| Phonology |
|---|
|
Consonant Inventories
|
Large |
|
|
Vowel Quality Inventories
|
Small (2-4) |
|
|
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
|
High |
|
|
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
|
No voicing constrast |
|
|
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
|
Other |
|
|
Uvular Consonants
|
Uvular stops and continuants |
|
|
Glottalized Consonants
|
Ejectives and glottalized resonants |
|
|
Lateral Consonants
|
No /l/, but lateral obstruents |
|
|
Front Rounded Vowels
|
None |
|
|
Syllable Structure
|
Complex |
|
|
Tone
|
No tones |
|
|
Absence of Common Consonants
|
All present |
|
|
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
|
Pharyngeals |
|
| Morphology |
|---|
|
Locus of Marking in the Clause
|
No marking |
|
|
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases
|
Head marking |
|
|
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology
|
Inconsistent or other |
|
|
Reduplication
|
Productive full and partial reduplication |
|
| Nominal Categories |
|---|
|
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns
|
No gender distinctions |
|
|
Person Marking on Adpositions
|
No adpositions |
|
| Verbal Categories |
|---|
|
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
|
Indirect only |
|
|
Coding of Evidentiality
|
Verbal affix or clitic |
|
| Word Order |
|---|
|
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
|
No dominant order |
|
|
Order of Subject and Verb
|
VS |
|
|
Order of Object and Verb
|
VO |
|
|
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb
|
VOX |
|
|
Order of Adjective and Noun
|
No dominant order |
|
|
Order of Numeral and Noun
|
No dominant order |
|
|
Order of Degree Word and Adjective
|
Adjective-Degree word |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun
|
Other |
|
| Simple Clauses |
|---|
|
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
|
Accusative |
|
|
Expression of Pronominal Subjects
|
Subject clitics on variable host |
|
|
Verbal Person Marking
|
Only the A argument |
|
|
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking
|
Zero in all 3rd person forms |
|
|
Order of Person Markers on the Verb
|
A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb |
|
|
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'
|
Double-object construction |
|
|
Passive Constructions
|
Present |
|
|
Applicative Constructions
|
Benefactive object; both bases |
|
|
Predicative Adjectives
|
Verbal encoding |
|
|
Nominal and Locational Predication
|
Different |
|
|
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals
|
Impossible |
|
| Lexicon |
|---|
|
Hand and Arm
|
Different |
|
|
Finger and Hand
|
Different |
|
|
M-T Pronouns
|
No M-T pronouns |
|
|
N-M Pronouns
|
No N-M pronouns |
|
