| Phonology |
|---|
|
Consonant Inventories
|
Average |
|
|
Vowel Quality Inventories
|
Average (5-6) |
|
|
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
|
Average |
|
|
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
|
In plosives alone |
|
|
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
|
None missing in /p t k b d g/ |
|
|
Uvular Consonants
|
None |
|
|
Glottalized Consonants
|
No glottalized consonants |
|
|
Lateral Consonants
|
Laterals, but no /l/, no obstruent laterals |
|
|
Front Rounded Vowels
|
None |
|
|
Syllable Structure
|
Complex |
|
|
Tone
|
No tones |
|
|
Absence of Common Consonants
|
All present |
|
|
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
|
None |
|
| Morphology |
|---|
|
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology
|
Equal prefixing and suffixing |
|
|
Reduplication
|
Productive full and partial reduplication |
|
| Nominal Categories |
|---|
|
Coding of Nominal Plurality
|
Plural prefix |
|
|
Definite Articles
|
Definite word distinct from demonstrative |
|
|
Indefinite Articles
|
No indefinite, but definite article |
|
|
Indefinite Pronouns
|
Special |
|
|
Position of Case Affixes
|
No case affixes or adpositional clitics |
|
|
Numeral Classifiers
|
Absent |
|
|
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes
|
Possessive prefixes |
|
| Nominal Syntax |
|---|
|
Adjectives without Nouns
|
Without marking |
|
|
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction
|
Identity |
|
| Verbal Categories |
|---|
|
Perfective/Imperfective Aspect
|
Grammatical marking |
|
|
The Past Tense
|
Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions |
|
|
The Future Tense
|
No inflectional future |
|
|
The Perfect
|
Other perfect |
|
|
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes
|
Tense-aspect suffixes |
|
|
The Morphological Imperative
|
Second singular and second plural |
|
|
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
|
Indirect only |
|
|
Coding of Evidentiality
|
Verbal affix or clitic |
|
| Word Order |
|---|
|
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
|
No dominant order |
|
|
Order of Subject and Verb
|
VS |
|
|
Order of Object and Verb
|
VO |
|
|
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
No dominant order |
|
|
Order of Genitive and Noun
|
No dominant order |
|
|
Order of Adjective and Noun
|
Adjective-Noun |
|
|
Order of Demonstrative and Noun
|
Demonstrative-Noun |
|
|
Order of Numeral and Noun
|
Numeral-Noun |
|
|
Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
Noun-Relative clause |
|
|
Order of Degree Word and Adjective
|
Degree word-Adjective |
|
|
Position of Polar Question Particles
|
Initial |
|
|
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions
|
Not initial interrogative phrase |
|
|
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause
|
Mixed |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
Other |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
VO and NRel |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun
|
VO and AdjN |
|
| Simple Clauses |
|---|
|
Expression of Pronominal Subjects
|
Subject clitics on variable host |
|
|
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'
|
Double-object construction |
|
|
Reciprocal Constructions
|
Mixed |
|
|
Negative Morphemes
|
Negative particle |
|
|
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation
|
Predicate negation also present |
|
|
Polar Questions
|
Question particle |
|
|
Predicative Possession
|
'Have' |
|
|
Predicative Adjectives
|
Verbal encoding |
|
|
Nominal and Locational Predication
|
Different |
|
|
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals
|
Impossible |
|
|
Comparative Constructions
|
Particle |
|
| Complex Sentences |
|---|
|
'Want' Complement Subjects
|
Desiderative verbal affix |
|
| Lexicon |
|---|
|
Hand and Arm
|
Identical |
|
|
Finger and Hand
|
Different |
|
|
Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories
|
5 |
|
|
Number of Basic Colour Categories
|
8-8.5 |
|
|
Green and Blue
|
Green/blue |
|
|
Red and Yellow
|
Red vs. yellow |
|
|
M-T Pronouns
|
No M-T pronouns |
|
|
N-M Pronouns
|
N-M pronouns, paradigmatic |
|
| Other |
|---|
|
Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks
|
Affective meanings |
|
