| Phonology |
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Consonant Inventories
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Large |
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Vowel Quality Inventories
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Average (5-6) |
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Consonant-Vowel Ratio
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Moderately high |
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Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
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No voicing constrast |
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Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
|
Other |
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Uvular Consonants
|
Uvular stops and continuants |
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Glottalized Consonants
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Ejectives and glottalized resonants |
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Lateral Consonants
|
/l/ and lateral obstruent |
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Front Rounded Vowels
|
None |
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Syllable Structure
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Complex |
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Tone
|
No tones |
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Absence of Common Consonants
|
All present |
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Presence of Uncommon Consonants
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None |
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| Morphology |
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Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology
|
Equal prefixing and suffixing |
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Reduplication
|
Productive full and partial reduplication |
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| Nominal Categories |
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Position of Case Affixes
|
Case prefixes |
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Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes
|
Prefixes and suffixes |
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| Nominal Syntax |
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Noun Phrase Conjunction
|
'And' identical to 'with' |
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| Verbal Categories |
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Perfective/Imperfective Aspect
|
Grammatical marking |
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The Past Tense
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No past tense |
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The Future Tense
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No inflectional future |
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The Perfect
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No perfect |
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Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes
|
No tense-aspect inflection |
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The Morphological Imperative
|
Second singular and second plural |
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The Prohibitive
|
Special imperative + special negative |
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Imperative-Hortative Systems
|
Neither type of system |
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The Optative
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Inflectional optative absent |
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Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
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Indirect only |
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Coding of Evidentiality
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Verbal affix or clitic |
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| Word Order |
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Order of Subject, Object and Verb
|
No dominant order |
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Order of Subject and Verb
|
VS |
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Order of Object and Verb
|
VO |
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Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
Prepositions |
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Order of Genitive and Noun
|
Noun-Genitive |
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Position of Polar Question Particles
|
In either of two positions |
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Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
VO and Prepositions |
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| Simple Clauses |
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Expression of Pronominal Subjects
|
Subject affixes on verb |
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Periphrastic Causative Constructions
|
Purposive but no sequential |
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Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions
|
Morphological but no compound |
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Negative Morphemes
|
Negative particle |
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Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation
|
Asymmetric |
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Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation
|
A/Fin and A/NonReal |
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Polar Questions
|
Question particle |
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Predicative Possession
|
'Have' |
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| Lexicon |
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Hand and Arm
|
Identical |
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Finger and Hand
|
Different |
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