Family: Caddoan
Genus: Caddoan

Wichita

WALS coordinates: 33° 20′ N, 97° 20′ W

Find examples here.

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:	Wichita
Ruhlen:	Wichita
Routledge:
Other:
ISO 639-3:	wic (article in Wikipedia)

Features

ID	Feature	Value	Area
1A	Consonant Inventories	Average	Phonology	comment
2A	Vowel Quality Inventories	Small (2-4)	Phonology	comment
3A	Consonant-Vowel Ratio	High	Phonology	comment
4A	Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives	No voicing constrast	Phonology	comment
5A	Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems	Other	Phonology	comment
6A	Uvular Consonants	None	Phonology	comment
7A	Glottalized Consonants	Ejectives and glottalized resonants	Phonology	comment
8A	Lateral Consonants	No laterals	Phonology	comment
9A	The Velar Nasal	No velar nasal	Phonology	comment
10A	Vowel Nasalization	Contrast absent	Phonology	comment
11A	Front Rounded Vowels	None	Phonology	comment
13A	Tone	No tones	Phonology	comment
14A	Fixed Stress Locations	No fixed stress	Phonology	comment
15A	Weight-Sensitive Stress	Unbounded: Stress can be anywhere	Phonology	comment
16A	Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems	Prominence	Phonology	comment
17A	Rhythm Types	Dual: both trochaic and iambic	Phonology	comment
18A	Absence of Common Consonants	No bilabials	Phonology	comment
19A	Presence of Uncommon Consonants	None	Phonology	comment
20A	Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives	Exclusively concatenative	Morphology	comment
21A	Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives	Monoexponential case	Morphology	comment
21B	Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection	monoexponential TAM	Morphology	comment
22A	Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb	12-13 categories per word	Morphology	comment
23A	Locus of Marking in the Clause	Head marking	Morphology	comment
24A	Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases	Head marking	Morphology	comment
25A	Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology	Head-marking	Morphology	comment
25B	Zero Marking of A and P Arguments	Non-zero marking	Morphology	comment
26A	Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology	Weakly prefixing	Morphology	comment
27A	Reduplication	No productive reduplication	Morphology	comment
28A	Case Syncretism	No case marking	Morphology	comment
29A	Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking	Not syncretic	Morphology	comment
30A	Number of Genders	None	Nominal Categories	comment
31A	Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems	No gender	Nominal Categories	comment
32A	Systems of Gender Assignment	No gender	Nominal Categories	comment
33A	Coding of Nominal Plurality	No plural	Nominal Categories	comment
35A	Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns	Person-number affixes	Nominal Categories	comment
36A	The Associative Plural	No associative plural	Nominal Categories	comment
39A	Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns	Inclusive/exclusive	Nominal Categories	comment examples
40A	Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection	Only inclusive	Nominal Categories	comment examples
41A	Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives	Two-way contrast	Nominal Categories	comment examples
42A	Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives	Identical	Nominal Categories	comment examples
43A	Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives	Unrelated	Nominal Categories	comment examples
44A	Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns	No gender distinctions	Nominal Categories	comment
45A	Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns	No politeness distinction	Nominal Categories	comment examples
46A	Indefinite Pronouns	Interrogative-based	Nominal Categories	comment
47A	Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns	Differentiated	Nominal Categories	comment
48A	Person Marking on Adpositions	No adpositions	Nominal Categories	comment
49A	Number of Cases	Exclusively borderline case-marking	Nominal Categories	comment
50A	Asymmetrical Case-Marking	Symmetrical	Nominal Categories	comment
51A	Position of Case Affixes	Case suffixes	Nominal Categories	comment
57A	Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes	Possessive prefixes	Nominal Categories	comment
58A	Obligatory Possessive Inflection	Absent	Nominal Syntax	comment
58B	Number of Possessive Nouns	None reported	Nominal Syntax	comment
59A	Possessive Classification	No possessive classification	Nominal Syntax	comment
62A	Action Nominal Constructions	No action nominals	Nominal Syntax	comment
65A	Perfective/Imperfective Aspect	Grammatical marking	Verbal Categories	comment
66A	The Past Tense	No past tense	Verbal Categories	comment
67A	The Future Tense	Inflectional future exists	Verbal Categories	comment
68A	The Perfect	No perfect	Verbal Categories	comment
69A	Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes	Mixed type	Verbal Categories	comment
70A	The Morphological Imperative	Second singular and second plural	Verbal Categories	comment
71A	The Prohibitive	Normal imperative + normal negative	Verbal Categories	comment
