Family: Macro-Ge
Genus: Ge-Kaingang

Kaingang

WALS coordinates: 26° S, 52° W

spoken in Brazil

Find examples here.

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:	Kaingang
Ruhlen:	Kaingang
Routledge:
Other:	Caingang
ISO 639-3:	kgp (article in Wikipedia)

Features

ID	Feature	Value	Area
1A	Consonant Inventories	Small	Phonology	comment
2A	Vowel Quality Inventories	Large (7-14)	Phonology	comment
3A	Consonant-Vowel Ratio	Low	Phonology	comment
4A	Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives	No voicing constrast	Phonology	comment
5A	Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems	Other	Phonology	comment
6A	Uvular Consonants	None	Phonology	comment
7A	Glottalized Consonants	No glottalized consonants	Phonology	comment
8A	Lateral Consonants	No laterals	Phonology	comment
10A	Vowel Nasalization	Contrast present	Phonology	comment
11A	Front Rounded Vowels	None	Phonology	comment
12A	Syllable Structure	Moderately complex	Phonology	comment
13A	Tone	No tones	Phonology	comment
18A	Absence of Common Consonants	No nasals	Phonology	comment
19A	Presence of Uncommon Consonants	None	Phonology	comment
46A	Indefinite Pronouns	Interrogative-based	Nominal Categories	comment
52A	Comitatives and Instrumentals	Differentiation	Nominal Categories	comment examples
57A	Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes	No possessive affixes	Nominal Categories	comment
63A	Noun Phrase Conjunction	'And' identical to 'with'	Nominal Syntax	comment
77A	Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality	Indirect only	Verbal Categories	comment
78A	Coding of Evidentiality	Verbal affix or clitic	Verbal Categories	comment
81A	Order of Subject, Object and Verb	SOV	Word Order	comment
82A	Order of Subject and Verb	SV	Word Order	comment
83A	Order of Object and Verb	OV	Word Order	comment
85A	Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase	Postpositions	Word Order	comment
86A	Order of Genitive and Noun	Genitive-Noun	Word Order	comment
87A	Order of Adjective and Noun	Noun-Adjective	Word Order	comment
91A	Order of Degree Word and Adjective	Adjective-Degree word	Word Order	comment
94A	Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause	Final subordinator word	Word Order	comment
95A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase	OV and Postpositions	Word Order	comment
97A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun	OV and NAdj	Word Order	comment
106A	Reciprocal Constructions	Identical to reflexive	Simple Clauses	comment
117A	Predicative Possession	Topic	Simple Clauses	comment
129A	Hand and Arm	Different	Lexicon	comment examples
130A	Finger and Hand	Different	Lexicon	comment examples
143A	Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb	VNeg	Word Order	comment
143E	Preverbal Negative Morphemes	None	Word Order	comment
143F	Postverbal Negative Morphemes	VNeg	Word Order	comment
143G	Minor morphological means of signaling negation	None	Word Order	comment
144A	Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb	SOVNeg	Word Order	comment
144B	Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb	Immed postverbal	Word Order	comment
144L	The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages	SOVNeg	Word Order	comment
144P	NegSOV Order	No NegSOV	Word Order	comment
144Q	SNegOV Order	No SNegOV	Word Order	comment
144R	SONegV Order	No SONegV	Word Order	comment
144S	SOVNeg Order	Word&NoDoubleNeg	Word Order	comment