| 1A |
Consonant Inventories |
Moderately small |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 2A |
Vowel Quality Inventories |
Average (5-6) |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 3A |
Consonant-Vowel Ratio |
Moderately low |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 4A |
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives |
In plosives alone |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 5A |
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems |
None missing in /p t k b d g/ |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 6A |
Uvular Consonants |
None |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 7A |
Glottalized Consonants |
No glottalized consonants |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 8A |
Lateral Consonants |
No laterals |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 9A |
The Velar Nasal |
No velar nasal |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 10A |
Vowel Nasalization |
Contrast absent |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 11A |
Front Rounded Vowels |
None |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 12A |
Syllable Structure |
Moderately complex |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 13A |
Tone |
No tones |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 14A |
Fixed Stress Locations |
No fixed stress |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 15A |
Weight-Sensitive Stress |
Combined: Right-edge and unbounded |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 16A |
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems |
Long vowel or coda consonant |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 18A |
Absence of Common Consonants |
All present |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 19A |
Presence of Uncommon Consonants |
None |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 26A |
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology |
Equal prefixing and suffixing |
Morphology |
|
comment
|
| 27A |
Reduplication |
No productive reduplication |
Morphology |
|
comment
|
| 28A |
Case Syncretism |
No case marking |
Morphology |
|
comment
|
| 29A |
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking |
Syncretic |
Morphology |
|
comment
|
| 30A |
Number of Genders |
None |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 31A |
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems |
No gender |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 32A |
Systems of Gender Assignment |
No gender |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 33A |
Coding of Nominal Plurality |
Plural suffix |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 35A |
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns |
Person-number stem |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 39A |
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns |
Inclusive/exclusive |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 40A |
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection |
Only inclusive |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 44A |
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns |
3rd person only, but also non-singular |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 48A |
Person Marking on Adpositions |
Pronouns and nouns |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 49A |
Number of Cases |
No morphological case-marking |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 50A |
Asymmetrical Case-Marking |
No case-marking |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 51A |
Position of Case Affixes |
No case affixes or adpositional clitics |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 52A |
Comitatives and Instrumentals |
Differentiation |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
examples
|
| 53A |
Ordinal Numerals |
One-th, two-th, three-th |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 57A |
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes |
Possessive prefixes |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 62A |
Action Nominal Constructions |
Ergative-Possessive |
Nominal Syntax |
|
comment
examples
|
| 63A |
Noun Phrase Conjunction |
'And' identical to 'with' |
Nominal Syntax |
|
comment
|
| 69A |
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes |
Tense-aspect suffixes |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 70A |
The Morphological Imperative |
Second singular and second plural |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 72A |
Imperative-Hortative Systems |
Neither type of system |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 73A |
The Optative |
Inflectional optative absent |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 77A |
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality |
Direct and indirect |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 78A |
Coding of Evidentiality |
Part of the tense system |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 79A |
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect |
Tense |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
examples
|
| 79B |
Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives |
Imperative |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 80A |
Verbal Number and Suppletion |
None |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 81A |
Order of Subject, Object and Verb |
SOV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 82A |
Order of Subject and Verb |
SV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 83A |
Order of Object and Verb |
OV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 85A |
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase |
Postpositions |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 86A |
Order of Genitive and Noun |
Genitive-Noun |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 87A |
Order of Adjective and Noun |
Adjective-Noun |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 88A |
Order of Demonstrative and Noun |
Demonstrative-Noun |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 89A |
Order of Numeral and Noun |
Numeral-Noun |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 91A |
Order of Degree Word and Adjective |
Adjective-Degree word |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 92A |
Position of Polar Question Particles |
No question particle |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 94A |
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause |
Final subordinator word |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 95A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase |
OV and Postpositions |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 97A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun |
OV and AdjN |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 98A |
Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases |
Neutral |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
examples
|
| 99A |
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns |
Neutral |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
examples
|
| 100A |
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking |
Ergative |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 102A |
Verbal Person Marking |
Both the A and P arguments |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 103A |
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking |
No zero realization |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 104A |
Order of Person Markers on the Verb |
A and P are fused |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 107A |
Passive Constructions |
Present |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 111A |
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions |
Morphological but no compound |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 112A |
Negative Morphemes |
Negative affix |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 113A |
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation |
Asymmetric |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 114A |
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation |
A/Fin |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 116A |
Polar Questions |
Interrogative verb morphology |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 117A |
Predicative Possession |
Conjunctional |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 118A |
Predicative Adjectives |
Nonverbal encoding |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 119A |
Nominal and Locational Predication |
Identical |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 120A |
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals |
Possible |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 121A |
Comparative Constructions |
Locational |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 129A |
Hand and Arm |
Identical |
Lexicon |
|
comment
examples
|
| 130A |
Finger and Hand |
Different |
Lexicon |
|
comment
examples
|
| 131A |
Numeral Bases |
Pure vigesimal |
Lexicon |
|
comment
examples
|
| 143A |
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb |
[V-Neg] |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143E |
Preverbal Negative Morphemes |
None |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143F |
Postverbal Negative Morphemes |
[V-Neg] |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143G |
Minor morphological means of signaling negation |
None |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144A |
Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb |
MorphNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144L |
The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages |
SO[V-Neg] |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144P |
NegSOV Order |
No NegSOV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144Q |
SNegOV Order |
No SNegOV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144R |
SONegV Order |
No SONegV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144S |
SOVNeg Order |
Suffix&NoDoubleNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
