1. Family: Arauan
  2. Genus: Arauan

Paumarí

WALS coordinates: 6° S, 64° W

spoken in Brazil

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:
Ruhlen:
  • Paumari
Routledge:
    Other:
    • Paumari
    ISO 639-3:

    Features

    Feature Value References
    Phonology
    Consonant Inventories Average
    Vowel Quality Inventories Small (2-4)
    Consonant-Vowel Ratio High
    Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives In both plosives and fricatives
    Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems Other
    Uvular Consonants None
    Glottalized Consonants Implosives only
    Lateral Consonants No laterals
    The Velar Nasal No velar nasal
    Vowel Nasalization Contrast absent
    Front Rounded Vowels None
    Syllable Structure Simple
    Tone No tones
    Fixed Stress Locations Antepenultimate
    Weight-Sensitive Stress Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)
    Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems No weight
    Absence of Common Consonants All present
    Presence of Uncommon Consonants None
    Morphology
    Locus of Marking in the Clause Double marking
    Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases Head marking
    Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology Inconsistent or other
    Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology Equal prefixing and suffixing
    Reduplication Productive full and partial reduplication
    Case Syncretism Core cases only
    Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking Not syncretic
    Nominal Categories
    Number of Genders Four
    Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems Sex-based
    Systems of Gender Assignment Semantic
    Coding of Nominal Plurality No plural
    Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns Person-number affixes
    The Associative Plural Unique periphrastic associative plural
    Definite Articles No definite or indefinite article
    Indefinite Articles No definite or indefinite article
    Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns No inclusive/exclusive
    Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection No inclusive/exclusive
    Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives Three-way contrast
    Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives Identical
    Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives Related for all demonstratives
    Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns 3rd person singular only
    Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns Differentiated
    Person Marking on Adpositions No person marking
    Number of Cases 3 cases
    Asymmetrical Case-Marking Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical
    Position of Case Affixes Postpositional clitics
    Numeral Classifiers Absent
    Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes Prefixes and suffixes
    Nominal Syntax
    Obligatory Possessive Inflection Absent
    Possessive Classification Two classes
    Verbal Categories
    Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes Tense-aspect suffixes
    The Morphological Imperative Second singular and second plural
    The Prohibitive Normal imperative + special negative
    Imperative-Hortative Systems Neither type of system
    The Optative Inflectional optative absent
    Situational Possibility Verbal constructions
    Epistemic Possibility Other
    Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking No overlap
    Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality Indirect only
    Coding of Evidentiality Separate particle
    Word Order
    Order of Subject, Object and Verb No dominant order
    Order of Subject and Verb VS
    Order of Object and Verb No dominant order
    Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb No dominant order
    Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase Postpositions
    Order of Genitive and Noun Genitive-Noun
    Order of Adjective and Noun Noun-Adjective
    Order of Demonstrative and Noun Demonstrative-Noun
    Order of Numeral and Noun Noun-Numeral
    Order of Relative Clause and Noun Noun-Relative clause
    Position of Polar Question Particles No question particle
    Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions Initial interrogative phrase
    Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause Mixed
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase Other
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun Other
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun Other
    Simple Clauses
    Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases Ergative - absolutive
    Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns Nominative - accusative (standard)
    Alignment of Verbal Person Marking Split
    Expression of Pronominal Subjects Subject affixes on verb
    Verbal Person Marking Only the A argument
    Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking Zero in all 3sg forms
    Order of Person Markers on the Verb A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
    Passive Constructions Present
    Antipassive Constructions No antipassive
    Applicative Constructions Benefactive object; both bases
    Periphrastic Causative Constructions Purposive but no sequential
    Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions Morphological but no compound
    Negative Morphemes Variation between negative word and affix
    Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation Symmetric
    Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation Non-assignable
    Polar Questions Interrogative verb morphology
    Predicative Possession Conjunctional
    Predicative Adjectives Verbal encoding
    Nominal and Locational Predication Different
    Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals Possible
    Comparative Constructions Conjoined
    Complex Sentences
    Purpose Clauses Balanced/deranked
    'When' Clauses Balanced
    Reason Clauses Deranked
    Lexicon
    M-T Pronouns No M-T pronouns
    N-M Pronouns No N-M pronouns