| Phonology |
|---|
|
Consonant Inventories
|
Average |
|
|
Vowel Quality Inventories
|
Average (5-6) |
|
|
Consonant-Vowel Ratio
|
Average |
|
|
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives
|
In plosives alone |
|
|
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems
|
None missing in /p t k b d g/ |
|
|
Uvular Consonants
|
None |
|
|
Glottalized Consonants
|
No glottalized consonants |
|
|
Lateral Consonants
|
/l/, no obstruent laterals |
|
|
The Velar Nasal
|
Initial velar nasal |
|
|
Vowel Nasalization
|
Contrast absent |
|
|
Front Rounded Vowels
|
None |
|
|
Syllable Structure
|
Complex |
|
|
Tone
|
No tones |
|
|
Fixed Stress Locations
|
Penultimate |
|
|
Weight-Sensitive Stress
|
Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity) |
|
|
Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems
|
No weight |
|
|
Rhythm Types
|
Trochaic |
|
|
Absence of Common Consonants
|
All present |
|
|
Presence of Uncommon Consonants
|
None |
|
| Morphology |
|---|
|
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology
|
Little affixation |
|
|
Case Syncretism
|
No case marking |
|
|
Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking
|
Not syncretic |
|
| Nominal Categories |
|---|
|
Number of Genders
|
None |
|
|
Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems
|
No gender |
|
|
Systems of Gender Assignment
|
No gender |
|
|
Coding of Nominal Plurality
|
Plural clitic |
|
|
Occurrence of Nominal Plurality
|
Only human nouns, obligatory |
|
|
Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns
|
Person-number stem |
|
|
Definite Articles
|
No definite or indefinite article |
|
|
Indefinite Articles
|
No definite or indefinite article |
|
|
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns
|
Inclusive/exclusive |
|
|
Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection
|
Inclusive/exclusive |
|
|
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives
|
Related for all demonstratives |
|
|
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns
|
No gender distinctions |
|
|
Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns
|
Binary politeness distinction |
|
|
Indefinite Pronouns
|
Interrogative-based |
|
|
Person Marking on Adpositions
|
No person marking |
|
|
Number of Cases
|
No morphological case-marking |
|
|
Asymmetrical Case-Marking
|
No case-marking |
|
|
Position of Case Affixes
|
No case affixes or adpositional clitics |
|
|
Ordinal Numerals
|
First/one-th, two-th, three-th |
|
|
Numeral Classifiers
|
Obligatory |
|
|
Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers
|
Formally similar, without interrogative |
|
| Nominal Syntax |
|---|
|
Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses
|
Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed |
|
|
Action Nominal Constructions
|
No action nominals |
|
|
Nominal and Verbal Conjunction
|
Identity |
|
| Verbal Categories |
|---|
|
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes
|
Tense-aspect prefixes |
|
|
The Morphological Imperative
|
No second-person imperatives |
|
|
The Prohibitive
|
Normal imperative + special negative |
|
|
The Optative
|
Inflectional optative absent |
|
|
Situational Possibility
|
Verbal constructions |
|
|
Epistemic Possibility
|
Affixes on verbs |
|
|
Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking
|
No overlap |
|
|
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality
|
No grammatical evidentials |
|
|
Coding of Evidentiality
|
No grammatical evidentials |
|
|
Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect
|
None |
|
|
Verbal Number and Suppletion
|
None |
|
| Word Order |
|---|
|
Order of Subject, Object and Verb
|
SVO |
|
|
Order of Subject and Verb
|
SV |
|
|
Order of Object and Verb
|
VO |
|
|
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb
|
VOX |
|
|
Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
Prepositions |
|
|
Order of Genitive and Noun
|
Genitive-Noun |
|
|
Order of Adjective and Noun
|
Noun-Adjective |
|
|
Order of Demonstrative and Noun
|
Noun-Demonstrative |
|
|
Order of Numeral and Noun
|
Noun-Numeral |
|
|
Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
Noun-Relative clause |
|
|
Order of Degree Word and Adjective
|
No dominant order |
|
|
Position of Polar Question Particles
|
No question particle |
|
|
Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions
|
Not initial interrogative phrase |
|
|
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause
|
Initial subordinator word |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase
|
VO and Prepositions |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun
|
VO and NRel |
|
|
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun
|
VO and NAdj |
|
| Simple Clauses |
|---|
|
Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases
|
Neutral |
|
|
Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns
|
Neutral |
|
|
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking
|
Active |
|
|
Expression of Pronominal Subjects
|
Obligatory pronouns in subject position |
|
|
Verbal Person Marking
|
Only the A argument |
|
|
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking
|
No zero realization |
|
|
Order of Person Markers on the Verb
|
A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb |
|
|
Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'
|
Double-object construction |
|
|
Passive Constructions
|
Present |
|
|
Antipassive Constructions
|
No antipassive |
|
|
Applicative Constructions
|
Non-benefactive object; both bases |
|
|
Periphrastic Causative Constructions
|
Sequential but no purposive |
|
|
Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions
|
Morphological but no compound |
|
|
Negative Morphemes
|
Negative particle |
|
|
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation
|
Symmetric |
|
|
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation
|
Non-assignable |
|
|
Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation
|
Mixed behaviour |
|
|
Polar Questions
|
Interrogative intonation only |
|
| Complex Sentences |
|---|
|
'Want' Complement Subjects
|
Subject is expressed overtly |
|
|
Purpose Clauses
|
Balanced |
|
|
'When' Clauses
|
Balanced |
|
|
Reason Clauses
|
Balanced |
|
|
Utterance Complement Clauses
|
Balanced |
|
| Lexicon |
|---|
|
Numeral Bases
|
Decimal |
|
| Other |
|---|
|
Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks
|
Affective meanings |
|
