| Phonology |
|---|
|
Consonant Inventories
|
Average |
|
|
Vowel Quality Inventories
|
Small (2-4) |
|
|
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
|
High |
|
|
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
|
No voicing constrast |
|
|
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
|
Other |
|
|
Uvular Consonants
|
Uvular stops only |
|
|
Glottalized Consonants
|
Ejectives only |
|
|
Lateral Consonants
|
/l/, no obstruent laterals |
|
|
The Velar Nasal
|
No velar nasal |
|
|
Vowel Nasalization
|
Contrast absent |
|
|
Syllable Structure
|
Complex |
|
|
Tone
|
No tones |
|
|
Absence of Common Consonants
|
All present |
|
|
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
|
None |
|
| Morphology |
|---|
|
Case Syncretism
|
No case marking |
|
|
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking
|
No subject person/number marking |
|
| Nominal Categories |
|---|
|
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns
|
Person-number stem + pronominal plural affix |
|
|
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns
|
No inclusive/exclusive |
|
|
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection
|
No person marking |
|
|
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns
|
No gender distinctions |
|
|
Person Marking on Adpositions
|
Pronouns only |
|
|
Number of Cases
|
Exclusively borderline case-marking |
|
|
Asymmetrical Case-Marking
|
Symmetrical |
|
| Nominal Syntax |
|---|
|
Noun Phrase Conjunction
|
'And' different from 'with' |
|
| Verbal Categories |
|---|
|
The Morphological Imperative
|
Second person number-neutral |
|
|
The Prohibitive
|
Normal imperative + special negative |
|
|
The Optative
|
Inflectional optative absent |
|
|
Situational Possibility
|
Verbal constructions |
|
|
Epistemic Possibility
|
Affixes on verbs |
|
|
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking
|
No overlap |
|
|
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
|
No grammatical evidentials |
|
|
Coding of Evidentiality
|
No grammatical evidentials |
|
|
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect
|
None |
|
|
Verbal Number and Suppletion
|
None |
|
| Word Order |
|---|
|
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
|
OVS |
|
|
Order of Subject and Verb
|
VS |
|
|
Order of Object and Verb
|
OV |
|
|
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
Postpositions |
|
|
Order of Adjective and Noun
|
Adjective-Noun |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
OV and Postpositions |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun
|
OV and AdjN |
|
| Simple Clauses |
|---|
|
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
|
Accusative |
|
|
Verbal Person Marking
|
Only the P argument |
|
|
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking
|
No person marking |
|
|
Order of Person Markers on the Verb
|
A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb |
|
|
Passive Constructions
|
Absent |
|
|
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions
|
Morphological but no compound |
|
|
Negative Morphemes
|
Negative auxiliary verb |
|
|
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation
|
Asymmetric |
|
|
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation
|
A/Fin |
|
|
Predicative Possession
|
Topic |
|
|
Predicative Adjectives
|
Verbal encoding |
|
|
Nominal and Locational Predication
|
Different |
|
|
Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals
|
Impossible |
|
| Lexicon |
|---|
|
Hand and Arm
|
Different |
|
|
Finger and Hand
|
Different |
|
