| 30A |
Number of Genders |
Five or more |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 31A |
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems |
Non-sex-based |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 32A |
Systems of Gender Assignment |
Semantic and formal |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 34A |
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality |
All nouns, always obligatory |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 37A |
Definite Articles |
Definite word distinct from demonstrative |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 38A |
Indefinite Articles |
No indefinite, but definite article |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 42A |
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives |
Identical |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
examples
|
| 43A |
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives |
Related by gender markers |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
examples
|
| 44A |
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns |
3rd person only, but also non-singular |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 45A |
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns |
No politeness distinction |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 46A |
Indefinite Pronouns |
Generic-noun-based |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 48A |
Person Marking on Adpositions |
No person marking |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 51A |
Position of Case Affixes |
No case affixes or adpositional clitics |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 63A |
Noun Phrase Conjunction |
'And' identical to 'with' |
Nominal Syntax |
|
comment
examples
|
| 64A |
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction |
Differentiation |
Nominal Syntax |
|
comment
examples
|
| 70A |
The Morphological Imperative |
Second singular and second plural |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 71A |
The Prohibitive |
Special imperative + special negative |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 74A |
Situational Possibility |
Verbal constructions |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 75A |
Epistemic Possibility |
Other |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 76A |
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking |
No overlap |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 81A |
Order of Subject, Object and Verb |
SVO |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 82A |
Order of Subject and Verb |
SV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 83A |
Order of Object and Verb |
VO |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 85A |
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase |
Prepositions |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 87A |
Order of Adjective and Noun |
Noun-Adjective |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 88A |
Order of Demonstrative and Noun |
Noun-Demonstrative |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 89A |
Order of Numeral and Noun |
Noun-Numeral |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 90A |
Order of Relative Clause and Noun |
Noun-Relative clause |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 90C |
Postnominal relative clauses |
Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 91A |
Order of Degree Word and Adjective |
Degree word-Adjective |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 92A |
Position of Polar Question Particles |
Final |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 95A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase |
VO and Prepositions |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 96A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun |
VO and NRel |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 97A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun |
VO and NAdj |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 100A |
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking |
Neutral |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 101A |
Expression of Pronominal Subjects |
Obligatory pronouns in subject position |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 102A |
Verbal Person Marking |
No person marking |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 103A |
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking |
No person marking |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 104A |
Order of Person Markers on the Verb |
A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 105A |
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' |
Mixed |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 107A |
Passive Constructions |
Absent |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 110A |
Periphrastic Causative Constructions |
Sequential but no purposive |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 111A |
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions |
Morphological but no compound |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 112A |
Negative Morphemes |
Double negation |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 115A |
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation |
Predicate negation also present |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 116A |
Polar Questions |
Question particle |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 117A |
Predicative Possession |
'Have' |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 118A |
Predicative Adjectives |
Mixed |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 119A |
Nominal and Locational Predication |
Identical |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 120A |
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals |
Impossible |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 122A |
Relativization on Subjects |
Pronoun-retention |
Complex Sentences |
|
comment
examples
|
| 123A |
Relativization on Obliques |
Pronoun-retention |
Complex Sentences |
|
comment
examples
|
| 124A |
'Want' Complement Subjects |
Subject is left implicit |
Complex Sentences |
|
comment
|
| 129A |
Hand and Arm |
Different |
Lexicon |
|
comment
examples
|
| 130A |
Finger and Hand |
Different |
Lexicon |
|
comment
examples
|
| 143A |
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb |
ObligDoubleNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143B |
Obligatory Double Negation |
NegVNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143E |
Preverbal Negative Morphemes |
NegV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143F |
Postverbal Negative Morphemes |
VNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143G |
Minor morphological means of signaling negation |
None |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144A |
Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb |
ObligDoubleNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144D |
The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages |
ObligNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144F |
Obligatory Double Negation in SVO languages |
SNegVONeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144H |
NegSVO Order |
No NegSVO |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144I |
SNegVO Order |
Word&OnlyWithAnotherNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144J |
SVNegO Order |
No SVNegO |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144K |
SVONeg Order |
OnlyWithAnotherNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
