Kayah Li (Eastern)

WALS coordinates: 19° N, 97° 30′ E

spoken in Myanmar, Thailand

Find examples here.

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:
Ruhlen:
  • Kayah
Routledge:
Other:
  • Kayah Li,
  • Karen (Red),
  • E Kayah,
  • Eastern Kayah Li,
  • Eastern Kayah
ISO 639-3:

Features

ID Feature Value Area References  
1A Consonant Inventories Moderately small Phonology
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2A Vowel Quality Inventories Large (7-14) Phonology
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3A Consonant-Vowel Ratio Low Phonology
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4A Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives In plosives alone Phonology
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5A Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems Missing /g/ Phonology
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6A Uvular Consonants None Phonology
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7A Glottalized Consonants No glottalized consonants Phonology
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8A Lateral Consonants /l/, no obstruent laterals Phonology
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9A The Velar Nasal Initial velar nasal Phonology
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examples
10A Vowel Nasalization Contrast absent Phonology
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11A Front Rounded Vowels None Phonology
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12A Syllable Structure Moderately complex Phonology
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13A Tone Complex tone system Phonology
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18A Absence of Common Consonants All present Phonology
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19A Presence of Uncommon Consonants None Phonology
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26A Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology Little affixation Morphology
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28A Case Syncretism No case marking Morphology
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29A Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking No subject person/number marking Morphology
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33A Coding of Nominal Plurality No plural Nominal Categories
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35A Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns Person-number stem Nominal Categories
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36A The Associative Plural Unique periphrastic associative plural Nominal Categories
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examples
39A Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns No inclusive/exclusive Nominal Categories
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40A Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection No person marking Nominal Categories
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41A Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives Two-way contrast Nominal Categories
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43A Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives Unrelated Nominal Categories
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examples
44A Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns No gender distinctions Nominal Categories
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45A Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns No politeness distinction Nominal Categories
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48A Person Marking on Adpositions No person marking Nominal Categories
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49A Number of Cases No morphological case-marking Nominal Categories
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50A Asymmetrical Case-Marking No case-marking Nominal Categories
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51A Position of Case Affixes No case affixes or adpositional clitics Nominal Categories
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55A Numeral Classifiers Obligatory Nominal Categories
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57A Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes No possessive affixes Nominal Categories
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60A Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses Highly differentiated Nominal Syntax
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61A Adjectives without Nouns Marked by mixed or other strategies Nominal Syntax
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examples
62A Action Nominal Constructions No action nominals Nominal Syntax
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69A Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes No tense-aspect inflection Verbal Categories
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70A The Morphological Imperative No second-person imperatives Verbal Categories
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71A The Prohibitive Normal imperative + special negative Verbal Categories
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72A Imperative-Hortative Systems Maximal system Verbal Categories
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73A The Optative Inflectional optative absent Verbal Categories
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74A Situational Possibility Other kinds of markers Verbal Categories
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77A Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality Direct and indirect Verbal Categories
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78A Coding of Evidentiality Verbal affix or clitic Verbal Categories
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81A Order of Subject, Object and Verb SVO Word Order
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82A Order of Subject and Verb SV Word Order
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83A Order of Object and Verb VO Word Order
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84A Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb VOX Word Order
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85A Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase No dominant order Word Order
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86A Order of Genitive and Noun Genitive-Noun Word Order
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87A Order of Adjective and Noun Noun-Adjective Word Order
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88A Order of Demonstrative and Noun Noun-Demonstrative Word Order
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89A Order of Numeral and Noun Noun-Numeral Word Order
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90A Order of Relative Clause and Noun Noun-Relative clause Word Order
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90C Postnominal relative clauses Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant Word Order
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92A Position of Polar Question Particles Final Word Order
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93A Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions Not initial interrogative phrase Word Order
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94A Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause Mixed Word Order
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95A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase Other Word Order
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96A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun VO and NRel Word Order
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97A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun VO and NAdj Word Order
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98A Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases Neutral Simple Clauses
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examples
99A Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns Neutral Simple Clauses
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examples
100A Alignment of Verbal Person Marking Neutral Simple Clauses
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101A Expression of Pronominal Subjects Optional pronouns in subject position Simple Clauses
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102A Verbal Person Marking No person marking Simple Clauses
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103A Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking No person marking Simple Clauses
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104A Order of Person Markers on the Verb A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb Simple Clauses
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105A Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' Double-object construction Simple Clauses
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107A Passive Constructions Absent Simple Clauses
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111A Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions Compound but no morphological Simple Clauses
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examples
112A Negative Morphemes Negative word, unclear if verb or particle Simple Clauses
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113A Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation Both Simple Clauses
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114A Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation A/Cat Simple Clauses
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116A Polar Questions Question particle Simple Clauses
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122A Relativization on Subjects Pronoun-retention Complex Sentences
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123A Relativization on Obliques Pronoun-retention Complex Sentences
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124A 'Want' Complement Subjects Subject is left implicit Complex Sentences
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131A Numeral Bases Decimal Lexicon
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examples
143A Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb VNeg Word Order
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143E Preverbal Negative Morphemes None Word Order
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143F Postverbal Negative Morphemes VNeg Word Order
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143G Minor morphological means of signaling negation None Word Order
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144A Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb SVONeg Word Order
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144B Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb End, not immed postverbal Word Order
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144D The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages SVONeg Word Order
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144H NegSVO Order No NegSVO Word Order
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144I SNegVO Order No SNegVO Word Order
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144J SVNegO Order No SVNegO Word Order
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144K SVONeg Order NoDoubleNeg Word Order
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