van der Auwera, Johan & Ammann, Andreas. 2011. Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, feature 76A. Available online at http://wals.info/feature/76A Accessed on 2012-02-08. wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 30.000 31.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories bsq Basque 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 43.000 -3.000 Basque Basque Verbal Categories mnd Mandarin 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 34.000 110.000 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories dsh Danish 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 56.000 10.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories dut Dutch 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 52.500 6.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories eng English 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 52.000 0.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories far Faroese 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 62.000 -7.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories fin Finnish 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 62.000 25.000 Finnic Uralic Verbal Categories fre French 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 48.000 2.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories ger German 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 52.000 10.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories grk Greek (Modern) 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 39.000 22.000 Greek Indo-European Verbal Categories grw Greenlandic (West) 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 64.000 -51.000 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Verbal Categories heb Hebrew (Modern) 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 31.500 34.833 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories iri Irish 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 53.000 -8.000 Celtic Indo-European Verbal Categories ita Italian 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 43.000 12.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories knd Kannada 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 14.000 76.000 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories kas Kashmiri 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 34.000 76.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories lat Latvian 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 57.000 24.000 Baltic Indo-European Verbal Categories lit Lithuanian 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 55.000 24.000 Baltic Indo-European Verbal Categories mcd Macedonian 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 41.667 21.750 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories mlt Maltese 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 35.917 14.417 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories pol Polish 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 52.000 20.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories por Portuguese 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 39.000 -8.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories rom Romanian 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 46.000 25.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories rus Russian 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 56.000 38.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories scr Serbian-Croatian 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 44.000 19.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories slo Slovene 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 46.000 15.000 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories spa Spanish 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 40.000 -4.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories swe Swedish 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 60.000 15.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories tag Tagalog 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 15.000 121.000 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Verbal Categories tel Telugu 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 16.000 79.000 South-Central Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories tha Thai 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 16.000 101.000 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Verbal Categories tur Turkish 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 39.000 35.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories tuv Tuvan 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 52.000 95.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories yim Yimas 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity -4.667 143.550 Lower Sepik Lower Sepik-Ramu Verbal Categories yor Yoruba 1 Overlap for both possibility and necessity 8.000 4.333 Defoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories abk Abkhaz 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 43.083 41.000 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Verbal Categories ace Acehnese 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 5.500 95.500 Malayic Austronesian Verbal Categories ain Ainu 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 43.000 143.000 Ainu Ainu Verbal Categories alb Albanian 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 41.000 20.000 Albanian Indo-European Verbal Categories amr Arabic (Moroccan) 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 34.000 -6.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories arg Arabic (Gulf) 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 26.000 49.