Haspelmath, Martin. 2008. Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation. In: Haspelmath, Martin & Dryer, Matthew S. & Gil, David & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, chapter 115. Available online at http://wals.info/feature/115 Accessed on 2009-01-06. wals code name value description latitude longitude genus family area kkp Karakalpak 1 Predicate negation also present 43.000 60.000 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses kaz Kazakh 1 Predicate negation also present 50.000 70.000 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses eve Evenki 1 Predicate negation also present 56.000 125.000 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses udh Udihe 1 Predicate negation also present 47.667 136.250 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses niv Nivkh 1 Predicate negation also present 53.333 142.000 Nivkh Nivkh Simple Clauses yko Yukaghir (Kolyma) 1 Predicate negation also present 65.750 150.833 Yukaghir Yukaghir Simple Clauses ket Ket 1 Predicate negation also present 64.000 87.000 Yeniseian Yeniseian Simple Clauses sno Saami (Northern) 1 Predicate negation also present 69.000 24.000 Finnic Uralic Simple Clauses moe Mordvin (Erzya) 1 Predicate negation also present 53.000 45.500 Finnic Uralic Simple Clauses kzy Komi-Zyrian 1 Predicate negation also present 65.000 55.000 Finnic Uralic Simple Clauses kty Khanty 1 Predicate negation also present 65.000 65.000 Ugric Uralic Simple Clauses skp Selkup 1 Predicate negation also present 65.000 82.000 Samoyedic Uralic Simple Clauses rus Russian 1 Predicate negation also present 56.000 38.000 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses kob Kobon 1 Predicate negation also present -5.167 144.333 Madang Trans-New Guinea Simple Clauses map Mapudungun 1 Predicate negation also present -38.000 -72.000 Araucanian Araucanian Simple Clauses pae Páez 1 Predicate negation also present 2.667 -76.000 Páezan Páezan Simple Clauses abk Abkhaz 1 Predicate negation also present 43.083 41.000 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Simple Clauses ain Ainu 1 Predicate negation also present 43.000 143.000 Ainu Ainu Simple Clauses aeg Arabic (Egyptian) 1 Predicate negation also present 30.000 31.000 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses ana Araona 1 Predicate negation also present -12.333 -67.750 Tacanan Tacanan Simple Clauses awp Awa Pit 1 Predicate negation also present 1.500 -78.250 Barbacoan Barbacoan Simple Clauses bab Babungo 1 Predicate negation also present 6.117 10.417 Bantoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses bag Bagirmi 1 Predicate negation also present 11.667 16.000 Bongo-Bagirmi Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses bsq Basque 1 Predicate negation also present 43.000 -3.000 Basque Basque Simple Clauses baw Bawm 1 Predicate negation also present 22.500 92.250 Kuki-Chin-Naga Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses brh Brahui 1 Predicate negation also present 28.500 67.000 Northern Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses brm Burmese 1 Predicate negation also present 21.000 96.000 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses ckr Canela-Krahô 1 Predicate negation also present -6.000 -45.000 Ge-Kaingang Macro-Ge Simple Clauses cnt Cantonese 1 Predicate negation also present 23.000 113.000 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses chk Chukchi 1 Predicate negation also present 67.000 -173.000 Northern Chukotko-Kamchatkan Chukotko-Kamchatkan Simple Clauses grw Greenlandic (West) 1 Predicate negation also present 64.000 -51.000 Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut Simple Clauses fin Finnish 1 Predicate negation also present 62.000 25.000 Finnic Uralic Simple Clauses goo Gooniyandi 1 Predicate negation also present -18.333 126.333 Bunuban Australian Simple Clauses grk Greek (Modern) 1 Predicate negation also present 39.000 22.000 Greek Indo-European Simple Clauses gua Guaraní 1 Predicate negation also present -26.000 -56.000 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian Simple Clauses hau Hausa 1 Predicate negation also present 12.000 7.000 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses heb Hebrew (Modern) 1 Predicate negation also present 31.500 34.833 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses hin Hindi 1 Predicate negation also present 25.000 77.000 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses hmo Hmong Njua 1 Predicate negation also present 