Lingala

WALS coordinates: 2° N, 18° 30′ E

spoken in Democratic Republic of Congo

Find examples here.

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:
Ruhlen:
  • Losengo
Routledge:
Other:
  • Losengo
ISO 639-3:

Features

ID Feature Value Area References  
30A Number of Genders Five or more Nominal Categories
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31A Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems Non-sex-based Nominal Categories
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32A Systems of Gender Assignment Semantic and formal Nominal Categories
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35A Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns Person-number stem + pronominal plural affix Nominal Categories
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70A The Morphological Imperative Second singular Verbal Categories
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examples
71A The Prohibitive Special imperative + normal negative Verbal Categories
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72A Imperative-Hortative Systems Both types of system Verbal Categories
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examples
73A The Optative Inflectional optative absent Verbal Categories
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74A Situational Possibility Verbal constructions Verbal Categories
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75A Epistemic Possibility Other Verbal Categories
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76A Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking Overlap for either possibility or necessity Verbal Categories
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81A Order of Subject, Object and Verb SVO Word Order
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82A Order of Subject and Verb SV Word Order
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83A Order of Object and Verb VO Word Order
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84A Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb VOX Word Order
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86A Order of Genitive and Noun Noun-Genitive Word Order
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87A Order of Adjective and Noun Noun-Adjective Word Order
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92A Position of Polar Question Particles No question particle Word Order
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93A Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions Not initial interrogative phrase Word Order
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97A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun VO and NAdj Word Order
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101A Expression of Pronominal Subjects Subject affixes on verb Simple Clauses
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105A Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' Double-object construction Simple Clauses
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108A Antipassive Constructions No antipassive Simple Clauses
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108B Productivity of the Antipassive Construction no antipassive Simple Clauses
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109A Applicative Constructions Benefactive and other; both bases Simple Clauses
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109B Other Roles of Applied Objects Locative Simple Clauses
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112A Negative Morphemes Negative particle Simple Clauses
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115A Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation Predicate negation also present Simple Clauses
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116A Polar Questions Interrogative intonation only Simple Clauses
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121A Comparative Constructions Exceed Simple Clauses
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122A Relativization on Subjects Gap Complex Sentences
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123A Relativization on Obliques Pronoun-retention Complex Sentences
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124A 'Want' Complement Subjects Both construction types exist Complex Sentences
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138A Tea Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te Lexicon
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examples
143A Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb VNeg Word Order
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143E Preverbal Negative Morphemes None Word Order
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143F Postverbal Negative Morphemes VNeg Word Order
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143G Minor morphological means of signaling negation None Word Order
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144A Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb SVONeg Word Order
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144B Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb End, not immed postverbal Word Order
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144D The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages SVONeg Word Order
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144H NegSVO Order No NegSVO Word Order
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144I SNegVO Order No SNegVO Word Order
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144J SVNegO Order No SVNegO Word Order
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144K SVONeg Order NoDoubleNeg Word Order
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