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories arm Armenian (Eastern) 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 40.000 45.000 Armenian Indo-European Verbal Categories awp Awa Pit 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 1.500 -78.250 Barbacoan Barbacoan Verbal Categories bal Balinese 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity -8.333 115.250 Bali-Sasak Austronesian Verbal Categories bam Bambara 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 12.500 -7.500 Western Mande Niger-Congo Verbal Categories baw Bawm 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 22.500 92.250 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories brm Burmese 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 21.000 96.000 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories ctl Catalan 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 41.750 2.000 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories cha Chamorro 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 13.450 144.750 Chamorro Austronesian Verbal Categories cnt Cantonese 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 23.000 113.000 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories dni Dani (Lower Grand Valley) 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity -4.333 138.833 Dani Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories fni Fula (Nigerian) 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 8.167 10.500 Northern Atlantic Niger-Congo Verbal Categories geo Georgian 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 42.000 44.000 Kartvelian Kartvelian Verbal Categories hai Haida 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 53.000 -132.000 Haida Haida Verbal Categories hau Hausa 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 12.000 7.000 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories haw Hawaiian 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 19.583 -155.500 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories hin Hindi 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 25.000 77.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories hun Hungarian 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 47.000 20.000 Ugric Uralic Verbal Categories ika Ika 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 10.667 -73.750 Aruak Chibchan Verbal Categories ice Icelandic 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 65.000 -17.000 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories igb Igbo 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 6.000 7.333 Igboid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories irq Iraqw 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity -4.000 35.500 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories jak Jakaltek 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 15.667 -91.667 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories jpn Japanese 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 37.000 140.000 Japanese Japanese Verbal Categories kam Kambera 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity -9.833 120.167 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Verbal Categories kay Kayardild 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity -17.050 139.500 Tangkic Australian Verbal Categories kio Kiowa 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 37.000 -99.000 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Verbal Categories koa Koasati 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 34.833 -85.167 Muskogean Muskogean Verbal Categories kol Kolami 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 20.000 78.500 Central Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories kor Korean 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 37.500 128.000 Korean Korean Verbal Categories kfe Koromfe 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 14.250 -0.917 Gur Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kui Kui (in India) 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 20.000 83.500 South-Central Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories lak Lak 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 42.167 47.167 Lak-Dargwa Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories lan Lango 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 2.167 33.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories lin Lingala 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 2.000 18.500 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories mab Maba 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 13.750 20.833 Maban Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories mym Malayalam 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 10.000 76.500 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories map Mapudungun 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity -38.000 -72.000 Araucanian Araucanian Verbal Categories mss Miwok (Southern Sierra) 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 37.500 -120.000 Miwok Penutian Verbal Categories nav Navajo 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 36.167 -108.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Verbal Categories nen Nenets 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 69.000 72.000 Samoyedic Uralic Verbal Categories ngi Ngiyambaa 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity -31.750 145.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories ond Oneida 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 43.000 -75.667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Verbal Categories orh Oromo (Harar) 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 9.000 42.000 Eastern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories prs Persian 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 32.000 54.000 Iranian Indo-European Verbal Categories rap Rapanui 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity -27.117 -109.367 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories rka Romani (Kalderash) 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 45.000 21.