Gooniyandi
WALS coordinates: 18° 20′ S, 126° 20′ E
spoken in Australia
Find examples here.
Alternative Names
| Ethnologue: | |
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| Ruhlen: |
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| Routledge: |
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| Other: |
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| ISO 639-3: |
Features
| ID | Feature | Value | Area | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1A | Consonant Inventories | Average | Phonology | comment | |
| 2A | Vowel Quality Inventories | Small (2-4) | Phonology | comment | |
| 3A | Consonant-Vowel Ratio | Moderately high | Phonology | comment | |
| 4A | Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives | No voicing constrast | Phonology | comment | |
| 5A | Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems | Other | Phonology | comment | |
| 6A | Uvular Consonants | None | Phonology | comment | |
| 7A | Glottalized Consonants | No glottalized consonants | Phonology | comment | |
| 8A | Lateral Consonants | /l/, no obstruent laterals | Phonology | comment | |
| 9A | The Velar Nasal | Initial velar nasal | Phonology |
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| 10A | Vowel Nasalization | Contrast absent | Phonology | comment | |
| 11A | Front Rounded Vowels | None | Phonology | comment | |
| 12A | Syllable Structure | Moderately complex | Phonology | comment | |
| 13A | Tone | No tones | Phonology | comment | |
| 14A | Fixed Stress Locations | Initial | Phonology | comment | |
| 15A | Weight-Sensitive Stress | Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity) | Phonology | comment | |
| 16A | Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems | Long vowel or coda consonant | Phonology | comment | |
| 17A | Rhythm Types | Trochaic | Phonology | comment | |
| 18A | Absence of Common Consonants | No fricatives | Phonology | comment | |
| 19A | Presence of Uncommon Consonants | None | Phonology | comment | |
| 20A | Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives | Isolating/concatenative | Morphology | comment | |
| 21A | Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives | Monoexponential case | Morphology | comment | |
| 21B | Exponence of Tense-Aspect-Mood Inflection | monoexponential TAM | Morphology | comment | |
| 22A | Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb | 6-7 categories per word | Morphology | comment | |
| 23A | Locus of Marking in the Clause | Double marking | Morphology | comment | |
| 24A | Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases | Dependent marking | Morphology | comment | |
| 25A | Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology | Inconsistent or other | Morphology | comment | |
| 25B | Zero Marking of A and P Arguments | Non-zero marking | Morphology | comment | |
| 26A | Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology | Weakly prefixing | Morphology | comment | |
| 27A | Reduplication | Productive full and partial reduplication | Morphology | comment | |
| 28A | Case Syncretism | No case marking | Morphology | comment | |
| 29A | Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking | Not syncretic | Morphology | comment | |
| 30A | Number of Genders | None | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 31A | Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems | No gender | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 32A | Systems of Gender Assignment | No gender | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 33A | Coding of Nominal Plurality | Plural clitic | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 35A | Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns | Person-number stem + nominal plural affix | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 36A | The Associative Plural | Associative same as additive plural | Nominal Categories |
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| 37A | Definite Articles | Definite word distinct from demonstrative | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 39A | Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns | Inclusive/exclusive | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 40A | Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection | Inclusive/exclusive | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 41A | Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives | Two-way contrast | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 43A | Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives | Unrelated | Nominal Categories |
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| 44A | Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns | No gender distinctions | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 45A | Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns | No politeness distinction | Nominal Categories |
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| 46A | Indefinite Pronouns | Interrogative-based | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 47A | Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns | Identical | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 48A | Person Marking on Adpositions | No person marking | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 49A | Number of Cases | 10 or more cases | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 50A | Asymmetrical Case-Marking | Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 51A | Position of Case Affixes | Inpositional clitics | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 52A | Comitatives and Instrumentals | Differentiation | Nominal Categories |
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| 53A | Ordinal Numerals | None | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 54A | Distributive Numerals | No distributive numerals | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 55A | Numeral Classifiers | Absent | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 56A | Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers | Formally similar, without interrogative | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 57A | Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes | Possessive suffixes | Nominal Categories | comment | |
| 58A | Obligatory Possessive Inflection | Absent | Nominal Syntax | comment | |
| 58B | Number of Possessive Nouns | None reported | Nominal Syntax | comment | |
| 59A | Possessive Classification | Two classes | Nominal Syntax | comment | |
| 60A | Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses | Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed | Nominal Syntax | comment | |
| 61A | Adjectives without Nouns | Without marking | Nominal Syntax | comment | |
| 62A | Action Nominal Constructions | No action nominals | Nominal Syntax | comment | |
| 64A | Nominal and Verbal Conjunction | Both expressed by juxtaposition | Nominal Syntax | comment | |
| 65A | Perfective/Imperfective Aspect | No grammatical marking | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 66A | The Past Tense | Present, no remoteness distinctions | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 67A | The Future Tense | Inflectional future exists | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 68A | The Perfect | No perfect | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 69A | Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes | Tense-aspect prefixes | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 70A | The Morphological Imperative | No second-person imperatives | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 71A | The Prohibitive | Special imperative + normal negative | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 72A | Imperative-Hortative Systems | Maximal system | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 73A | The Optative | Inflectional optative absent | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 75A | Epistemic Possibility | Affixes on verbs | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 77A | Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality | Indirect only | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 78A | Coding of Evidentiality | Modal morpheme | Verbal Categories |
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| 79A | Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect | None | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 79B | Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives | None (= no suppletive imperatives reported in the reference material) | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 80A | Verbal Number and Suppletion | None | Verbal Categories | comment | |
| 81A | Order of Subject, Object and Verb | No dominant order | Word Order | comment | |
| 82A | Order of Subject and Verb | SV | Word Order | comment | |
| 83A | Order of Object and Verb | OV | Word Order | comment | |
| 84A | Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb | No dominant order | Word Order | comment | |
| 85A | Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase | Inpositions | Word Order | comment | |
| 86A | Order of Genitive and Noun | No dominant order | Word Order | comment | |
| 87A | Order of Adjective and Noun | Noun-Adjective | Word Order | comment | |
| 88A | Order of Demonstrative and Noun | Demonstrative-Noun | Word Order | comment | |
| 89A | Order of Numeral and Noun | Numeral-Noun | Word Order | comment | |
| 95A | Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase | Other | Word Order | comment | |
| 97A | Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun | OV and NAdj | Word Order | comment | |
| 98A | Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases | Ergative - absolutive | Simple Clauses |
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| 99A | Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns | Ergative - absolutive | Simple Clauses |
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| 100A | Alignment of Verbal Person Marking | Accusative | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 101A | Expression of Pronominal Subjects | Subject affixes on verb | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 102A | Verbal Person Marking | Both the A and P arguments | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 103A | Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking | Zero in all 3sg forms | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 104A | Order of Person Markers on the Verb | A and P are fused | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 105A | Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' | Secondary-object construction | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 106A | Reciprocal Constructions | Identical to reflexive | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 107A | Passive Constructions | Absent | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 108A | Antipassive Constructions | Oblique patient | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 108B | Productivity of the Antipassive Construction | partially productive | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 109A | Applicative Constructions | No applicative construction | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 109B | Other Roles of Applied Objects | No applicative construction | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 110A | Periphrastic Causative Constructions | Purposive but no sequential | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 111A | Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions | Neither | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 112A | Negative Morphemes | Negative particle | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 113A | Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation | Symmetric | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 114A | Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation | Non-assignable | Simple Clauses | comment | |
| 115A | Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation | Predicate negation also present | Simple Clauses |
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| 122A | Relativization on Subjects | Non-reduction | Complex Sentences | comment | |
| 123A | Relativization on Obliques | Non-reduction | Complex Sentences |
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| 125A | Purpose Clauses | Balanced/deranked | Complex Sentences | comment | |
| 126A | 'When' Clauses | Balanced/deranked | Complex Sentences | comment | |
| 127A | Reason Clauses | Deranked | Complex Sentences | comment | |
| 128A | Utterance Complement Clauses | Balanced | Complex Sentences | comment | |
| 129A | Hand and Arm | Different | Lexicon |
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| 131A | Numeral Bases | Restricted | Lexicon |
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| 136A | M-T Pronouns | No M-T pronouns | Lexicon | comment | |
| 136B | M in First Person Singular | No m in first person singular | Lexicon | comment | |
| 137A | N-M Pronouns | No N-M pronouns | Lexicon | comment | |
| 137B | M in Second Person Singular | No m in second person singular | Lexicon | comment | |
| 143A | Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb | NegV | Word Order | comment | |
| 143E | Preverbal Negative Morphemes | NegV | Word Order | comment | |
| 143F | Postverbal Negative Morphemes | None | Word Order | comment | |
| 143G | Minor morphological means of signaling negation | None | Word Order | comment | |
| 144A | Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb | Other | Word Order | comment | |
| 144B | Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb | Immed preverbal | Word Order | comment | |
| 144L | The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages | SV&OV&ImmedPreverbal | Word Order | comment |
