Comanche
WALS coordinates: 33° 30′ N, 101° 30′ W
spoken in United States
Find examples here.
Alternative Names
| Ethnologue: | |
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| Ruhlen: |
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| Routledge: |
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| Other: |
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| ISO 639-3: |
Features
| ID | Feature | Value | Area | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1A | Consonant Inventories | Small | Phonology | comment | |
| 2A | Vowel Quality Inventories | Average (5-6) | Phonology | comment | |
| 3A | Consonant-Vowel Ratio | Low | Phonology | comment | |
| 4A | Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives | No voicing constrast | Phonology | comment | |
| 5A | Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems | Other | Phonology | comment | |
| 6A | Uvular Consonants | None | Phonology | comment | |
| 7A | Glottalized Consonants | No glottalized consonants | Phonology | comment | |
| 8A | Lateral Consonants | No laterals | Phonology | comment | |
| 9A | The Velar Nasal | No velar nasal | Phonology | comment | |
| 10A | Vowel Nasalization | Contrast absent | Phonology | comment | |
| 11A | Front Rounded Vowels | None | Phonology | comment | |
| 12A | Syllable Structure | Moderately complex | Phonology | comment | |
| 13A | Tone | No tones | Phonology | comment | |
| 14A | Fixed Stress Locations | Initial | Phonology | comment | |
| 15A | Weight-Sensitive Stress | Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity) | Phonology | comment | |
| 16A | Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems | No weight | Phonology | comment | |
| 17A | Rhythm Types | Trochaic | Phonology | comment | |
| 18A | Absence of Common Consonants | All present | Phonology | comment | |
| 19A | Presence of Uncommon Consonants | None | Phonology | comment | |
| 26A | Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology | Strongly suffixing | Morphology | comment | |
| 27A | Reduplication | Productive full and partial reduplication | Morphology | comment | |
| 28A | Case Syncretism | Core and non-core | Morphology | comment | |
| 29A | Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking | No subject person/number marking | Morphology | comment | |
| 30A | Number of Genders | None | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 31A | Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems | No gender | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 32A | Systems of Gender Assignment | No gender | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 33A | Coding of Nominal Plurality | Plural suffix | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 34A | Occurrence of Nominal Plurality | Only human nouns, obligatory | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 35A | Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns | Person stem + pronominal plural affix | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 36A | The Associative Plural | Associative same as additive plural | Nominal Categories |
comment
examples |
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| 37A | Definite Articles | Demonstrative word used as definite article | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 38A | Indefinite Articles | No indefinite, but definite article | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 39A | Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns | Inclusive/exclusive | Nominal Categories |
comment
examples |
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| 40A | Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection | No person marking | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 41A | Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives | Three-way contrast | Nominal Categories |
comment
examples |
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| 42A | Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives | Identical | Nominal Categories |
comment
examples |
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| 44A | Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns | No gender distinctions | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 45A | Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns | No politeness distinction | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 46A | Indefinite Pronouns | Interrogative-based | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 47A | Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns | Differentiated | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 48A | Person Marking on Adpositions | No person marking | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 49A | Number of Cases | 3 cases | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 50A | Asymmetrical Case-Marking | Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 51A | Position of Case Affixes | Case suffixes | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 52A | Comitatives and Instrumentals | Differentiation | Nominal Categories |
comment
examples |
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| 54A | Distributive Numerals | Marked by reduplication | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 57A | Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes | No possessive affixes | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 69A | Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes | Tense-aspect suffixes | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 70A | The Morphological Imperative | Second singular and second plural | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 71A | The Prohibitive | Special imperative + special negative | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 72A | Imperative-Hortative Systems | Neither type of system | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 73A | The Optative | Inflectional optative absent | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 75A | Epistemic Possibility | Affixes on verbs | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 77A | Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality | Indirect only | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 78A | Coding of Evidentiality | Verbal affix or clitic | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 79A | Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect | None | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 79B | Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives | None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material) | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 80A | Verbal Number and Suppletion | Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion | Verbal Categories |
comment
examples |
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| 81A | Order of Subject, Object and Verb | SOV | Word Order | comment | |
| 82A | Order of Subject and Verb | SV | Word Order | comment | |
| 83A | Order of Object and Verb | OV | Word Order | comment | |
| 85A | Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase | Postpositions | Word Order | comment | |
| 86A | Order of Genitive and Noun | Genitive-Noun | Word Order | comment | |
| 87A | Order of Adjective and Noun | Adjective-Noun | Word Order | comment | |
| 88A | Order of Demonstrative and Noun | Demonstrative-Noun | Word Order | comment | |
| 89A | Order of Numeral and Noun | Numeral-Noun | Word Order | comment | |
| 90A | Order of Relative Clause and Noun | Noun-Relative clause | Word Order | comment | |
| 90C | Postnominal relative clauses | Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant | Word Order | comment | |
| 91A | Order of Degree Word and Adjective | Degree word-Adjective | Word Order | comment | |
| 92A | Position of Polar Question Particles | Second position | Word Order | comment | |
| 93A | Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions | Not initial interrogative phrase | Word Order | comment | |
| 95A | Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase | OV and Postpositions | Word Order | comment | |
| 96A | Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun | OV and NRel | Word Order | comment | |
| 97A | Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun | OV and AdjN | Word Order | comment | |
| 98A | Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases | Nominative - accusative (standard) | Simple Clauses |
comment
examples |
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| 99A | Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns | Nominative - accusative (standard) | Simple Clauses |
comment
examples |
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| 100A | Alignment of Verbal Person Marking | Accusative | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 101A | Expression of Pronominal Subjects | Subject clitics on variable host | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 102A | Verbal Person Marking | Both the A and P arguments | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 103A | Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking | No zero realization | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 104A | Order of Person Markers on the Verb | P precedes A | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 105A | Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' | Double-object construction | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 107A | Passive Constructions | Present | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 108A | Antipassive Constructions | Implicit patient | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 108B | Productivity of the Antipassive Construction | productive | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 109A | Applicative Constructions | Benefactive and other; both bases | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 109B | Other Roles of Applied Objects | Instrument | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 111A | Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions | Morphological but no compound | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 112A | Negative Morphemes | Negative particle | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 113A | Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation | Both | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 114A | Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation | A/Cat | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 116A | Polar Questions | Question particle | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 121A | Comparative Constructions | Particle | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 124A | 'Want' Complement Subjects | Subject is left implicit | Complex Sentences | comment | |
| 126A | 'When' Clauses | Deranked | Complex Sentences | comment | |
| 129A | Hand and Arm | Different | Lexicon |
comment
examples |
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| 130A | Finger and Hand | Different | Lexicon |
comment
examples |
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| 131A | Numeral Bases | Decimal | Lexicon |
comment
examples |
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| 143A | Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb | NegV | Word Order | comment | |
| 143E | Preverbal Negative Morphemes | NegV | Word Order | comment | |
| 143F | Postverbal Negative Morphemes | None | Word Order | comment | |
| 143G | Minor morphological means of signaling negation | None | Word Order | comment | |
| 144A | Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb | More than one position | Word Order | comment | |
| 144L | The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages | More than one construction | Word Order | comment | |
| 144M | Multiple Negative Constructions in SOV Languages | NegSOV/SNegOV/SONegV | Word Order | comment | |
| 144P | NegSOV Order | NoDoubleNeg | Word Order | comment | |
| 144Q | SNegOV Order | NoDoubleNeg | Word Order | comment | |
| 144R | SONegV Order | Word&NoDoubleNeg | Word Order | comment | |
| 144S | SOVNeg Order | NoSOVNeg | Word Order | comment |