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories san Sango 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 5.000 18.000 Ubangi Niger-Congo Verbal Categories kse Koyraboro Senni 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 16.000 0.000 Songhay Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories swa Swahili 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity -6.500 39.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories tml Tamil 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 11.000 78.500 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories ngt Naga (Tangkhul) 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 25.000 94.500 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories teo Teop 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity -5.667 155.000 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories udh Udihe 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 47.667 136.250 Tungusic Altaic Verbal Categories vie Vietnamese 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 10.500 106.500 Viet-Muong Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories wel Welsh 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 52.000 -3.000 Celtic Indo-European Verbal Categories wlf Wolof 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 15.250 -16.000 Northern Atlantic Niger-Congo Verbal Categories zul Zulu 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity -30.000 30.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories coo Coos (Hanis) 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 43.500 -124.167 Coosan Oregon Coast Verbal Categories ewe Ewe 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity 6.333 0.417 Kwa Niger-Congo Verbal Categories fue Futuna (East) 2 Overlap for either possibility or necessity -14.333 -178.167 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories aco Acoma 3 No overlap 34.917 -107.583 Keresan Keresan Verbal Categories akn Akan 3 No overlap 6.500 -1.250 Kwa Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ame Amele 3 No overlap -5.250 145.583 Madang Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories amh Amharic 3 No overlap 10.000 38.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories ana Araona 3 No overlap -12.333 -67.750 Tacanan Tacanan Verbal Categories asm Asmat 3 No overlap -5.500 138.500 Asmat-Kamoro Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories aym Aymara 3 No overlap -17.000 -69.000 Aymaran Aymaran Verbal Categories brs Barasano 3 No overlap -0.167 -70.667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Verbal Categories bkr Batak (Karo) 3 No overlap 3.250 98.250 Sumatra Austronesian Verbal Categories brh Brahui 3 No overlap 28.500 67.000 Northern Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories cyv Cayuvava 3 No overlap -13.500 -65.500 Cayuvava Cayuvava Verbal Categories chk Chukchi 3 No overlap 67.000 -173.000 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Verbal Categories cre Cree (Plains) 3 No overlap 54.000 -110.000 Algonquian Algic Verbal Categories dag Daga 3 No overlap -10.000 149.333 Dagan Dagan Verbal Categories dre Drehu 3 No overlap -21.000 167.250 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories die Diegueño (Mesa Grande) 3 No overlap 32.667 -116.167 Yuman Hokan Verbal Categories eka Ekari 3 No overlap -3.833 135.500 Wissel Lakes-Kemandoga Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories eve Evenki 3 No overlap 56.000 125.000 Tungusic Altaic Verbal Categories fij Fijian 3 No overlap -17.833 178.000 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories gar Garo 3 No overlap 25.667 90.500 Bodo-Garo Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories hzb Hunzib 3 No overlap 42.167 46.250 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories imo Imonda 3 No overlap -3.333 141.167 Border Border Verbal Categories ind Indonesian 3 No overlap 0.000 106.000 Malayic Austronesian Verbal Categories mie Mien 3 No overlap 25.000 111.000 Hmong-Mien Hmong-Mien Verbal Categories kmu Khmu' 3 No overlap 21.000 102.000 Palaung-Khmuic Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories knr Kanuri 3 No overlap 12.000 13.000 Western Saharan Nilo-Saharan Verbal Categories ham Hamtai 3 No overlap -7.500 146.250 Angan Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories ker Kera 3 No overlap 9.833 15.083 East Chadic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories ket Ket 3 No overlap 64.000 87.000 Yeniseian Yeniseian Verbal Categories kha Khalkha 3 No overlap 47.000 105.000 Mongolic Altaic Verbal Categories kty Khanty 3 No overlap 65.000 65.000 Ugric Uralic Verbal Categories khs Khasi 3 No overlap 25.500 92.000 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories kho Khoekhoe 3 No overlap -25.500 18.000 Central Khoisan Khoisan Verbal Categories klv Kilivila 3 No overlap -8.500 151.083 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories kob Kobon 3 No overlap -5.167 144.333 Madang Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories kut Kutenai 3 No overlap 49.500 -116.000 Kutenai Kutenai Verbal Categories lad Ladakhi 3 No overlap 34.000 78.000 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories lkt Lakhota 3 No overlap 43.833 -101.833 Siouan Siouan Verbal Categories lav Lavukaleve 3 No overlap -9.083 159.200 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Verbal Categories lep Lepcha 3 No overlap 27.167 88.500 Lepcha Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories lez Lezgian 3 No overlap 41.667 47.833 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories mai Maithili 3 No overlap 26.000 86.