigré 2 Inflectional optative absent 16.500 38.500 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories tiw Tiwi 2 Inflectional optative absent -11.500 131.000 Tiwian Australian Verbal Categories txj Totonac (Xicotepec de Juárez) 2 Inflectional optative absent 20.417 -97.833 Totonacan Totonacan Verbal Categories tru Trumai 2 Inflectional optative absent -11.917 -53.583 Trumai Trumai Verbal Categories tuk Tukang Besi 2 Inflectional optative absent -5.500 123.500 Sulawesi Austronesian Verbal Categories tun Tunica 2 Inflectional optative absent 32.667 -91.000 Tunica Tunica Verbal Categories tur Turkish 2 Inflectional optative absent 39.000 35.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories tuv Tuvan 2 Inflectional optative absent 52.000 95.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories tzu Tzutujil 2 Inflectional optative absent 14.667 -91.333 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories udh Udihe 2 Inflectional optative absent 47.667 136.250 Tungusic Altaic Verbal Categories udm Udmurt 2 Inflectional optative absent 57.500 52.500 Permic Uralic Verbal Categories una Una 2 Inflectional optative absent -4.667 140.000 Mek Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories urd Urdu 2 Inflectional optative absent 25.000 67.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories urk Urubú-Kaapor 2 Inflectional optative absent -2.333 -46.500 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian Verbal Categories usa Usan 2 Inflectional optative absent -4.833 145.167 Madang Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories vie Vietnamese 2 Inflectional optative absent 10.500 106.500 Viet-Muong Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories wam Wambaya 2 Inflectional optative absent -18.667 135.750 West Barkly Australian Verbal Categories wra Warao 2 Inflectional optative absent 9.333 -61.667 Warao Warao Verbal Categories wrd Wardaman 2 Inflectional optative absent -15.500 131.000 Yangmanic Australian Verbal Categories wrk Warekena 2 Inflectional optative absent 1.500 -67.500 Arawakan Arawakan Verbal Categories war Wari' 2 Inflectional optative absent -11.333 -65.000 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Verbal Categories yag Yagua 2 Inflectional optative absent -3.500 -72.000 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Verbal Categories ykt Yakut 2 Inflectional optative absent 62.000 130.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories yaq Yaqui 2 Inflectional optative absent 27.500 -110.250 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories yid Yidiny 2 Inflectional optative absent -17.000 145.750 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories yim Yimas 2 Inflectional optative absent -4.667 143.550 Lower Sepik Lower Sepik-Ramu Verbal Categories yor Yoruba 2 Inflectional optative absent 8.000 4.333 Defoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories yko Yukaghir (Kolyma) 2 Inflectional optative absent 65.750 150.833 Yukaghir Yukaghir Verbal Categories yur Yurok 2 Inflectional optative absent 41.333 -124.000 Yurok Algic Verbal Categories zul Zulu 2 Inflectional optative absent -30.000 30.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories