| 1A |
Consonant Inventories |
Moderately large |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 2A |
Vowel Quality Inventories |
Average (5-6) |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 3A |
Consonant-Vowel Ratio |
Moderately high |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 4A |
Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives |
In plosives alone |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 5A |
Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems |
Missing /g/ |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 6A |
Uvular Consonants |
Uvular stops and continuants |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 7A |
Glottalized Consonants |
Ejectives only |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 8A |
Lateral Consonants |
/l/ and lateral obstruent |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 9A |
The Velar Nasal |
No velar nasal |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 11A |
Front Rounded Vowels |
None |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 12A |
Syllable Structure |
Moderately complex |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 13A |
Tone |
No tones |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 18A |
Absence of Common Consonants |
All present |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 19A |
Presence of Uncommon Consonants |
None |
Phonology |
|
comment
|
| 23A |
Locus of Marking in the Clause |
Double marking |
Morphology |
|
comment
|
| 24A |
Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases |
Dependent marking |
Morphology |
|
comment
|
| 25A |
Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology |
Inconsistent or other |
Morphology |
|
comment
|
| 25B |
Zero Marking of A and P Arguments |
Non-zero marking |
Morphology |
|
comment
|
| 26A |
Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology |
Strongly suffixing |
Morphology |
|
comment
|
| 43A |
Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives |
Related to non-remote demonstratives |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
examples
|
| 44A |
Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns |
No gender distinctions |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 48A |
Person Marking on Adpositions |
No adpositions |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 49A |
Number of Cases |
4 cases |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 50A |
Asymmetrical Case-Marking |
Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 51A |
Position of Case Affixes |
Case suffixes |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 52A |
Comitatives and Instrumentals |
Differentiation |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
examples
|
| 55A |
Numeral Classifiers |
Absent |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 57A |
Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes |
No possessive affixes |
Nominal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 58A |
Obligatory Possessive Inflection |
Exists |
Nominal Syntax |
|
comment
|
| 58B |
Number of Possessive Nouns |
None reported |
Nominal Syntax |
|
comment
|
| 59A |
Possessive Classification |
Two classes |
Nominal Syntax |
|
comment
|
| 69A |
Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes |
Tense-aspect suffixes |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 72A |
Imperative-Hortative Systems |
Maximal system |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 73A |
The Optative |
Inflectional optative present |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
examples
|
| 77A |
Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality |
Direct and indirect |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 78A |
Coding of Evidentiality |
Verbal affix or clitic |
Verbal Categories |
|
comment
|
| 81A |
Order of Subject, Object and Verb |
No dominant order |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 82A |
Order of Subject and Verb |
No dominant order |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 83A |
Order of Object and Verb |
No dominant order |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 84A |
Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb |
No dominant order |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 86A |
Order of Genitive and Noun |
Genitive-Noun |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 94A |
Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause |
Subordinating suffix |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 95A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase |
Other |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 96A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun |
Other |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 97A |
Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun |
Other |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 100A |
Alignment of Verbal Person Marking |
Accusative |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 102A |
Verbal Person Marking |
Only the A argument |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 103A |
Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking |
Zero in all 3rd person forms |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 104A |
Order of Person Markers on the Verb |
A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 106A |
Reciprocal Constructions |
Distinct from reflexive |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
examples
|
| 107A |
Passive Constructions |
Present |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 112A |
Negative Morphemes |
Double negation |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 113A |
Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation |
Asymmetric |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 114A |
Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation |
A/Fin |
Simple Clauses |
|
comment
|
| 129A |
Hand and Arm |
Different |
Lexicon |
|
comment
examples
|
| 130A |
Finger and Hand |
Identical |
Lexicon |
|
comment
|
| 130B |
Cultural Categories of Languages with Identity of 'Finger' and 'Hand' |
Hunter-gatherers |
Lexicon |
|
comment
|
| 136A |
M-T Pronouns |
No M-T pronouns |
Lexicon |
|
comment
examples
|
| 136B |
M in First Person Singular |
No m in first person singular |
Lexicon |
|
comment
|
| 137A |
N-M Pronouns |
N-M pronouns, paradigmatic |
Lexicon |
|
comment
examples
|
| 137B |
M in Second Person Singular |
m in second person singular |
Lexicon |
|
comment
|
| 143A |
Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb |
ObligDoubleNeg |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143B |
Obligatory Double Negation |
Neg[V-Neg] |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143E |
Preverbal Negative Morphemes |
NegV |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143F |
Postverbal Negative Morphemes |
[V-Neg] |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
| 143G |
Minor morphological means of signaling negation |
None |
Word Order |
|
comment
|