28.000 105.000 Hmong-Mien Hmong-Mien Simple Clauses hun Hungarian 1 Predicate negation also present 47.000 20.000 Ugric Uralic Simple Clauses hzb Hunzib 1 Predicate negation also present 42.167 46.250 Avar-Andic-Tsezic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses ind Indonesian 1 Predicate negation also present 0.000 106.000 Sundic Austronesian Simple Clauses jpn Japanese 1 Predicate negation also present 37.000 140.000 Japanese Japanese Simple Clauses knd Kannada 1 Predicate negation also present 14.000 76.000 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses kas Kashmiri 1 Predicate negation also present 34.000 76.000 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses ker Kera 1 Predicate negation also present 9.833 15.083 East Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses khs Khasi 1 Predicate negation also present 25.500 92.000 Khasian Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses kmu Khmu' 1 Predicate negation also present 21.000 102.000 Palaung-Khmuic Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses klv Kilivila 1 Predicate negation also present -8.500 151.083 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses kio Kiowa 1 Predicate negation also present 37.000 -99.000 Kiowa-Tanoan Kiowa-Tanoan Simple Clauses kor Korean 1 Predicate negation also present 37.500 128.000 Korean Korean Simple Clauses kfe Koromfe 1 Predicate negation also present 14.250 -0.917 Gur Niger-Congo Simple Clauses lak Lak 1 Predicate negation also present 42.167 47.167 Lak-Dargwa Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses lkt Lakhota 1 Predicate negation also present 43.833 -101.833 Siouan Siouan Simple Clauses lat Latvian 1 Predicate negation also present 57.000 24.000 Baltic Indo-European Simple Clauses lav Lavukaleve 1 Predicate negation also present -9.083 159.200 Lavukaleve Lavukaleve Simple Clauses lez Lezgian 1 Predicate negation also present 41.667 47.833 Lezgic Nakh-Daghestanian Simple Clauses lil Lillooet 1 Predicate negation also present 50.750 -122.000 Interior Salish Salishan Simple Clauses lin Lingala 1 Predicate negation also present 2.000 18.500 Bantoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses mac Macushi 1 Predicate negation also present 4.000 -60.000 Cariban Cariban Simple Clauses mym Malayalam 1 Predicate negation also present 10.000 76.500 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses mao Maori 1 Predicate negation also present -40.000 176.000 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses mhi Marathi 1 Predicate negation also present 19.000 76.000 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses bbw Bininj Gun-Wok 1 Predicate negation also present -12.500 133.750 Gunwinygic Australian Simple Clauses may Maybrat 1 Predicate negation also present -1.333 132.500 North-Central Bird's Head West Papuan Simple Clauses mby Mbay 1 Predicate negation also present 8.250 17.500 Bongo-Bagirmi Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses mbi Mbili 1 Predicate negation also present 6.117 10.200 Bantoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses mun Mundari 1 Predicate negation also present 23.000 84.667 Munda Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses mgu Musgu 1 Predicate negation also present 10.833 14.917 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses nav Navajo 1 Predicate negation also present 36.167 -108.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses nwd Newari (Dolakha) 1 Predicate negation also present 27.333 86.000 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses ngi Ngiyambaa 1 Predicate negation also present -31.750 145.500 Pama-Nyungan Australian Simple Clauses mnd Mandarin 1 Predicate negation also present 34.000 110.000 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses orh Oromo (Harar) 1 Predicate negation also present 9.000 42.000 Eastern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses pms Paamese 1 Predicate negation also present -16.500 168.250 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses pai Paiwan 1 Predicate negation also present 22.500 120.833 Paiwanic Austronesian Simple Clauses prs Persian 1 Predicate negation also present 32.000 54.000 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses qim Quechua (Imbabura) 1 Predicate negation also present 0.333 -78.000 Quechuan Quechuan Simple Clauses ret Retuarã 1 Predicate negation also present -0.500 -70.667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Simple Clauses sla Slave 1 Predicate negation also present 67.000 -125.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses som Somali 1 Predicate negation also present 3.000 45.000 Eastern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses kse Koyraboro Senni 1 Predicate negation also present 16.000 0.000 Songhay Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses squ Squamish 1 Predicate negation also present 49.667 -123.167 Central Salish Salishan Simple Clauses sup Supyire 1 Predicate negation also present 11.500 -5.583 Gur Niger-Congo Simple Clauses tag Tagalog 1 Predicate negation also present 15.000 121.000 Meso-Philippine Austronesian Simple Clauses bma Berber (Middle Atlas) 1 Predicate negation also present 33.000 -5.000 Berber Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses trb Teribe 1 Predicate negation also present 9.333 -82.667 Talamanca Chibchan Simple Clauses tid Tidore 1 Predicate negation also present 0.750 127.500 North Halmaheran West Papuan Simple Clauses tru Trumai 1 Predicate negation also present -11.917 -53.583 Trumai Trumai Simple Clauses tur Turkish 1 Predicate negation also present 39.000 35.000 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses udm Udmurt 1 Predicate negation also present 57.500 52.500 Finnic Uralic Simple Clauses urk Urubú-Kaapor 1 Predicate negation also present -2.333 -46.500 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian Simple Clauses vie Vietnamese 1 Predicate negation also present 10.500 106.500 Viet-Muong Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses shk Shipibo-Konibo 1 Predicate negation also present -7.500 -75.000 Panoan Panoan Simple Clauses zul Zulu 1 Predicate negation also present -30.000 30.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses mme Mari (Meadow) 1 Predicate negation also present 57.000 48.000 Finnic Uralic Simple Clauses tuv Tuvan 1 Predicate negation also present 52.000 95.000 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses rom Romanian 1 Predicate negation also present 46.000 25.000 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses bul Bulgarian 1 Predicate negation also present 42.500 25.000 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses scr Serbian-Croatian 1 Predicate negation also present 44.000 19.000 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses pol Polish 1 Predicate negation also present 52.000 20.000 Slavic Indo-European Simple Clauses lit Lithuanian 1 Predicate negation also present 55.000 24.000 Baltic Indo-European Simple Clauses iri Irish 1 Predicate negation also present 53.000 -8.000 Celtic Indo-European Simple Clauses ykt Yakut 1 Predicate negation also present 62.000 130.000 Turkic Altaic Simple Clauses nai Nanai 1 Predicate negation also present 49.500 137.000 Tungusic Altaic Simple Clauses swa Swahili 1 Predicate negation also present -6.500 39.000 Bantoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses qhu Quechua (Huallaga) 1 Predicate negation also present -6.000 -76.000 Quechuan Quechuan Simple Clauses dog Dogon 1 Predicate negation also present 14.333 -3.500 Dogon Niger-Congo Simple Clauses khm Khmer 1 Predicate negation also present 12.500 105.000 Khmer Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses epe Epena Pedee 1 Predicate negation also present 3.000 -77.000 Choco Choco Simple Clauses knr Kanuri 1 Predicate negation also present 12.000 13.000 Western Saharan Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses ndj Ndjébbana 1 Predicate negation also present -12.167 134.117 Ndjébbana Australian Simple Clauses pop Popoloca (Metzontla) 1 Predicate negation also present 18.167 -97.500 Popolocan Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses kan Kana 1 Predicate negation also present 4.750 7.417 Cross River Niger-Congo Simple Clauses jel Jeli 1 Predicate negation also present 9.500 -5.667 Western Mande Niger-Congo Simple Clauses dgr Dagur 1 Predicate negation also present 48.000 124.000 Mongolic Altaic Simple Clauses kod Kodava 1 Predicate negation also present 12.167 76.833 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses tha Thai 1 Predicate negation also present 16.000 101.000 Kam-Tai Tai-Kadai Simple Clauses mle Maale 1 Predicate negation also present 6.000 36.917 North Omotic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses wlf Wolof 1 Predicate negation also present 15.250 -16.000 Northern Atlantic Niger-Congo Simple Clauses bae Baré 1 Predicate negation also present 1.000 -67.000 Arawakan Arawakan Simple Clauses grg Gurr-goni 1 