| 1A |
Consonant Inventories |
Small |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 2A |
Vowel Quality Inventories |
Average (5-6) |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 3A |
Consonant-Vowel Ratio |
Moderately low |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 4A |
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives |
In fricatives alone |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 5A |
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems |
Other |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 6A |
Uvular Consonants |
None |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 7A |
Glottalized Consonants |
No glottalized consonants |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 8A |
Lateral Consonants |
/l/, no obstruent laterals |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 10A |
Vowel Nasalization |
Contrast absent |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 11A |
Front Rounded Vowels |
None |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 12A |
Syllable Structure |
Moderately complex |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 13A |
Tone |
Complex tone system |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 18A |
Absence of Common Consonants |
All present |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 19A |
Presence of Uncommon Consonants |
None |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 26A |
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology |
Weakly suffixing |
Morphology |
|
comment
|
| 33A |
Coding of Nominal Plurality |
Plural suffix |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 37A |
Definite Articles |
Demonstrative word used as definite article |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 38A |
Indefinite Articles |
Indefinite word same as 'one' |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 41A |
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives |
Two-way contrast |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
examples
|
| 42A |
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives |
Identical |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
examples
|
| 51A |
Position of Case Affixes |
Postpositional clitics |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 57A |
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes |
Possessive prefixes |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 69A |
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes |
Tense-aspect suffixes |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 70A |
The Morphological Imperative |
Second person number-neutral |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 71A |
The Prohibitive |
Normal imperative + special negative |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 81A |
Order of Subject, Object and Verb |
SOV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 82A |
Order of Subject and Verb |
SV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 83A |
Order of Object and Verb |
OV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 85A |
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase |
Postpositions |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 86A |
Order of Genitive and Noun |
Genitive-Noun |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 87A |
Order of Adjective and Noun |
Noun-Adjective |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 88A |
Order of Demonstrative and Noun |
Noun-Demonstrative |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 89A |
Order of Numeral and Noun |
Noun-Numeral |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 90A |
Order of Relative Clause and Noun |
Mixed |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 90B |
Prenominal relative clauses |
RelN or internally-headed |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 90D |
Internally-headed relative clauses |
Internally-headed or RelN |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 91A |
Order of Degree Word and Adjective |
Degree word-Adjective |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 92A |
Position of Polar Question Particles |
Final |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 93A |
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions |
Not initial interrogative phrase |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 94A |
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause |
Subordinating suffix |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 95A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase |
OV and Postpositions |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 96A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun |
Other |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 97A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun |
OV and NAdj |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 101A |
Expression of Pronominal Subjects |
Obligatory pronouns in subject position |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 112A |
Negative Morphemes |
Negative affix |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 116A |
Polar Questions |
Question particle |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 143A |
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb |
OptDoubleNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143C |
Optional Double Negation |
[Neg-V(-Neg)] |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143E |
Preverbal Negative Morphemes |
[Neg-V] |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143F |
Postverbal Negative Morphemes |
[V-Neg] |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143G |
Minor morphological means of signaling negation |
None |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144A |
Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb |
OptDoubleNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144L |
The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages |
OptDoubleNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144O |
Optional Double Negation in SOV languages |
SO[Neg-V(-Neg)] |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144P |
NegSOV Order |
No NegSOV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144Q |
SNegOV Order |
No SNegOV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144R |
SONegV Order |
Prefix&OptDoubleNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144S |
SOVNeg Order |
Suffix&OnlyWithAnotherNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
