Song, Jae Jung. 2008. Periphrastic Causative Constructions. In: Haspelmath, Martin & Dryer, Matthew S. & Gil, David & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, chapter 110. Available online at http://wals.info/feature/110 Accessed on 2009-01-06. wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area ame Amele 1 Sequential but no purposive -5.250 145.583 Madang Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses atc Atchin 1 Sequential but no purposive -16.000 167.333 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses bab Babungo 1 Sequential but no purposive 6.117 10.417 Bantoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses bag Bagirmi 1 Sequential but no purposive 11.667 16.000 Bongo-Bagirmi Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses die Diegueño (Mesa Grande) 1 Sequential but no purposive 32.667 -116.167 Yuman Hokan Simple Clauses diy Diyari 1 Sequential but no purposive -28.000 139.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Simple Clauses eng English 1 Sequential but no purposive 52.000 0.000 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses epe Epena Pedee 1 Sequential but no purposive 3.000 -77.000 Choco Choco Simple Clauses ewe Ewe 1 Sequential but no purposive 6.333 0.417 Kwa Niger-Congo Simple Clauses ger German 1 Sequential but no purposive 52.000 10.000 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses hau Hausa 1 Sequential but no purposive 12.000 7.000 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses hmo Hmong Njua 1 Sequential but no purposive 28.000 105.000 Hmong-Mien Hmong-Mien Simple Clauses igb Igbo 1 Sequential but no purposive 6.000 7.333 Igboid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses ind Indonesian 1 Sequential but no purposive 0.000 106.000 Sundic Austronesian Simple Clauses knr Kanuri 1 Sequential but no purposive 12.000 13.000 Western Saharan Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses kmu Khmu' 1 Sequential but no purposive 21.000 102.000 Palaung-Khmuic Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses klv Kilivila 1 Sequential but no purposive -8.500 151.083 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses kob Kobon 1 Sequential but no purposive -5.167 144.333 Madang Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses kfe Koromfe 1 Sequential but no purposive 14.250 -0.917 Gur Niger-Congo Simple Clauses lav Lavukaleve 1 Sequential but no purposive -9.083 159.200 Lavukaleve Lavukaleve Simple Clauses let Leti 1 Sequential but no purposive -8.200 127.667 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Simple Clauses mnm Manam 1 Sequential but no purposive -4.000 145.000 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses wch Wichí 1 Sequential but no purposive -22.500 -62.583 Matacoan Matacoan Simple Clauses may Maybrat 1 Sequential but no purposive -1.333 132.500 North-Central Bird's Head West Papuan Simple Clauses mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 1 Sequential but no purposive 17.050 -97.583 Mixtecan Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses mul Mulao 1 Sequential but no purposive 25.000 108.000 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses nav Navajo 1 Sequential but no purposive 36.167 -108.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses ndy Ndyuka 1 Sequential but no purposive 5.000 -54.500 Creoles and Pidgins other Simple Clauses pms Paamese 1 Sequential but no purposive -16.500 168.250 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses psm Passamaquoddy-Maliseet 1 Sequential but no purposive 45.000 -67.000 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses rej Rejang 1 Sequential but no purposive -3.417 102.500 Sundic Austronesian Simple Clauses tab Taba 1 Sequential but no purposive 0.000 127.500 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Simple Clauses tna Turkana 1 Sequential but no purposive 3.000 35.500 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses yap Yapese 1 Sequential but no purposive 9.583 138.167 Yapese Austronesian Simple Clauses yay Yay 1 Sequential but no purposive 22.417 104.750 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses abk Abkhaz 2 Purposive but no sequential 43.083 41.000 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Simple Clauses aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 2 Purposive but no sequential 30.000 31.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses arm Armenian (Eastern) 2 Purposive but no sequential 40.000 45.000 Armenian Indo-European Simple Clauses awn Awngi 2 Purposive but no sequential 10.833 36.667 Central Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses bsq Basque 2 Purposive but no sequential 43.000 -3.000 Basque Basque Simple Clauses bkr Batak (Karo) 2 Purposive but no sequential 3.250 98.250 Sundic Austronesian Simple Clauses brm Burmese 2 Purposive but no sequential 21.000 96.000 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses cha Chamorro 2 Purposive but no sequential 13.450 144.750 Chamorro Austronesian Simple Clauses djr Djaru 2 Purposive but no sequential -18.750 128.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Simple Clauses fij Fijian 2 Purposive but no sequential -17.833 178.000 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses fin Finnish 2 Purposive but no sequential 62.000 25.000 Finnic Uralic Simple Clauses geo Georgian 2 Purposive but no sequential 42.000 44.000 Kartvelian Kartvelian Simple Clauses goo Gooniyandi 2 Purposive but no sequential -18.333 126.333 Bunuban Australian Simple Clauses grk Greek (Modern) 2 Purposive but no sequential 39.000 22.000 Greek Indo-European Simple Clauses heb Hebrew (Modern) 2 Purposive but no sequential 31.500 34.833 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses hin Hindi 2 Purposive but no sequential 25.000 77.000 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses aji Ajië 2 Purposive but no sequential -21.333 165.500 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses ika Ika 2 Purposive but no sequential 10.667 -73.750 Aruak Chibchan Simple Clauses iri Irish 2 Purposive but no sequential 53.000 -8.000 Celtic Indo-European Simple Clauses knd Kannada 2 Purposive but no sequential 14.000 76.000 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses kay Kayardild 2 Purposive but no sequential -17.050 139.500 Tangkic Australian Simple Clauses nym Nyamwezi 2 Purposive but no sequential -5.000 33.