Predicate negation also present -12.250 134.417 Burarran Australian Simple Clauses kku Korku 1 Predicate negation also present 22.500 78.500 Munda Austro-Asiatic Simple Clauses mdg Mundang 1 Predicate negation also present 9.667 14.500 Adamawa Niger-Congo Simple Clauses nua Nuaulu 1 Predicate negation also present -3.250 129.167 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Simple Clauses ttn Tetun 1 Predicate negation also present -9.000 126.000 Central Malayo-Polynesian Austronesian Simple Clauses tja Tiipay (Jamul) 1 Predicate negation also present 32.167 -116.500 Yuman Hokan Simple Clauses abu Abun 1 Predicate negation also present -0.500 132.500 North-Central Bird's Head West Papuan Simple Clauses kug Kunming 1 Predicate negation also present 25.000 102.750 Chinese Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses jam Jaminjung 1 Predicate negation also present -15.083 130.500 Jaminjungan Australian Simple Clauses nti Ngiti 1 Predicate negation also present 1.333 30.250 Lendu Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses raw Rawang 1 Predicate negation also present 27.500 97.500 Nungish Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses fon Fongbe 1 Predicate negation also present 6.417 2.167 Kwa Niger-Congo Simple Clauses zaq Zapotec (Quiegolani) 1 Predicate negation also present 16.167 -96.083 Zapotecan Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses boz Bozo (Tigemaxo) 1 Predicate negation also present 15.000 -4.000 Western Mande Niger-Congo Simple Clauses ace Acehnese 1 Predicate negation also present 5.500 95.500 Sundic Austronesian Simple Clauses bud Buduma 1 Predicate negation also present 13.500 14.500 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses coo Coos (Hanis) 1 Predicate negation also present 43.500 -124.167 Coosan Oregon Coast Simple Clauses oji Ojibwa (Eastern) 1 Predicate negation also present 46.000 -80.000 Algonquian Algic Simple Clauses zun Zuni 1 Predicate negation also present 35.083 -108.833 Zuni Zuni Simple Clauses biu Bisu 1 Predicate negation also present 19.750 100.000 Burmese-Lolo Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses chn Chantyal 1 Predicate negation also present 28.583 83.417 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses cop Coptic 1 Predicate negation also present 26.000 32.000 Egyptian-Coptic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses lel Lele 1 Predicate negation also present 9.083 15.583 East Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses mto Malto 1 Predicate negation also present 25.000 87.333 Northern Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses miy Miya 1 Predicate negation also present 10.917 9.667 West Chadic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses niu Niuean 1 Predicate negation also present -19.050 -170.117 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses dji Djingili 1 Predicate negation also present -17.750 134.000 West Barkly Australian Simple Clauses tam Tamang 1 Predicate negation also present 28.000 85.250 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses zaz Zazaki 1 Predicate negation also present 39.000 41.000 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses tml Tamil 1 Predicate negation also present 11.000 78.500 Southern Dravidian Dravidian Simple Clauses kma Kamaiurá 1 Predicate negation also present -12.083 -52.583 Tupi-Guaraní Tupian Simple Clauses hai Haida 1 Predicate negation also present 53.000 -132.000 Haida Haida Simple Clauses mos Mosetén 1 Predicate negation also present -14.750 -67.833 Mosetenan Mosetenan Simple Clauses kmh Kham 1 Predicate negation also present 28.500 82.750 Bodic Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses koa Koasati 1 Predicate negation also present 34.833 -85.167 Muskogean Muskogean Simple Clauses ytu Yukaghir (Tundra) 1 Predicate negation also present 69.000 155.000 Yukaghir Yukaghir Simple Clauses mad Ma'di 1 Predicate negation also present 3.250 31.500 Moru-Ma'di Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses pno Paiute (Northern) 1 Predicate negation also present 42.000 -118.000 Numic Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses tpn Tepehuan (Northern) 1 Predicate negation also present 26.333 -107.000 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses ood O'odham 1 Predicate negation also present 32.000 -112.000 Tepiman Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses guj Gujarati 1 Predicate negation also present 23.000 72.000 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses nep Nepali 1 Predicate negation also present 28.000 85.000 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses ass Assamese 1 Predicate negation also present 26.000 93.000 Indic Indo-European Simple Clauses qia Qiang 1 Predicate negation also present 32.000 102.667 Qiangic Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses ano Anong 1 Predicate negation also present 27.333 98.750 Nungish Sino-Tibetan Simple Clauses ady Adyghe (Abzakh) 1 Predicate negation also present 45.233 40.583 Northwest Caucasian Northwest Caucasian Simple Clauses bkr Batak (Karo) 1 Predicate negation also present 3.250 98.250 Sundic Austronesian Simple Clauses ctl Catalan 1 Predicate negation also present 41.750 2.000 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses wch Wichí 1 Predicate negation also present -22.500 -62.583 Matacoan Matacoan Simple Clauses oss Ossetic 2 No predicate negation 43.000 44.000 Iranian Indo-European Simple Clauses cha Chamorro 2 No predicate negation 13.450 144.750 Chamorro Austronesian Simple Clauses ger German 2 No predicate negation 52.000 10.000 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses myi Mangarrayi 2 No predicate negation -14.667 133.500 Mangarrayi Australian Simple Clauses mxc Mixtec (Chalcatongo) 2 No predicate negation 17.050 -97.583 Mixtecan Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses nht Nahuatl (Tetelcingo) 2 No predicate negation 19.667 -99.000 Aztecan Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses tiw Tiwi 2 No predicate negation -11.500 131.000 Tiwian Australian Simple Clauses tzu Tzutujil 2 No predicate negation 14.667 -91.333 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses dut Dutch 2 No predicate negation 52.500 6.000 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses cch Chocho 2 No predicate negation 17.667 -97.417 Popolocan Oto-Manguean Simple Clauses pur Purépecha 2 No predicate negation 19.500 -101.667 Tarascan Tarascan Simple Clauses eng English 3 Mixed behaviour 52.000 0.000 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses fre French 3 Mixed behaviour 48.000 2.000 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses geo Georgian 3 Mixed behaviour 42.000 44.000 Kartvelian Kartvelian Simple Clauses spa Spanish 3 Mixed behaviour 40.000 -4.000 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses tab Taba 3 Mixed behaviour 0.000 127.500 South Halmahera - West New Guinea Austronesian Simple Clauses yaq Yaqui 3 Mixed behaviour 27.500 -110.250 Cahita Uto-Aztecan Simple Clauses swe Swedish 3 Mixed behaviour 60.000 15.000 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses ice Icelandic 3 Mixed behaviour 65.000 -17.000 Germanic Indo-European Simple Clauses por Portuguese 3 Mixed behaviour 39.000 -8.000 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses ita Italian 3 Mixed behaviour 43.000 12.000 Romance Indo-European Simple Clauses mlt Maltese 3 Mixed behaviour 35.917 14.417 Semitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses itz Itzaj 3 Mixed behaviour 17.000 -89.833 Mayan Mayan Simple Clauses mlg Malgwa 3 Mixed behaviour 11.500 13.750 Biu-Mandara Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses brs Barasano 4 Negative existential construction -0.167 -70.667 Tucanoan Tucanoan Simple Clauses irq Iraqw 4 Negative existential construction -4.000 35.500 Southern Cushitic Afro-Asiatic Simple Clauses lan Lango 4 Negative existential construction 2.167 33.000 Nilotic Nilo-Saharan Simple Clauses nko Nkore-Kiga 4 Negative existential construction -0.917 29.833 Bantoid Niger-Congo Simple Clauses teo Teop 4 Negative existential construction -5.667 155.000 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses nel Nelemwa 4 Negative existential construction -20.250 164.083 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses tke Tokelauan 4 Negative existential construction -9.000 -172.000 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses tah Tahitian 4 Negative existential construction -17.667 -149.583 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses fue Futuna (East) 4 Negative existential construction -14.333 -178.167 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses uku Upper Kuskokwim 4 Negative existential construction 63.000 -157.000 Athapaskan Na-Dene Simple Clauses tvl Tuvaluan 4 Negative existential construction -8.500 179.167 Oceanic Austronesian Simple Clauses mcv Mocoví 4 Negative existential construction -27.000 -62.000 Guaicuruan Guaicuruan Simple Clauses