Ljuba N. Veselinova. 2013. Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect. In: Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.) WALS Online (v2020.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13950591 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/79, Accessed on 2026-06-12.) wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area xun !Xun (Ekoka) 4 None -19.6666666667 18.0 Ju-Kung Kxa Verbal Categories abk Abkhaz 1 Tense 43.0833333333 41.0 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Verbal Categories aco Acoma 4 None 34.9166666667 -107.583333333 Keresan Keresan Verbal Categories ain Ainu 4 None 43.0 143.0 Ainu Ainu Verbal Categories agw Alagwa 4 None -5.5 35.75 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories ala Alamblak 1 Tense -4.66666666667 143.333333333 Sepik Hill Sepik Verbal Categories ame Amele 4 None -5.25 145.583333333 Mabuso Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories apu Apurinã 4 None -9.0 -67.0 Purus Arawakan Verbal Categories abn Arabana 4 None -28.25 136.25 Central Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Verbal Categories aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 4 None 30.0 31.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories amr Arabic (Moroccan) 4 None 34.0 -6.0 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories atu Arabic (Tunisian) 4 None 36.75 10.25 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories ana Araona 4 None -12.3333333333 -67.75 Tacanan Pano-Tacanan Verbal Categories arp Arapesh (Mountain) 4 None -3.46666666667 143.166666667 Kombio-Arapesh Torricelli Verbal Categories arm Armenian (Eastern) 3 Tense and aspect 40.0 45.0 Armenian Indo-European Verbal Categories asm Asmat 4 None -5.5 138.5 Asmat-Kamrau Bay Asmat-Kamrau Bay Verbal Categories awp Awa Pit 1 Tense 1.5 -78.25 Barbacoan Barbacoan Verbal Categories aym Aymara (Central) 4 None -17.0 -69.0 Aymaran Aymaran Verbal Categories bag Bagirmi 4 None 11.6666666667 16.0 Bongo-Bagirmi Central Sudanic Verbal Categories brs Barasano 4 None -0.166666666667 -70.6666666667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Verbal Categories bsq Basque 1 Tense 43.0 -3.0 Basque Basque Verbal Categories blr Belorussian 3 Tense and aspect 54.0 28.0 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories ben Bengali 3 Tense and aspect 24.0 90.0 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 4 None 33.0 -5.0 Berber Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories brh Brahui 1 Tense 28.5 67.0 Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories bul Bulgarian 1 Tense 42.5 25.0 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories brm Burmese 4 None 21.0 96.0 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories bur Burushaski 3 Tense and aspect 36.5 74.5 Burushaski Burushaski Verbal Categories cah Cahuilla 4 None 33.5 -116.25 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories cnl Canela 4 None -7.0 -45.0 Je Setentrional Macro-Ge Verbal Categories cnt Cantonese 4 None 23.0 113.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories car Carib 1 Tense 5.5 -56.0 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories cyv Cayuvava 4 None -13.5 -65.5 Cayuvava Cayuvava Verbal Categories cha Chamorro 1 Tense 13.45 144.75 Chamorro Austronesian Verbal Categories cle Chinantec (Lealao) 2 Aspect 17.3333333333 -95.9166666667 Chinantecan Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories chk Chukchi 4 None 67.0 -173.0 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Verbal Categories cmn Comanche 4 None 33.5 -101.5 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories cre Cree (Plains) 4 None 54.0 -110.0 Algonquian Algic Verbal Categories cze Czech 3 Tense and aspect 50.0 15.0 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories dag Daga 4 None -10.0 149.333333333 Dagan Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories dni Dani (Lower Grand Valley) 4 None -4.33333333333 138.833333333 Dani Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories dio Diola-Fogny 4 None 13.0 -16.25 Jola Niger-Congo Verbal Categories dut Dutch 1 Tense 52.5 6.0 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories eng English 1 Tense 52.0 0.0 