1. Family: Austronesian
  2. Genus: Tsouic

Rukai

WALS coordinates: 22° 50′ N, 120° 50′ E

spoken in Taiwan

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:
Ruhlen:
  • Rukai
Routledge:
    Other:
    • Rukai, Tanan dialect
    ISO 639-3:

    Features

    Feature Value References
    Phonology
    Consonant Inventories Average
    Vowel Quality Inventories Small (2-4)
    Consonant-Vowel Ratio Moderately high
    Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives In both plosives and fricatives
    Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems None missing in /p t k b d g/
    Uvular Consonants None
    Glottalized Consonants No glottalized consonants
    Lateral Consonants /l/, no obstruent laterals
    Front Rounded Vowels None
    Syllable Structure Moderately complex
    Tone No tones
    Absence of Common Consonants All present
    Presence of Uncommon Consonants 'Th' sounds
    Morphology
    Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology Equal prefixing and suffixing
    Reduplication Productive full and partial reduplication
    Nominal Categories
    Coding of Nominal Plurality Plural prefix
    Position of Case Affixes No case affixes or adpositional clitics
    Numeral Classifiers Absent
    Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes Possessive suffixes
    Verbal Categories
    Perfective/Imperfective Aspect Grammatical marking
    The Past Tense Present, no remoteness distinctions
    The Future Tense Inflectional future exists
    The Perfect Other perfect
    Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes Tense-aspect prefixes
    Word Order
    Order of Subject, Object and Verb No dominant order
    Order of Subject and Verb VS
    Order of Object and Verb VO
    Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase Prepositions
    Order of Genitive and Noun Noun-Genitive
    Order of Adjective and Noun Adjective-Noun
    Order of Demonstrative and Noun Demonstrative-Noun
    Order of Numeral and Noun Numeral-Noun
    Position of Polar Question Particles No question particle
    Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions Not initial interrogative phrase
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase VO and Prepositions
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun VO and AdjN
    Simple Clauses
    Expression of Pronominal Subjects Subject affixes on verb
    Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions Morphological but no compound
    Negative Morphemes Negative auxiliary verb
    Polar Questions Interrogative intonation only