1. Family: Niger-Congo
  2. Genus: Ijoid

Ijo (Kolokuma)

WALS coordinates: 4° 55′ N, 5° 40′ E

spoken in Nigeria

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:
Ruhlen:
  • Kolokuma
Routledge:
  • Kolokuma
Other:
  • Kolokuma,
  • Kolokuma Ijo,
  • Ijo (Central Western),
  • Ijo, North-Central,
  • Ijo (North-Central)
ISO 639-3:

Features

ID Feature Value Area References  
1A Consonant Inventories Average Phonology
comment
2A Vowel Quality Inventories Large (7-14) Phonology
comment
3A Consonant-Vowel Ratio Moderately low Phonology
comment
4A Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives In both plosives and fricatives Phonology
comment
5A Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems None missing in /p t k b d g/ Phonology
comment
6A Uvular Consonants None Phonology
comment
7A Glottalized Consonants No glottalized consonants Phonology
comment
8A Lateral Consonants /l/, no obstruent laterals Phonology
comment
11A Front Rounded Vowels None Phonology
comment
12A Syllable Structure Simple Phonology
comment
13A Tone Simple tone system Phonology
comment
18A Absence of Common Consonants All present Phonology
comment
19A Presence of Uncommon Consonants Labial-velars Phonology
comment
23A Locus of Marking in the Clause No marking Morphology
comment
24A Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases No marking Morphology
comment
25A Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology Zero-marking Morphology
comment
25B Zero Marking of A and P Arguments Zero-marking Morphology
comment
26A Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology Weakly suffixing Morphology
comment
33A Coding of Nominal Plurality Plural suffix Nominal Categories
comment
37A Definite Articles Definite affix Nominal Categories
comment
38A Indefinite Articles Indefinite affix Nominal Categories
comment
44A Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns 3rd person singular only Nominal Categories
comment
48A Person Marking on Adpositions Pronouns only Nominal Categories
comment
51A Position of Case Affixes Case suffixes Nominal Categories
comment
57A Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes Possessive prefixes Nominal Categories
comment
58A Obligatory Possessive Inflection Absent Nominal Syntax
comment
58B Number of Possessive Nouns None reported Nominal Syntax
comment
59A Possessive Classification Two classes Nominal Syntax
comment
69A Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes Tense-aspect suffixes Verbal Categories
comment
70A The Morphological Imperative Second singular Verbal Categories
comment
71A The Prohibitive Normal imperative + special negative Verbal Categories
comment
72A Imperative-Hortative Systems Minimal system Verbal Categories
comment
73A The Optative Inflectional optative absent Verbal Categories
comment
81A Order of Subject, Object and Verb SOV Word Order
comment
82A Order of Subject and Verb SV Word Order
comment
83A Order of Object and Verb OV Word Order
comment
86A Order of Genitive and Noun Genitive-Noun Word Order
comment
87A Order of Adjective and Noun Adjective-Noun Word Order
comment
88A Order of Demonstrative and Noun Demonstrative-Noun Word Order
comment
89A Order of Numeral and Noun Numeral-Noun Word Order
comment
90A Order of Relative Clause and Noun Relative clause-Noun Word Order
comment
90B Prenominal relative clauses Relative clause-Noun (RelN) dominant Word Order
comment
92A Position of Polar Question Particles No question particle Word Order
comment
93A Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions Not initial interrogative phrase Word Order
comment
94A Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause Mixed Word Order
comment
96A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun OV and RelN Word Order
comment
97A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun OV and AdjN Word Order
comment
100A Alignment of Verbal Person Marking Accusative Simple Clauses
comment
102A Verbal Person Marking Only the P argument Simple Clauses
comment
103A Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking No person marking Simple Clauses
comment
104A Order of Person Markers on the Verb A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb Simple Clauses
comment
107A Passive Constructions Present Simple Clauses
comment
112A Negative Morphemes Variation between negative word and affix Simple Clauses
comment
113A Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation Both Simple Clauses
comment
114A Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation A/Fin and A/Cat Simple Clauses
comment
116A Polar Questions Interrogative verb morphology Simple Clauses
comment
125A Purpose Clauses Deranked Complex Sentences
comment
126A 'When' Clauses Deranked Complex Sentences
comment
127A Reason Clauses Deranked Complex Sentences
comment
143A Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb Type 2 / Type 4 Word Order
comment
143E Preverbal Negative Morphemes None Word Order
comment
143F Postverbal Negative Morphemes VNeg&[V-Neg] Word Order
comment
143G Minor morphological means of signaling negation None Word Order
comment
144A Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb More than one position Word Order
comment
144B Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb Immed postverbal Word Order
comment
144L The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages More than one construction Word Order
comment
144M Multiple Negative Constructions in SOV Languages SOVNeg/SO[V-Neg] Word Order
comment
144P NegSOV Order No NegSOV Word Order
comment
144Q SNegOV Order No SNegOV Word Order
comment
144R SONegV Order No SONegV Word Order
comment
144S SOVNeg Order Type 1 / Type 2 Word Order
comment