| Phonology |
|---|
|
Consonant Inventories
|
Moderately small |
|
|
Vowel Quality Inventories
|
Average (5-6) |
|
|
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
|
Average |
|
|
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
|
In plosives alone |
|
|
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
|
Missing /p/ |
|
|
Uvular Consonants
|
None |
|
|
Glottalized Consonants
|
No glottalized consonants |
|
|
Lateral Consonants
|
/l/, no obstruent laterals |
|
|
Vowel Nasalization
|
Contrast present |
|
|
Front Rounded Vowels
|
None |
|
|
Syllable Structure
|
Moderately complex |
|
|
Tone
|
No tones |
|
|
Absence of Common Consonants
|
All present |
|
|
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
|
None |
|
| Morphology |
|---|
|
Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives
|
Exclusively isolating |
|
|
Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives
|
No case |
|
|
Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb
|
2-3 categories per word |
|
|
Locus of Marking in the Clause
|
Dependent marking |
|
|
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases
|
Dependent marking |
|
|
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology
|
Dependent-marking |
|
|
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology
|
Little affixation |
|
| Nominal Categories |
|---|
|
Coding of Nominal Plurality
|
Plural word |
|
|
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality
|
All nouns, always obligatory |
|
|
Definite Articles
|
Definite word distinct from demonstrative |
|
|
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives
|
Unrelated |
|
|
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns
|
No gender distinctions |
|
|
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns
|
Differentiated |
|
|
Person Marking on Adpositions
|
No person marking |
|
|
Position of Case Affixes
|
No case affixes or adpositional clitics |
|
|
Comitatives and Instrumentals
|
Mixed |
|
|
Distributive Numerals
|
Marked by reduplication |
|
|
Numeral Classifiers
|
Absent |
|
|
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers
|
Formally different |
|
|
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes
|
No possessive affixes |
|
| Nominal Syntax |
|---|
|
Obligatory Possessive Inflection
|
Absent |
|
|
Possessive Classification
|
Two classes |
|
|
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses
|
Highly differentiated |
|
|
Adjectives without Nouns
|
Marked by prefix |
|
| Verbal Categories |
|---|
|
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes
|
No tense-aspect inflection |
|
| Word Order |
|---|
|
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
|
SVO |
|
|
Order of Subject and Verb
|
SV |
|
|
Order of Object and Verb
|
VO |
|
|
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb
|
VOX |
|
|
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
Postpositions |
|
|
Order of Genitive and Noun
|
Genitive-Noun |
|
|
Order of Adjective and Noun
|
Noun-Adjective |
|
|
Order of Demonstrative and Noun
|
Noun-Demonstrative |
|
|
Order of Numeral and Noun
|
Noun-Numeral |
|
|
Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
Noun-Relative clause |
|
|
Order of Degree Word and Adjective
|
Adjective-Degree word |
|
|
Position of Polar Question Particles
|
No question particle |
|
|
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions
|
Mixed |
|
|
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause
|
Initial subordinator word |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
VO and Postpositions |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
VO and NRel |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun
|
VO and NAdj |
|
| Simple Clauses |
|---|
|
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
|
Neutral |
|
|
Expression of Pronominal Subjects
|
Obligatory pronouns in subject position |
|
|
Verbal Person Marking
|
No person marking |
|
|
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking
|
No person marking |
|
|
Order of Person Markers on the Verb
|
A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb |
|
|
Passive Constructions
|
Present |
|
|
Negative Morphemes
|
Negative word, unclear if verb or particle |
|
|
Polar Questions
|
Interrogative intonation only |
|
|
Predicative Possession
|
'Have' |
|
| Complex Sentences |
|---|
|
Relativization on Subjects
|
Gap |
|
|
Relativization on Obliques
|
Gap |
|
|
Purpose Clauses
|
Deranked |
|
|
Utterance Complement Clauses
|
Balanced |
|
