| 1A |
Consonant Inventories |
Small |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 2A |
Vowel Quality Inventories |
Large (7-14) |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 3A |
Consonant-Vowel Ratio |
Low |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 4A |
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives |
No voicing constrast |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 5A |
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems |
Other |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 6A |
Uvular Consonants |
None |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 7A |
Glottalized Consonants |
No glottalized consonants |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 8A |
Lateral Consonants |
/l/, no obstruent laterals |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 11A |
Front Rounded Vowels |
None |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 12A |
Syllable Structure |
Complex |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 13A |
Tone |
No tones |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 18A |
Absence of Common Consonants |
All present |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 19A |
Presence of Uncommon Consonants |
None |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 26A |
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology |
Weakly suffixing |
Morphology |
|
comment
|
| 27A |
Reduplication |
Productive full and partial reduplication |
Morphology |
|
comment
|
| 33A |
Coding of Nominal Plurality |
No plural |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 38A |
Indefinite Articles |
Indefinite word distinct from 'one' |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 41A |
Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives |
Three-way contrast |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
examples
|
| 42A |
Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives |
Different stem |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
examples
|
| 43A |
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives |
Unrelated |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
examples
|
| 45A |
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns |
Multiple politeness distinctions |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
examples
|
| 51A |
Position of Case Affixes |
No case affixes or adpositional clitics |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 55A |
Numeral Classifiers |
Obligatory |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 57A |
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes |
Possessive suffixes |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 58A |
Obligatory Possessive Inflection |
Absent |
Nominal Syntax |
|
comment
|
| 58B |
Number of Possessive Nouns |
Five or more |
Nominal Syntax |
|
comment
|
| 59A |
Possessive Classification |
Two classes |
Nominal Syntax |
|
comment
|
| 69A |
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes |
Mixed type |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 77A |
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality |
No grammatical evidentials |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 78A |
Coding of Evidentiality |
No grammatical evidentials |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 81A |
Order of Subject, Object and Verb |
SVO |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 82A |
Order of Subject and Verb |
SV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 83A |
Order of Object and Verb |
VO |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 84A |
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb |
VOX |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 85A |
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase |
Prepositions |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 86A |
Order of Genitive and Noun |
No dominant order |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 87A |
Order of Adjective and Noun |
Noun-Adjective |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 88A |
Order of Demonstrative and Noun |
Noun-Demonstrative |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 89A |
Order of Numeral and Noun |
Noun-Numeral |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 90A |
Order of Relative Clause and Noun |
Noun-Relative clause |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 90C |
Postnominal relative clauses |
Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 91A |
Order of Degree Word and Adjective |
No dominant order |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 92A |
Position of Polar Question Particles |
No question particle |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 93A |
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions |
Mixed |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 94A |
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause |
Initial subordinator word |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 95A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase |
VO and Prepositions |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 96A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun |
VO and NRel |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 97A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun |
VO and NAdj |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 112A |
Negative Morphemes |
Negative particle |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 116A |
Polar Questions |
Interrogative intonation only |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 129A |
Hand and Arm |
Identical |
Lexicon |
|
comment
examples
|
| 130A |
Finger and Hand |
Different |
Lexicon |
|
comment
examples
|
| 131A |
Numeral Bases |
Decimal |
Lexicon |
|
comment
|
| 138A |
Tea |
Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te |
Lexicon |
|
comment
examples
|
| 143A |
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb |
NegV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143E |
Preverbal Negative Morphemes |
NegV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143F |
Postverbal Negative Morphemes |
None |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143G |
Minor morphological means of signaling negation |
None |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144A |
Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb |
SNegVO |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144B |
Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb |
Immed preverbal |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144D |
The Position of Negative Morphemes in SVO Languages |
SNegVO |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144H |
NegSVO Order |
No NegSVO |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144I |
SNegVO Order |
Word&NoDoubleNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144J |
SVNegO Order |
No SVNegO |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 144K |
SVONeg Order |
No SVONeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
