Family: Northwest Caucasian
Genus: Northwest Caucasian

Kabardian

WALS coordinates: 43° 30′ N, 43° 30′ E

spoken in Russia

Find examples here.

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:	Kabardian
Ruhlen:	Kabardian
Routledge:	Kabardo-Cherkessian
Other:	Kabardino-Cherkes, Circassian (East)
ISO 639-3:	kbd (article in Wikipedia)

Features

ID	Feature	Value	Area
1A	Consonant Inventories	Large	Phonology	comment
2A	Vowel Quality Inventories	Small (2-4)	Phonology	comment
3A	Consonant-Vowel Ratio	High	Phonology	comment
4A	Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives	In both plosives and fricatives	Phonology	comment
5A	Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems	None missing in /p t k b d g/	Phonology	comment
6A	Uvular Consonants	Uvular stops and continuants	Phonology	comment
7A	Glottalized Consonants	Implosives only	Phonology	comment
8A	Lateral Consonants	No /l/, but lateral obstruents	Phonology	comment
9A	The Velar Nasal	No velar nasal	Phonology	comment
11A	Front Rounded Vowels	None	Phonology	comment
13A	Tone	No tones	Phonology	comment
18A	Absence of Common Consonants	All present	Phonology	comment
19A	Presence of Uncommon Consonants	Pharyngeals and "th"	Phonology	comment
26A	Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology	Equal prefixing and suffixing	Morphology	comment
33A	Coding of Nominal Plurality	Plural suffix	Nominal Categories	comment
36A	The Associative Plural	Associative same as additive plural	Nominal Categories	comment examples
37A	Definite Articles	Definite affix	Nominal Categories	comment
41A	Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives	Two-way contrast	Nominal Categories	comment examples
42A	Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives	Different inflection	Nominal Categories	comment examples
51A	Position of Case Affixes	Case suffixes	Nominal Categories	comment
54A	Distributive Numerals	Marked by mixed or other strategies	Nominal Categories	comment
69A	Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes	Mixed type	Verbal Categories	comment
73A	The Optative	Inflectional optative present	Verbal Categories	comment examples
81A	Order of Subject, Object and Verb	SOV	Word Order	comment
82A	Order of Subject and Verb	SV	Word Order	comment
83A	Order of Object and Verb	OV	Word Order	comment
85A	Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase	Postpositions	Word Order	comment
86A	Order of Genitive and Noun	Genitive-Noun	Word Order	comment
88A	Order of Demonstrative and Noun	Demonstrative-Noun	Word Order	comment
90A	Order of Relative Clause and Noun	Relative clause-Noun	Word Order	comment
90B	Prenominal relative clauses	Relative clause-Noun (RelN) dominant	Word Order	comment
92A	Position of Polar Question Particles	No question particle	Word Order	comment
93A	Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions	Not initial interrogative phrase	Word Order	comment
95A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase	OV and Postpositions	Word Order	comment
96A	Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun	OV and RelN	Word Order	comment
101A	Expression of Pronominal Subjects	Subject affixes on verb	Simple Clauses	comment
106A	Reciprocal Constructions	Distinct from reflexive	Simple Clauses	comment
108A	Antipassive Constructions	Oblique patient	Simple Clauses	comment
108B	Productivity of the Antipassive Construction	productive	Simple Clauses	comment
112A	Negative Morphemes	Negative affix	Simple Clauses	comment
113A	Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation	Both	Simple Clauses	comment
114A	Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation	A/NonReal and A/Cat	Simple Clauses	comment
116A	Polar Questions	Absence of declarative morphemes	Simple Clauses	comment
118A	Predicative Adjectives	Verbal encoding	Simple Clauses	comment
119A	Nominal and Locational Predication	Different	Simple Clauses	comment
120A	Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals	Impossible	Simple Clauses	comment
131A	Numeral Bases	Decimal	Lexicon	comment
138A	Tea	Words derived from Sinitic cha	Lexicon	comment examples
143A	Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb	[V-Neg]	Word Order	comment
143E	Preverbal Negative Morphemes	None	Word Order	comment
143F	Postverbal Negative Morphemes	[V-Neg]	Word Order	comment
143G	Minor morphological means of signaling negation	None	Word Order	comment
144A	Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb	MorphNeg	Word Order	comment
144L	The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages	SO[V-Neg]	Word Order	comment
144P	NegSOV Order	No NegSOV	Word Order	comment
144Q	SNegOV Order	No SNegOV	Word Order	comment
144R	SONegV Order	No SONegV	Word Order	comment
144S	SOVNeg Order	Suffix&NoDoubleNeg	Word Order	comment