| Phonology |
|---|
|
Consonant Inventories
|
Small |
|
|
Vowel Quality Inventories
|
Average (5-6) |
|
|
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
|
Low |
|
|
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
|
No voicing constrast |
|
|
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
|
Missing /g/ |
|
|
Uvular Consonants
|
None |
|
|
Glottalized Consonants
|
No glottalized consonants |
|
|
Lateral Consonants
|
Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent laterals |
|
|
Vowel Nasalization
|
Contrast absent |
|
|
Front Rounded Vowels
|
None |
|
|
Syllable Structure
|
Simple |
|
|
Tone
|
Simple tone system |
|
|
Fixed Stress Locations
|
No fixed stress |
|
|
Weight-Sensitive Stress
|
Left-edge: First or second |
|
|
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems
|
Lexical stress |
|
|
Rhythm Types
|
No rhythmic stress |
|
|
Absence of Common Consonants
|
No fricatives |
|
|
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
|
None |
|
| Morphology |
|---|
|
Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives
|
Exclusively concatenative |
|
|
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives
|
No case |
|
|
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb
|
4-5 categories per word |
|
|
Locus of Marking in the Clause
|
Head marking |
|
|
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases
|
No marking |
|
|
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology
|
Inconsistent or other |
|
|
Case Syncretism
|
No case marking |
|
|
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking
|
Syncretic |
|
| Nominal Categories |
|---|
|
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns
|
Person stem + pronominal plural affix |
|
|
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns
|
No inclusive/exclusive |
|
|
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection
|
No inclusive/exclusive |
|
|
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns
|
No gender distinctions |
|
|
Person Marking on Adpositions
|
No person marking |
|
|
Number of Cases
|
Exclusively borderline case-marking |
|
|
Asymmetrical Case-Marking
|
Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical |
|
| Nominal Syntax |
|---|
|
Obligatory Possessive Inflection
|
Exists |
|
|
Possessive Classification
|
Two classes |
|
|
Noun Phrase Conjunction
|
'And' identical to 'with' |
|
| Verbal Categories |
|---|
|
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes
|
Tense-aspect suffixes |
|
|
The Morphological Imperative
|
Second singular and second plural |
|
|
The Prohibitive
|
Normal imperative + normal negative |
|
|
Imperative-Hortative Systems
|
Neither type of system |
|
|
Situational Possibility
|
Affixes on verbs |
|
|
Epistemic Possibility
|
Affixes on verbs |
|
|
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking
|
No overlap |
|
|
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
|
Indirect only |
|
|
Coding of Evidentiality
|
Part of the tense system |
|
| Word Order |
|---|
|
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
|
SOV |
|
|
Order of Subject and Verb
|
SV |
|
|
Order of Object and Verb
|
OV |
|
|
Order of Numeral and Noun
|
Noun-Numeral |
|
| Simple Clauses |
|---|
|
Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases
|
Neutral |
|
|
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
|
Accusative |
|
|
Verbal Person Marking
|
Both the A and P arguments |
|
|
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking
|
No zero realization |
|
|
Order of Person Markers on the Verb
|
A precedes P |
|
|
Passive Constructions
|
Absent |
|
|
Predicative Possession
|
Conjunctional |
|
|
Predicative Adjectives
|
Nonverbal encoding |
|
|
Nominal and Locational Predication
|
Identical |
|
|
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals
|
Possible |
|
|
Comparative Constructions
|
Conjoined |
|
| Lexicon |
|---|
|
Hand and Arm
|
Identical |
|
|
Finger and Hand
|
Different |
|
|
Numeral Bases
|
Other base |
|
