| Morphology |
|---|
|
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology
|
Strongly suffixing |
|
|
Reduplication
|
Productive full and partial reduplication |
|
| Nominal Categories |
|---|
|
Number of Genders
|
Two |
|
|
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems
|
Sex-based |
|
|
Systems of Gender Assignment
|
Semantic and formal |
|
|
Coding of Nominal Plurality
|
Plural suffix |
|
|
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality
|
All nouns, always obligatory |
|
|
The Associative Plural
|
Associative same as additive plural |
|
|
Definite Articles
|
No definite or indefinite article |
|
|
Indefinite Articles
|
No definite or indefinite article |
|
|
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives
|
Two-way contrast |
|
|
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives
|
Identical |
|
|
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives
|
Related for all demonstratives |
|
|
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns
|
Binary politeness distinction |
|
|
Indefinite Pronouns
|
Special |
|
|
Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns
|
Identical |
|
|
Number of Cases
|
2 cases |
|
|
Asymmetrical Case-Marking
|
Syncretism in relevant NP-types |
|
|
Position of Case Affixes
|
Case suffixes |
|
|
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers
|
Formally similar, with interrogative |
|
| Nominal Syntax |
|---|
|
Action Nominal Constructions
|
Possessive-Accusative |
|
| Verbal Categories |
|---|
|
Perfective/Imperfective Aspect
|
Grammatical marking |
|
|
The Past Tense
|
Present, no remoteness distinctions |
|
|
The Future Tense
|
Inflectional future exists |
|
|
The Perfect
|
Other perfect |
|
|
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes
|
Tense-aspect suffixes |
|
|
The Morphological Imperative
|
Second singular and second plural |
|
|
The Prohibitive
|
Normal imperative + special negative |
|
|
The Optative
|
Inflectional optative absent |
|
|
Situational Possibility
|
Verbal constructions |
|
|
Epistemic Possibility
|
Verbal constructions |
|
|
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking
|
No overlap |
|
| Word Order |
|---|
|
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
|
SOV |
|
|
Order of Subject and Verb
|
SV |
|
|
Order of Object and Verb
|
OV |
|
|
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
Postpositions |
|
|
Order of Genitive and Noun
|
Genitive-Noun |
|
|
Order of Adjective and Noun
|
Adjective-Noun |
|
|
Order of Demonstrative and Noun
|
Demonstrative-Noun |
|
|
Order of Numeral and Noun
|
Numeral-Noun |
|
|
Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
Mixed |
|
|
Order of Degree Word and Adjective
|
Degree word-Adjective |
|
|
Position of Polar Question Particles
|
Initial |
|
|
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions
|
Not initial interrogative phrase |
|
|
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause
|
Initial subordinator word |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
OV and Postpositions |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
Other |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun
|
OV and AdjN |
|
| Simple Clauses |
|---|
|
Expression of Pronominal Subjects
|
Subject affixes on verb |
|
|
Antipassive Constructions
|
No antipassive |
|
|
Applicative Constructions
|
No applicative construction |
|
|
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions
|
Morphological but no compound |
|
|
Negative Morphemes
|
Negative particle |
|
|
Polar Questions
|
Question particle |
|
| Complex Sentences |
|---|
|
Purpose Clauses
|
Deranked |
|
|
'When' Clauses
|
Balanced/deranked |
|
|
Reason Clauses
|
Balanced/deranked |
|
|
Utterance Complement Clauses
|
Balanced |
|
| Lexicon |
|---|
|
Hand and Arm
|
Different |
|
|
Finger and Hand
|
Different |
|
|
Tea
|
Words derived from Sinitic cha |
|