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories eve Evenki 4 None 56.0 125.0 Tungusic Altaic Verbal Categories ewe Ewe 1 Tense 6.33333333333 0.416666666667 Gbe Niger-Congo Verbal Categories fij Fijian 4 None -17.8333333333 178.0 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories fin Finnish 4 None 62.0 25.0 Finnic Uralic Verbal Categories fre French 3 Tense and aspect 48.0 2.0 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories fur Fur 1 Tense 13.5 25.0 Fur Fur Verbal Categories gar Garo 4 None 25.6666666667 90.5 Brahmaputran Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories grf Garífuna 4 None 15.6666666667 -88.0 Antillean Arawakan Arawakan Verbal Categories geo Georgian 3 Tense and aspect 42.0 44.0 Kartvelian Kartvelian Verbal Categories ger German 1 Tense 52.0 10.0 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories goo Gooniyandi 4 None -18.3333333333 126.333333333 Bunuban Bunuban Verbal Categories grb Grebo 4 None 5.0 -8.0 Kru Niger-Congo Verbal Categories grk Greek (Modern) 3 Tense and aspect 39.0 22.0 Greek Indo-European Verbal Categories grw Greenlandic (West) 4 None 64.0 -51.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Verbal Categories gua Guaraní 4 None -26.0 -56.0 Maweti-Guarani Tupian Verbal Categories hau Hausa 4 None 12.0 7.0 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories heb Hebrew (Modern) 1 Tense 31.5 34.8333333333 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories hin Hindi 3 Tense and aspect 25.0 77.0 Indic Indo-European Verbal Categories hix Hixkaryana 1 Tense -1.0 -59.0 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories hop Hopi 4 None 36.0 -110.0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories hun Hungarian 1 Tense 47.0 20.0 Ugric Uralic Verbal Categories hzb Hunzib 1 Tense 42.1666666667 46.25 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories hup Hupa 4 None 41.0833333333 -123.666666667 Athapaskan Na-Dene Verbal Categories igb Igbo 4 None 6.0 7.33333333333 Igboid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories ika Ika 2 Aspect 10.6666666667 -73.75 Arhuacic Chibchan Verbal Categories imo Imonda 4 None -3.33333333333 141.166666667 Border Border Verbal Categories ind Indonesian 4 None 0.0 106.0 Malayo-Sumbawan Austronesian Verbal Categories ing Ingush 3 Tense and aspect 43.1666666667 45.0833333333 Nakh Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories irq Iraqw 4 None -4.0 35.5 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories iri Irish 3 Tense and aspect 53.0 -8.0 Celtic Indo-European Verbal Categories jak Jakaltek 4 None 15.6666666667 -91.6666666667 Mayan Mayan Verbal Categories jpn Japanese 4 None 37.0 140.0 Japanese Japanese Verbal Categories knd Kannada 1 Tense 14.0 76.0 Dravidian Dravidian Verbal Categories knr Kanuri 1 Tense 12.0 13.0 Western Saharan Saharan Verbal Categories kay Kayardild 4 None -17.05 139.5 Tangkic Tangkic Verbal Categories ket Ket 4 None 64.0 87.0 Yeniseian Yeniseian Verbal Categories kew Kewa 1 Tense -6.5 143.833333333 Enga_Kewa-Huli Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories kha Khalkha 4 None 47.0 105.0 Mongolic Altaic Verbal Categories khs Khasi 4 None 25.5 92.0 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories khm Khmer 4 None 12.5 105.0 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories klv Kilivila 4 None -8.5 151.083333333 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories kio Kiowa 4 None 37.0 -99.0 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Verbal Categories koa Koasati 4 None 34.8333333333 -85.1666666667 Muskogean Muskogean Verbal Categories kor Korean 4 None 37.5 128.0 Korean Korean Verbal Categories kse Koyraboro Senni 4 None 16.0 0.0 Songhay Songhay Verbal Categories kro Krongo 4 None 10.5 30.0 Kadugli Kadu Verbal Categories knm Kunama 4 None 14.5 37.0 Kunama Kunama Verbal Categories kuo Kuot 1 Tense -3.05 151.5 Kuot Kuot Verbal Categories kut Kutenai 4 None 49.5 -116.0 Kutenai Kutenai Verbal Categories lad Ladakhi 4 None 34.0 78.0 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories lkt Lakhota 4 None 43.8333333333 -101.833333333 Mississippi Valley Siouan Siouan Verbal Categories lan Lango 4 None 2.16666666667 33.0 Western Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Verbal Categories lat Latvian 1 Tense 57.0 24.0 Baltic Indo-European Verbal Categories lav Lavukaleve 4 None -9.08333333333 159.2 Lavukaleve Solomons East Papuan Verbal Categories lez Lezgian 3 Tense and aspect 41.6666666667 47.8333333333 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Verbal Categories luv Luvale 4 None -12.0 22.