Family: Indo-European
Genus: Albanian

Albanian

WALS coordinates: 41° N, 20° E

spoken in Albania, Serbia and Montenegro

Find examples here.

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:	Albanian, Gheg Albanian, Tosk
Ruhlen:	Albanian
Routledge:
Other:	Albanian, Tosk dialect
ISO 639-3:	aln (article in Wikipedia) als (article in Wikipedia)

Features

ID	Feature	Value	Area
1A	Consonant Inventories	Average	Phonology	comment
2A	Vowel Quality Inventories	Large (7-14)	Phonology	comment
3A	Consonant-Vowel Ratio	Average	Phonology	comment
4A	Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives	In both plosives and fricatives	Phonology	comment
5A	Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems	None missing in /p t k b d g/	Phonology	comment
6A	Uvular Consonants	None	Phonology	comment
7A	Glottalized Consonants	No glottalized consonants	Phonology	comment
8A	Lateral Consonants	/l/, no obstruent laterals	Phonology	comment
9A	The Velar Nasal	No velar nasal	Phonology	comment
11A	Front Rounded Vowels	High only	Phonology	comment
12A	Syllable Structure	Complex	Phonology	comment
13A	Tone	No tones	Phonology	comment
18A	Absence of Common Consonants	All present	Phonology	comment
19A	Presence of Uncommon Consonants	'Th' sounds	Phonology	comment
26A	Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology	Strongly suffixing	Morphology	comment
33A	Coding of Nominal Plurality	Plural suffix	Nominal Categories	comment
36A	The Associative Plural	No associative plural	Nominal Categories	comment
37A	Definite Articles	Definite affix	Nominal Categories	comment
38A	Indefinite Articles	Indefinite word distinct from 'one'	Nominal Categories	comment
44A	Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns	3rd person only, but also non-singular	Nominal Categories	comment
45A	Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns	No politeness distinction	Nominal Categories	comment examples
48A	Person Marking on Adpositions	No person marking	Nominal Categories	comment
49A	Number of Cases	4 cases	Nominal Categories	comment
50A	Asymmetrical Case-Marking	Syncretism in relevant NP-types	Nominal Categories	comment
51A	Position of Case Affixes	Case suffixes	Nominal Categories	comment
52A	Comitatives and Instrumentals	Identity	Nominal Categories	comment examples
53A	Ordinal Numerals	First, two-th, three-th	Nominal Categories	comment
54A	Distributive Numerals	Marked by preceding word	Nominal Categories	comment
55A	Numeral Classifiers	Absent	Nominal Categories	comment
57A	Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes	No possessive affixes	Nominal Categories	comment
60A	Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses	Highly differentiated	Nominal Syntax	comment
61A	Adjectives without Nouns	Marked by preceding word	Nominal Syntax	comment
62A	Action Nominal Constructions	Ergative-Possessive	Nominal Syntax	comment examples
63A	Noun Phrase Conjunction	'And' different from 'with'	Nominal Syntax	comment
69A	Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes	Tense-aspect suffixes	Verbal Categories	comment
70A	The Morphological Imperative	Second singular	Verbal Categories	comment
71A	The Prohibitive	Normal imperative + special negative	Verbal Categories	comment
72A	Imperative-Hortative Systems	Maximal system	Verbal Categories	comment
73A	The Optative	Inflectional optative present	Verbal Categories	comment examples
74A	Situational Possibility	Verbal constructions	Verbal Categories	comment
75A	Epistemic Possibility	Verbal constructions	Verbal Categories	comment
76A	Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking	Overlap for either possibility or necessity	Verbal Categories	comment
77A	Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality	Indirect only	Verbal Categories	comment
78A	Coding of Evidentiality	Verbal affix or clitic	Verbal Categories	comment
81A	Order of Subject, Object and Verb	SVO	Word Order	comment
82A	Order of Subject and Verb	SV	Word Order	comment
83A	Order of Object and Verb	VO	Word Order	comment
85A	Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase	Prepositions	Word Order	comment
86A	Order of Genitive and Noun	Noun-Genitive	Word Order	comment
87A	Order of Adjective and Noun	Noun-Adjective	Word Order	comment
88A	Order of Demonstrative and Noun	Demonstrative-Noun	Word Order	comment
89A	Order of Numeral and Noun	Numeral-Noun	Word Order	comment
90A	Order of Relative Clause and Noun	Noun-Relative clause	Word Order	comment
90C	Postnominal relative clauses	Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant	Word Order	comment
91A	Order of Degree Word and Adjective	Degree word-Adjective	Word Order	comment
92A	Position of Polar Question Particles	Initial	Word Order	comment
94A	Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause	Initial subordinator word	Word Order	comment
95A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase	VO and Prepositions	Word Order	comment
96A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun	VO and NRel	Word Order	comment
97A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun	VO and NAdj	Word Order	comment
100A	Alignment of Verbal Person Marking	Accusative	Simple Clauses	comment
101A	Expression of Pronominal Subjects	Subject affixes on verb	Simple Clauses	comment
102A	Verbal Person Marking	Both the A and P arguments	Simple Clauses	comment
103A	Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking	No zero realization	Simple Clauses	comment
104A	Order of Person Markers on the Verb	P precedes A	Simple Clauses	comment
107A	Passive Constructions	Present	Simple Clauses	comment
112A	Negative Morphemes	Negative particle	Simple Clauses	comment
113A	Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation	Symmetric	Simple Clauses	comment
114A	Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation	Non-assignable	Simple Clauses	comment
116A	Polar Questions	Question particle	Simple Clauses	comment
117A	Predicative Possession	'Have'	Simple Clauses	comment
118A	Predicative Adjectives	Nonverbal encoding	Simple Clauses	comment
119A	Nominal and Locational Predication	Identical	Simple Clauses	comment
120A	Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals	Impossible	Simple Clauses	comment
121A	Comparative Constructions	Particle	Simple Clauses	comment
124A	'Want' Complement Subjects	Subject is expressed overtly	Complex Sentences	comment
131A	Numeral Bases	Decimal	Lexicon	comment
138A	Tea	Words derived from Sinitic cha	Lexicon	comment examples
142A	Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks	Logical meanings	Other	comment
143A	Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb	NegV	Word Order	comment
143E	Preverbal Negative Morphemes	NegV	Word Order	comment
143F	Postverbal Negative Morphemes	None	Word Order	comment
143G	Minor morphological means of signaling negation	None	Word Order	comment
144A	Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb	SNegVO	Word Order	comment
144B	Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb	Immed preverbal	Word Order	comment
144D	The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages	SNegVO	Word Order	comment
144H	NegSVO Order	No NegSVO	Word Order	comment
144I	SNegVO Order	Word&NoDoubleNeg	Word Order	comment
144J	SVNegO Order	No SVNegO	Word Order	comment
144K	SVONeg Order	No SVONeg	Word Order	comment