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories mal Malagasy 3 No overlap -20.000 47.000 Barito Austronesian Verbal Categories myi Mangarrayi 3 No overlap -14.667 133.500 Mangarrayi Australian Verbal Categories mns Mansi 3 No overlap 62.000 62.000 Ugric Uralic Verbal Categories nma Naga (Mao) 3 No overlap 25.500 94.333 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories mao Maori 3 No overlap -40.000 176.000 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories mku Maranungku 3 No overlap -13.667 130.000 Western Daly Australian Verbal Categories mhi Marathi 3 No overlap 19.000 76.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories mrd Marind 3 No overlap -7.833 140.167 Marind Proper Marind Verbal Categories wch Wichí 3 No overlap -22.500 -62.583 Matacoan Matacoan Verbal Categories meh Mehri 3 No overlap 17.000 51.500 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories mei Meithei 3 No overlap 24.750 94.000 Kuki-Chin Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 3 No overlap 17.050 -97.583 Mixtecan Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories mok Mokilese 3 No overlap 6.667 159.750 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories mna Muna 3 No overlap -5.000 122.500 Sulawesi Austronesian Verbal Categories mdg Mundang 3 No overlap 9.667 14.500 Adamawa Niger-Congo Verbal Categories mun Mundari 3 No overlap 23.000 84.667 Munda Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories nht Nahuatl (Tetelcingo) 3 No overlap 19.667 -99.000 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories ndy Ndyuka 3 No overlap 4.500 -54.500 Creoles and Pidgins other Verbal Categories nez Nez Perce 3 No overlap 46.000 -116.000 Sahaptian Penutian Verbal Categories niv Nivkh 3 No overlap 53.333 142.000 Nivkh Nivkh Verbal Categories nko Nkore-Kiga 3 No overlap -0.917 29.833 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories nug Nunggubuyu 3 No overlap -13.750 135.667 Nunggubuyu Australian Verbal Categories otm Otomí (Mezquital) 3 No overlap 20.167 -99.167 Otomian Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories pai Paiwan 3 No overlap 22.500 120.833 Paiwanic Austronesian Verbal Categories psm Passamaquoddy-Maliseet 3 No overlap 45.000 -67.000 Algonquian Algic Verbal Categories pau Paumarí 3 No overlap -6.000 -64.000 Arauan Arauan Verbal Categories pba Pima Bajo 3 No overlap 29.000 -111.000 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories pit Pitjantjatjara 3 No overlap -26.000 130.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Verbal Categories pso Pomo (Southeastern) 3 No overlap 39.000 -122.500 Pomoan Hokan Verbal Categories pan Panjabi 3 No overlap 31.000 74.000 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories qim Quechua (Imbabura) 3 No overlap 0.333 -78.000 Quechuan Quechuan Verbal Categories tor Toratán 3 No overlap 1.083 124.833 Sulawesi Austronesian Verbal Categories sno Saami (Northern) 3 No overlap 69.000 24.000 Saami Uralic Verbal Categories snm Sanuma 3 No overlap 4.500 -64.667 Yanomam Yanomam Verbal Categories sel Selknam 3 No overlap -53.000 -70.000 Chon Proper Chon Verbal Categories sml Semelai 3 No overlap 3.000 103.000 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories shk Shipibo-Konibo 3 No overlap -7.500 -75.000 Panoan Panoan Verbal Categories sla Slave 3 No overlap 67.000 -125.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Verbal Categories som Somali 3 No overlap 3.000 45.000 Eastern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories squ Squamish 3 No overlap 49.667 -123.167 Central Salish Salishan Verbal Categories sup Supyire 3 No overlap 11.500 -5.583 Gur Niger-Congo Verbal Categories tab Taba 3 No overlap 0.000 127.500 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Verbal Categories tgr Tigré 3 No overlap 16.500 38.500 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories tli Tlingit 3 No overlap 59.000 -135.000 Tlingit Na-Dene Verbal Categories tru Trumai 3 No overlap -11.917 -53.583 Trumai Trumai Verbal Categories tuk Tukang Besi 3 No overlap -5.500 123.500 Sulawesi Austronesian Verbal Categories tvl Tuvaluan 3 No overlap -8.500 179.167 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories smt Sahaptin (Umatilla) 3 No overlap 45.667 -118.500 Sahaptian Penutian Verbal Categories una Una 3 No overlap -4.667 140.000 Mek Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories ung Ungarinjin 3 No overlap -16.333 126.000 Wororan Australian Verbal Categories usa Usan 3 No overlap -4.833 145.167 Madang Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories uzb Uzbek 3 No overlap 39.000 66.000 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories bab Babungo 3 No overlap 6.117 10.417 Bantoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories vot Votic 3 No overlap 59.500 30.000 Finnic Uralic Verbal Categories wam Wambaya 3 No overlap -18.667 135.750 West Barkly Australian Verbal Categories wra Warao 3 No overlap 9.333 -61.667 Warao Warao Verbal Categories yaq Yaqui 3 No overlap 27.500 -110.250 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories yuc Yuchi 3 No overlap 35.750 -86.750 Yuchi Yuchi Verbal Categories yko Yukaghir (Kolyma) 3 No overlap 65.750 150.833 Yukaghir Yukaghir Verbal Categories ypk Yup'ik (Central) 3 No overlap 59.500 -160.000 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Verbal Categories yur Yurok 3 No overlap 41.333 -124.000 Yurok Algic Verbal Categories zya Zapotec (Yatzachi) 3 No overlap 17.200 -96.200 Zapotecan Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories zqc Zoque (Copainalá) 3 No overlap 17.000 -93.250 Mixe-Zoque Mixe-Zoque Verbal Categories