73A	The Optative	Inflectional optative present	Verbal Categories	comment examples
74A	Situational Possibility	Verbal constructions	Verbal Categories	comment
77A	Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality	Indirect only	Verbal Categories	comment
78A	Coding of Evidentiality	Verbal affix or clitic	Verbal Categories	comment
79A	Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect	Aspect	Verbal Categories	comment
79B	Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives	None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material)	Verbal Categories	comment
80A	Verbal Number and Suppletion	Singular-dual-plural triples, no suppletion	Verbal Categories	comment
81A	Order of Subject, Object and Verb	No dominant order	Word Order	comment
81B	Languages with two Dominant Orders of Subject, Object, and Verb	SOV or OVS	Word Order	comment
82A	Order of Subject and Verb	No dominant order	Word Order	comment
83A	Order of Object and Verb	OV	Word Order	comment
84A	Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb	No dominant order	Word Order	comment
85A	Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase	No adpositions	Word Order	comment
87A	Order of Adjective and Noun	Noun-Adjective	Word Order	comment
88A	Order of Demonstrative and Noun	Demonstrative-Noun	Word Order	comment
89A	Order of Numeral and Noun	Numeral-Noun	Word Order	comment
90A	Order of Relative Clause and Noun	Noun-Relative clause	Word Order	comment
90C	Postnominal relative clauses	Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant	Word Order	comment
94A	Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause	Initial subordinator word	Word Order	comment
96A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun	OV and NRel	Word Order	comment
97A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun	OV and NAdj	Word Order	comment
98A	Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases	Neutral	Simple Clauses	comment examples
99A	Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns	None	Simple Clauses	comment examples
100A	Alignment of Verbal Person Marking	Active	Simple Clauses	comment
101A	Expression of Pronominal Subjects	Subject affixes on verb	Simple Clauses	comment
102A	Verbal Person Marking	Both the A and P arguments	Simple Clauses	comment
103A	Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking	Zero in all 3rd person forms	Simple Clauses	comment
104A	Order of Person Markers on the Verb	A precedes P	Simple Clauses	comment
106A	Reciprocal Constructions	No reciprocals	Simple Clauses	comment
107A	Passive Constructions	Absent	Simple Clauses	comment
108A	Antipassive Constructions	No antipassive	Simple Clauses	comment
108B	Productivity of the Antipassive Construction	no antipassive	Simple Clauses	comment
109A	Applicative Constructions	Benefactive and other; both bases	Simple Clauses	comment
109B	Other Roles of Applied Objects	Instrument	Simple Clauses	comment
110A	Periphrastic Causative Constructions	Purposive but no sequential	Simple Clauses	comment
111A	Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions	Morphological but no compound	Simple Clauses	comment
112A	Negative Morphemes	Negative particle	Simple Clauses	comment
113A	Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation	Both	Simple Clauses	comment
114A	Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation	A/Cat	Simple Clauses	comment
116A	Polar Questions	Question particle	Simple Clauses	comment
117A	Predicative Possession	Locational	Simple Clauses	comment
118A	Predicative Adjectives	Mixed	Simple Clauses	comment
119A	Nominal and Locational Predication	Identical	Simple Clauses	comment
120A	Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals	Impossible	Simple Clauses	comment
122A	Relativization on Subjects	Gap	Complex Sentences	comment
129A	Hand and Arm	Different	Lexicon	comment examples
130A	Finger and Hand	Different	Lexicon	comment examples
136A	M-T Pronouns	No M-T pronouns	Lexicon	comment
136B	M in First Person Singular	No m in first person singular	Lexicon	comment
137A	N-M Pronouns	No N-M pronouns	Lexicon	comment
137B	M in Second Person Singular	No m in second person singular	Lexicon	comment
143A	Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb	NegV	Word Order	comment
143E	Preverbal Negative Morphemes	NegV	Word Order	comment
143F	Postverbal Negative Morphemes	None	Word Order	comment
143G	Minor morphological means of signaling negation	None	Word Order	comment
144A	Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb	More than one position	Word Order	comment
144B	Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb	Beginning, not immed preverbal	Word Order	comment
144L	The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages	More than one construction	Word Order	comment
144M	Multiple Negative Constructions in SOV Languages	NegSOV/NegOVS	Word Order	comment
144P	NegSOV Order	NoDoubleNeg	Word Order	comment
144Q	SNegOV Order	No SNegOV	Word Order	comment
144R	SONegV Order	No SONegV	Word Order	comment
144S	SOVNeg Order	NoSOVNeg	Word Order	comment
144Y	The Position of Negative Morphemes in Object-Initial Languages	NegOVS/NegSOV	Word Order	comment