1. Family: Niger-Congo
  2. Genus: Gur

Supyire

WALS coordinates: 11° 30′ N, 5° 35′ W

spoken in Mali

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:
Ruhlen:
  • Suppire
Routledge:
    Other:
    • Supyire (Kampwo),
    • Supyire, Kampwo dialect
    ISO 639-3:

    Features

    Feature Value References
    Phonology
    Consonant Inventories Moderately small
    Vowel Quality Inventories Large (7-14)
    Consonant-Vowel Ratio Average
    Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives In both plosives and fricatives
    Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems Missing /g/
    Uvular Consonants None
    Glottalized Consonants No glottalized consonants
    Lateral Consonants /l/, no obstruent laterals
    The Velar Nasal Initial velar nasal
    Vowel Nasalization Contrast present
    Front Rounded Vowels None
    Syllable Structure Moderately complex
    Tone Complex tone system
    Fixed Stress Locations Initial
    Weight-Sensitive Stress Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity)
    Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems No weight
    Absence of Common Consonants All present
    Presence of Uncommon Consonants None
    Morphology
    Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives Exclusively isolating
    Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives No case
    Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb 2-3 categories per word
    Locus of Marking in the Clause No marking
    Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases Head marking
    Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology Inconsistent or other
    Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology Weakly suffixing
    Case Syncretism No case marking
    Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking No subject person/number marking
    Nominal Categories
    Number of Genders Five or more
    Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems Non-sex-based
    Systems of Gender Assignment Semantic and formal
    Coding of Nominal Plurality Plural suffix
    Occurrence of Nominal Plurality All nouns, always obligatory
    Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns Person-number stem
    The Associative Plural Unique periphrastic associative plural
    Definite Articles Definite affix
    Indefinite Articles Indefinite word distinct from 'one'
    Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns No inclusive/exclusive
    Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection No person marking
    Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives No distance contrast
    Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives Identical
    Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives Related for all demonstratives
    Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns 3rd person only, but also non-singular
    Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns No politeness distinction
    Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns Differentiated
    Person Marking on Adpositions No person marking
    Number of Cases Exclusively borderline case-marking
    Asymmetrical Case-Marking Symmetrical
    Position of Case Affixes No case affixes or adpositional clitics
    Comitatives and Instrumentals Mixed
    Ordinal Numerals First, two-th, three-th
    Distributive Numerals Marked by reduplication
    Numeral Classifiers Absent
    Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers Formally similar, without interrogative
    Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes No possessive affixes
    Nominal Syntax
    Obligatory Possessive Inflection Absent
    Possessive Classification No possessive classification
    Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses Highly differentiated
    Adjectives without Nouns Without marking
    Action Nominal Constructions Mixed
    Nominal and Verbal Conjunction Differentiation
    Verbal Categories
    Perfective/Imperfective Aspect Grammatical marking
    The Past Tense Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions
    The Future Tense No inflectional future
    The Perfect Other perfect
    Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes Mixed type
    The Morphological Imperative Second singular
    The Prohibitive Normal imperative + special negative
    Imperative-Hortative Systems Minimal system
    The Optative Inflectional optative absent
    Situational Possibility Verbal constructions
    Epistemic Possibility Verbal constructions
    Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking No overlap
    Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality No grammatical evidentials
    Coding of Evidentiality No grammatical evidentials
    Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect Tense and aspect
    Verbal Number and Suppletion None
    Word Order
    Order of Subject, Object and Verb SOV
    Order of Subject and Verb SV
    Order of Object and Verb OV
    Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb OVX
    Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase Postpositions
    Order of Genitive and Noun Genitive-Noun
    Order of Adjective and Noun Noun-Adjective
    Order of Demonstrative and Noun Demonstrative-Noun
    Order of Numeral and Noun Noun-Numeral
    Order of Relative Clause and Noun Correlative
    Position of Polar Question Particles Final
    Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions Mixed
    Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause Initial subordinator word
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase OV and Postpositions
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun Other
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun OV and NAdj
    Simple Clauses
    Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases Neutral
    Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns Neutral
    Alignment of Verbal Person Marking Neutral
    Expression of Pronominal Subjects Obligatory pronouns in subject position
    Verbal Person Marking No person marking
    Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking No person marking
    Order of Person Markers on the Verb A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
    Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' Indirect-object construction
    Reciprocal Constructions Identical to reflexive
    Passive Constructions Absent
    Antipassive Constructions No antipassive
    Applicative Constructions No applicative construction
    Periphrastic Causative Constructions Both
    Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions Morphological but no compound
    Negative Morphemes Negative particle
    Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation Both
    Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation A/Fin and A/Cat
    Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation Predicate negation also present
    Polar Questions Question particle
    Predicative Possession Conjunctional
    Predicative Adjectives Mixed
    Nominal and Locational Predication Different
    Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals Impossible
    Complex Sentences
    Relativization on Subjects Non-reduction
    Relativization on Obliques Non-reduction
    'Want' Complement Subjects Subject is left implicit
    Purpose Clauses Balanced/deranked
    'When' Clauses Balanced/deranked
    Reason Clauses Balanced
    Utterance Complement Clauses Balanced
    Lexicon
    Numeral Bases Other base
    M-T Pronouns No M-T pronouns
    N-M Pronouns N-M pronouns, paradigmatic