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses krb Kiribati 2 Purposive but no sequential 1.333 173.000 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses kol Kolami 2 Purposive but no sequential 20.000 78.500 Central Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses kor Korean 2 Purposive but no sequential 37.500 128.000 Korean Korean Simple Clauses kro Krongo 2 Purposive but no sequential 10.500 30.000 Kadugli Kadugli Simple Clauses lah Lahu 2 Purposive but no sequential 20.000 98.167 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses lat Latvian 2 Purposive but no sequential 57.000 24.000 Baltic Indo-European Simple Clauses lep Lepcha 2 Purposive but no sequential 27.167 88.500 Lepcha Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses lez Lezgian 2 Purposive but no sequential 41.667 47.833 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses lim Limbu 2 Purposive but no sequential 27.167 87.750 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses maa Maasai 2 Purposive but no sequential -3.000 36.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses mal Malagasy 2 Purposive but no sequential -20.000 47.000 Borneo Austronesian Simple Clauses mao Maori 2 Purposive but no sequential -40.000 176.000 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses mhi Marathi 2 Purposive but no sequential 19.000 76.000 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses mrt Martuthunira 2 Purposive but no sequential -20.833 116.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Simple Clauses mrl Murle 2 Purposive but no sequential 6.500 33.500 Surmic Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses nht Nahuatl (Tetelcingo) 2 Purposive but no sequential 19.667 -99.000 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses ngi Ngiyambaa 2 Purposive but no sequential -31.750 145.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Simple Clauses ond Oneida 2 Purposive but no sequential 43.000 -75.667 Northern Iroquoian Iroquoian Simple Clauses orh Oromo (Harar) 2 Purposive but no sequential 9.000 42.000 Eastern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses otm Otomí (Mezquital) 2 Purposive but no sequential 20.167 -99.167 Otomian Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses pau Paumarí 2 Purposive but no sequential -6.000 -64.000 Arauan Arauan Simple Clauses prs Persian 2 Purposive but no sequential 32.000 54.000 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses prh Pirahã 2 Purposive but no sequential -7.000 -62.000 Mura Mura Simple Clauses ram Rama 2 Purposive but no sequential 11.750 -83.750 Rama Chibchan Simple Clauses ret Retuarã 2 Purposive but no sequential -0.500 -70.667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Simple Clauses rus Russian 2 Purposive but no sequential 56.000 38.000 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses src Sarcee 2 Purposive but no sequential 52.500 -116.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses shk Shipibo-Konibo 2 Purposive but no sequential -7.500 -75.000 Panoan Panoan Simple Clauses shn Shona 2 Purposive but no sequential -18.000 31.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses shu Shuswap 2 Purposive but no sequential 52.000 -120.000 Interior Salish Salishan Simple Clauses swa Swahili 2 Purposive but no sequential -6.500 39.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses tag Tagalog 2 Purposive but no sequential 15.000 121.000 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Simple Clauses tml Tamil 2 Purposive but no sequential 11.000 78.500 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses tib Tibetan (Standard Spoken) 2 Purposive but no sequential 30.000 91.000 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses tur Turkish 2 Purposive but no sequential 39.000 35.000 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses tzo Tzotzil 2 Purposive but no sequential 16.500 -92.667 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses ung Ungarinjin 2 Purposive but no sequential -16.333 126.000 Wororan Australian Simple Clauses vai Vai 2 Purposive but no sequential 6.917 -11.250 Western Mande Niger-Congo Simple Clauses wam Wambaya 2 Purposive but no sequential -18.667 135.750 West Barkly Australian Simple Clauses war Wari' 2 Purposive but no sequential -11.333 -65.000 Chapacura-Wanhan Chapacura-Wanhan Simple Clauses wrl Warlpiri 2 Purposive but no sequential -20.000 132.333 Pama-Nyungan Australian Simple Clauses wic Wichita 2 Purposive but no sequential 33.333 -97.333 Caddoan Caddoan Simple Clauses yaq Yaqui 2 Purposive but no sequential 27.500 -110.250 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses yid Yidiny 2 Purposive but no sequential -17.000 145.750 Pama-Nyungan Australian Simple Clauses yuw Yuwaalaraay 2 Purposive but no sequential -29.500 148.000 Pama-Nyungan Australian Simple Clauses zul Zulu 2 Purposive but no sequential -30.000 30.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses khm Khmer 3 Both 12.500 105.000 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses hun Hungarian 3 Both 47.000 20.000 Ugric Uralic Simple Clauses jak Jakaltek 3 Both 15.667 -91.667 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses kin Kinyarwanda 3 Both -2.000 30.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses kse Koyraboro Senni 3 Both 16.000 0.000 Songhay Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses knm Kunama 3 Both 14.500 37.000 Kunama Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses lan Lango 3 Both 2.167 33.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses spa Spanish 3 Both 40.000 -4.000 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses sup Supyire 3 Both 11.500 -5.583 Gur Niger-Congo Simple Clauses tha Thai 3 Both 16.000 101.000 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses tuk Tukang Besi 3 Both -5.500 123.500 Sulawesi Austronesian Simple Clauses tvl Tuvaluan 3 Both -8.500 179.167 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses vie Vietnamese 3 Both 10.500 106.500 Viet-Muong Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses yim Yimas 3 Both -4.667 143.550 Lower Sepik Lower Sepik-Ramu Simple Clauses yor Yoruba 3 Both 8.000 4.333 Defoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses