| Phonology |
|---|
|
Consonant Inventories
|
Small |
|
|
Vowel Quality Inventories
|
Average (5-6) |
|
|
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
|
Low |
|
|
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
|
No voicing constrast |
|
|
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
|
Other |
|
|
Uvular Consonants
|
None |
|
|
Glottalized Consonants
|
No glottalized consonants |
|
|
Lateral Consonants
|
No laterals |
|
|
The Velar Nasal
|
Initial velar nasal |
|
|
Vowel Nasalization
|
Contrast absent |
|
|
Front Rounded Vowels
|
None |
|
|
Syllable Structure
|
Moderately complex |
|
|
Tone
|
No tones |
|
|
Absence of Common Consonants
|
No fricatives |
|
|
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
|
None |
|
| Morphology |
|---|
|
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology
|
Equal prefixing and suffixing |
|
|
Reduplication
|
Productive full and partial reduplication |
|
|
Case Syncretism
|
No case marking |
|
|
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking
|
No subject person/number marking |
|
| Nominal Categories |
|---|
|
Coding of Nominal Plurality
|
Plural word |
|
|
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns
|
Person-number stem |
|
|
The Associative Plural
|
Unique periphrastic associative plural |
|
|
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns
|
No inclusive/exclusive |
|
|
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection
|
No person marking |
|
|
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives
|
Unrelated |
|
|
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns
|
No gender distinctions |
|
|
Person Marking on Adpositions
|
Pronouns and nouns |
|
|
Number of Cases
|
No morphological case-marking |
|
|
Asymmetrical Case-Marking
|
No case-marking |
|
|
Position of Case Affixes
|
No case affixes or adpositional clitics |
|
|
Distributive Numerals
|
Marked by prefix |
|
|
Numeral Classifiers
|
Obligatory |
|
|
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes
|
Possessive suffixes |
|
| Nominal Syntax |
|---|
|
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction
|
Differentiation |
|
| Verbal Categories |
|---|
|
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes
|
Tense-aspect prefixes |
|
|
The Morphological Imperative
|
Second singular and second plural |
|
|
The Prohibitive
|
Normal imperative + special negative |
|
|
Imperative-Hortative Systems
|
Neither type of system |
|
|
The Optative
|
Inflectional optative absent |
|
|
Situational Possibility
|
Verbal constructions |
|
|
Epistemic Possibility
|
Other |
|
|
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
|
No grammatical evidentials |
|
|
Coding of Evidentiality
|
No grammatical evidentials |
|
| Word Order |
|---|
|
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
|
VOS |
|
|
Order of Subject and Verb
|
VS |
|
|
Order of Object and Verb
|
VO |
|
|
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb
|
VOX |
|
|
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
Prepositions |
|
|
Order of Genitive and Noun
|
Noun-Genitive |
|
|
Order of Adjective and Noun
|
Noun-Adjective |
|
|
Order of Demonstrative and Noun
|
Noun-Demonstrative |
|
|
Order of Numeral and Noun
|
Numeral-Noun |
|
|
Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
Noun-Relative clause |
|
|
Order of Degree Word and Adjective
|
Adjective-Degree word |
|
|
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions
|
Not initial interrogative phrase |
|
|
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause
|
Initial subordinator word |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
VO and Prepositions |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
VO and NRel |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun
|
VO and NAdj |
|
| Simple Clauses |
|---|
|
Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases
|
Neutral |
|
|
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
|
Accusative |
|
|
Expression of Pronominal Subjects
|
Subject pronouns in different position |
|
|
Verbal Person Marking
|
Both the A and P arguments |
|
|
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking
|
No zero realization |
|
|
Order of Person Markers on the Verb
|
A precedes P |
|
|
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'
|
Double-object construction |
|
|
Passive Constructions
|
Present |
|
|
Periphrastic Causative Constructions
|
Purposive but no sequential |
|
|
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions
|
Morphological but no compound |
|
|
Negative Morphemes
|
Negative word, unclear if verb or particle |
|
| Complex Sentences |
|---|
|
'Want' Complement Subjects
|
Subject is left implicit |
|
|
'When' Clauses
|
Balanced |
|
|
Reason Clauses
|
Balanced |
|
| Lexicon |
|---|
|
Numeral Bases
|
Decimal |
|