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Verbal Categories mcd Macedonian 1 Tense 41.6666666667 21.75 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories mac Macushi 1 Tense 4.0 -60.0 Cariban Cariban Verbal Categories mak Makah 4 None 48.3333333333 -124.666666667 Southern Wakashan Wakashan Verbal Categories mal Malagasy 4 None -20.0 47.0 Barito Austronesian Verbal Categories mlt Maltese 4 None 35.9166666667 14.4166666667 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories mnd Mandarin 4 None 34.0 110.0 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories myi Mangarrayi 4 None -14.6666666667 133.5 Mangarrayi Mangarrayi-Maran Verbal Categories maw Maninka (Western) 4 None 13.0 -11.0 Western Mande Mande Verbal Categories mao Maori 4 None -40.0 176.0 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories map Mapudungun 4 None -38.0 -72.0 Araucanian Araucanian Verbal Categories mra Mara 2 Aspect -15.0 135.166666667 Mara Mangarrayi-Maran Verbal Categories mku Maranungku 4 None -13.6666666667 130.0 Wagaydy Western Daly Verbal Categories mar Maricopa 4 None 33.1666666667 -113.166666667 Yuman Hokan Verbal Categories mrt Martuthunira 4 None -20.8333333333 116.5 Western Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Verbal Categories mau Maung 1 Tense -11.9166666667 133.5 Iwaidjan Iwaidjan Verbal Categories may Maybrat 4 None -1.33333333333 132.5 Maybrat Maybrat Verbal Categories mei Meithei 4 None 24.75 94.0 Manipuri Sino-Tibetan Verbal Categories mss Miwok (Southern Sierra) 4 None 37.5 -120.0 Miwok Penutian Verbal Categories mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 2 Aspect 17.05 -97.5833333333 Mixtec Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories mok Mokilese 4 None 6.66666666667 159.75 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories mun Mundari 1 Tense 23.0 84.6666666667 Munda Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories mup Mupun 4 None 9.5 8.83333333333 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories mrl Murle 4 None 6.5 33.5 South Surmic Eastern Sudanic Verbal Categories nht Nahuatl (Tetelcingo) 3 Tense and aspect 19.6666666667 -99.0 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories kho Nama 1 Tense -25.5 18.0 Khoe-Kwadi Khoe-Kwadi Verbal Categories nav Navajo 4 None 36.1666666667 -108.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Verbal Categories ndy Ndyuka 4 None 4.5 -54.5 Creoles and Pidgins other Verbal Categories ntu Nenets 4 None 70.0 76.0 Samoyedic Uralic Verbal Categories ngi Ngiyambaa 4 None -31.75 145.5 Southeastern Pama-Nyungan Pama-Nyungan Verbal Categories niv Nivkh 4 None 53.3333333333 142.0 Nivkh Nivkh Verbal Categories nug Nunggubuyu 2 Aspect -13.75 135.666666667 Nunggubuyu Gunwinyguan Verbal Categories ond Oneida 2 Aspect 43.0 -75.6666666667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Verbal Categories orb Oromo (Boraana) 4 None 4.5 38.5 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories orh Oromo (Harar) 1 Tense 9.0 42.0 Lowland East Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories oix Otomí (Ixtenco) 2 Aspect 19.0833333333 -97.9166666667 Otomian Oto-Manguean Verbal Categories psh Pashto 3 Tense and aspect 33.0 67.0 Iranian Indo-European Verbal Categories psm Passamaquoddy-Maliseet 4 None 45.0 -67.0 Algonquian Algic Verbal Categories prs Persian 3 Tense and aspect 32.0 54.0 Iranian Indo-European Verbal Categories pip Pipil 1 Tense 13.8333333333 -89.5833333333 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories prh Pirahã 4 None -7.0 -62.0 Mura Mura Verbal Categories pol Polish 3 Tense and aspect 52.0 20.0 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories pme Pomo (Eastern) 4 None 39.0 -122.666666667 Pomoan Hokan Verbal Categories qaw Qawasqar 4 None -49.0 -75.0 Alacalufan Alacalufan Verbal Categories qim Quechua (Imbabura) 4 None 0.333333333333 -78.0 Quechuan Quechuan Verbal Categories ram Rama 4 None 11.75 -83.75 Rama Chibchan Verbal Categories rap Rapanui 4 None -27.1166666667 -109.366666667 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories rus Russian 3 Tense and aspect 56.0 38.0 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories sam Samoan 4 None -13.9166666667 -171.833333333 Oceanic Austronesian Verbal Categories san Sango 4 None 5.0 18.0 Ubangi Niger-Congo Verbal Categories snm Sanuma 4 None 4.5 -64.6666666667 Yanomam Yanomam Verbal Categories sel Selknam 4 None -53.0 -70.0 Chonan Proper Chonan Verbal Categories sml Semelai 4 None 3.0 103.0 Aslian Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories snc Seneca 4 None 42.5 -77.5 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Verbal Categories snt Sentani 4 None -2.58333333333 140.583333333 Sentanic Sentanic Verbal Categories scr Serbian-Croatian 3 Tense and aspect 44.0 19.0 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories ses Sesotho 4 None -28.0 27.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Verbal Categories shk Shipibo-Konibo 4 None -7.5 -75.0 Panoan Pano-Tacanan Verbal Categories sla Slave 2 Aspect 67.0 -125.0 Athapaskan Na-Dene Verbal Categories svk Slovak 3 Tense and aspect 49.0 20.0 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories slo Slovene 3 Tense and aspect 46.0 15.0 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories sou Sorbian (Upper) 3 Tense and aspect 51.8333333333 14.5 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories spa Spanish 3 Tense and aspect 40.0 -4.0 Romance Indo-European Verbal Categories squ Squamish 4 None 49.6666666667 -123.166666667 Central Salish Salishan Verbal Categories sue Suena 1 Tense -7.75 147.55 Binanderean Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories sup Supyire 3 Tense and aspect 11.5 -5.58333333333 Senufo Niger-Congo Verbal Categories swa Swahili 4 None -6.5 39.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Verbal Categories swe Swedish 1 Tense 60.0 15.0 Germanic Indo-European Verbal Categories tab Taba 4 None 0.0 127.5 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Verbal Categories tag Tagalog 4 None 15.0 121.0 Greater Central Philippine Austronesian Verbal Categories tpn Tepehuan (Northern) 2 Aspect 26.3333333333 -107.0 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories tha Thai 4 None 16.0 101.0 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Verbal Categories tiw Tiwi 4 None -11.5 131.0 Tiwian Tiwian Verbal Categories tru Trumai 4 None -11.9166666667 -53.5833333333 Trumai Trumai Verbal Categories tuk Tukang Besi 1 Tense -5.5 123.5 Celebic Austronesian Verbal Categories tna Turkana 1 Tense 3.0 35.5 Eastern Nilotic Eastern Sudanic Verbal Categories tur Turkish 1 Tense 39.0 35.0 Turkic Altaic Verbal Categories ukr Ukrainian 3 Tense and aspect 49.0 33.0 Slavic Indo-European Verbal Categories usa Usan 1 Tense -4.83333333333 145.166666667 North Adelbert Trans-New Guinea Verbal Categories ute Ute 4 None 39.0 -109.0 Northern Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories vie Vietnamese 4 None 10.5 106.5 Vietic Austro-Asiatic Verbal Categories wra Warao 4 None 9.33333333333 -61.6666666667 Warao Warao Verbal Categories war Wari' 4 None -11.3333333333 -65.0 Chapacura-Wanham Chapacura-Wanham Verbal Categories wic Wichita 2 Aspect 33.3333333333 -97.3333333333 Northern Caddoan Caddoan Verbal Categories wch Wichí 4 None -22.5 -62.5833333333 Matacoan Matacoan Verbal Categories wly Wolaytta 4 None 6.83333333333 37.75 Ta-Ne-Omotic Afro-Asiatic Verbal Categories yag Yagua 4 None -3.5 -72.0 Peba-Yaguan Peba-Yaguan Verbal Categories yaq Yaqui 4 None 27.5 -110.25 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Verbal Categories yim Yimas 1 Tense -4.66666666667 143.55 Lower Sepik Ramu-Lower Sepik Verbal Categories yor Yoruba 4 None 8.0 4.33333333333 Defoid Niger-Congo Verbal Categories yko Yukaghir (Kolyma) 4 None 65.75 150.833333333 Yukaghir Yukaghir Verbal Categories ypk Yup'ik (Central) 4 None 59.5 -160.0 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Verbal Categories zul Zulu 4 None -30.0 30.0 Bantu Niger-Congo Verbal Categories zun Zuni 4 None 35.0833333333 -108.833333333 Zuni Zuni Verbal Categories