1. Family: Penutian
  2. Genus: Wintuan

Wintu

WALS coordinates: 41° N, 122° 30′ W

spoken in United States

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:
Ruhlen:
  • Wintun
Routledge:
    Other:
    • Wintun
    ISO 639-3:

    Features

    Feature Value References
    Phonology
    Consonant Inventories Moderately large
    Vowel Quality Inventories Average (5-6)
    Consonant-Vowel Ratio Moderately high
    Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives In plosives alone
    Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems Missing /g/
    Uvular Consonants Uvular stops and continuants
    Glottalized Consonants Ejectives only
    Lateral Consonants /l/ and lateral obstruent
    The Velar Nasal No velar nasal
    Front Rounded Vowels None
    Syllable Structure Moderately complex
    Tone No tones
    Absence of Common Consonants All present
    Presence of Uncommon Consonants None
    Morphology
    Locus of Marking in the Clause Double marking
    Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases Dependent marking
    Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology Inconsistent or other
    Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology Strongly suffixing
    Nominal Categories
    Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives Related to non-remote demonstratives
    Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns No gender distinctions
    Person Marking on Adpositions No adpositions
    Number of Cases 4 cases
    Asymmetrical Case-Marking Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical
    Position of Case Affixes Case suffixes
    Comitatives and Instrumentals Differentiation
    Numeral Classifiers Absent
    Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes No possessive affixes
    Nominal Syntax
    Obligatory Possessive Inflection Exists
    Possessive Classification Two classes
    Verbal Categories
    Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes Tense-aspect suffixes
    Imperative-Hortative Systems Maximal system
    The Optative Inflectional optative present
    Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality Direct and indirect
    Coding of Evidentiality Verbal affix or clitic
    Word Order
    Order of Subject, Object and Verb No dominant order
    Order of Subject and Verb No dominant order
    Order of Object and Verb No dominant order
    Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb No dominant order
    Order of Genitive and Noun Genitive-Noun
    Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause Subordinating suffix
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase Other
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun Other
    Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun Other
    Simple Clauses
    Alignment of Verbal Person Marking Accusative
    Verbal Person Marking Only the A argument
    Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking Zero in all 3rd person forms
    Order of Person Markers on the Verb A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
    Reciprocal Constructions Distinct from reflexive
    Passive Constructions Present
    Negative Morphemes Double negation
    Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation Asymmetric
    Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation A/Fin
    Lexicon
    Hand and Arm Different
    Finger and Hand Identical
    M-T Pronouns No M-T pronouns
    N-M Pronouns N-M pronouns, paradigmatic