Koyraboro Senni

WALS coordinates: 16° N, 0° E

spoken in Mali, Niger

Find examples here.

Alternative Names

Ethnologue:
Ruhlen:
  • Songhai
Routledge:
  • Songhai
Other:
  • Koyraboro Senni Songhay,
  • Songhai (Koyraboro Senni),
  • Songhay (Koyraboro Senni),
  • Songhai, Gao dialect,
  • Songhai (Gao)
ISO 639-3:

Features

ID Feature Value Area References  
1A Consonant Inventories Moderately small Phonology
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2A Vowel Quality Inventories Average (5-6) Phonology
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3A Consonant-Vowel Ratio Average Phonology
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4A Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives In plosives alone Phonology
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5A Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems Missing /p/ Phonology
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6A Uvular Consonants None Phonology
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7A Glottalized Consonants No glottalized consonants Phonology
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8A Lateral Consonants /l/, no obstruent laterals Phonology
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9A The Velar Nasal Initial velar nasal Phonology
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11A Front Rounded Vowels None Phonology
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18A Absence of Common Consonants All present Phonology
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19A Presence of Uncommon Consonants None Phonology
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26A Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology Little affixation Morphology
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28A Case Syncretism No case marking Morphology
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29A Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking No subject person/number marking Morphology
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30A Number of Genders None Nominal Categories
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31A Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems No gender Nominal Categories
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32A Systems of Gender Assignment No gender Nominal Categories
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33A Coding of Nominal Plurality Plural clitic Nominal Categories
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35A Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns Person-number stem Nominal Categories
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36A The Associative Plural Associative same as additive plural Nominal Categories
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examples
37A Definite Articles Definite word distinct from demonstrative Nominal Categories
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38A Indefinite Articles No indefinite, but definite article Nominal Categories
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39A Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns No inclusive/exclusive Nominal Categories
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examples
40A Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection No person marking Nominal Categories
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41A Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives No distance contrast Nominal Categories
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examples
42A Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives Identical Nominal Categories
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examples
43A Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives Unrelated Nominal Categories
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examples
44A Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns No gender distinctions Nominal Categories
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45A Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns No politeness distinction Nominal Categories
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46A Indefinite Pronouns Generic-noun-based Nominal Categories
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47A Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns Differentiated Nominal Categories
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48A Person Marking on Adpositions No person marking Nominal Categories
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49A Number of Cases No morphological case-marking Nominal Categories
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50A Asymmetrical Case-Marking Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical Nominal Categories
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51A Position of Case Affixes No case affixes or adpositional clitics Nominal Categories
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53A Ordinal Numerals First/one-th, two-th, three-th Nominal Categories
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57A Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes No possessive affixes Nominal Categories
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62A Action Nominal Constructions Restricted Nominal Syntax
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examples
64A Nominal and Verbal Conjunction Differentiation Nominal Syntax
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65A Perfective/Imperfective Aspect Grammatical marking Verbal Categories
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66A The Past Tense No past tense Verbal Categories
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67A The Future Tense No inflectional future Verbal Categories
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68A The Perfect No perfect Verbal Categories
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69A Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes No tense-aspect inflection Verbal Categories
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70A The Morphological Imperative Second singular and second plural Verbal Categories
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71A The Prohibitive Special imperative + special negative Verbal Categories
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72A Imperative-Hortative Systems Both types of system Verbal Categories
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73A The Optative Inflectional optative absent Verbal Categories
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74A Situational Possibility Verbal constructions Verbal Categories
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76A Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking Overlap for either possibility or necessity Verbal Categories
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77A Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality No grammatical evidentials Verbal Categories
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78A Coding of Evidentiality No grammatical evidentials Verbal Categories
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79A Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect None Verbal Categories
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79B Suppletion in Imperatives and Hortatives Imperative Verbal Categories
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80A Verbal Number and Suppletion None Verbal Categories
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81A Order of Subject, Object and Verb SOV Word Order
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82A Order of Subject and Verb SV Word Order
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83A Order of Object and Verb OV Word Order
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84A Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb OVX Word Order
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examples
85A Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase Postpositions Word Order
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86A Order of Genitive and Noun Genitive-Noun Word Order
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87A Order of Adjective and Noun Noun-Adjective Word Order
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88A Order of Demonstrative and Noun Noun-Demonstrative Word Order
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89A Order of Numeral and Noun Noun-Numeral Word Order
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90A Order of Relative Clause and Noun Noun-Relative clause Word Order
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90C Postnominal relative clauses Noun-Relative clause (NRel) dominant Word Order
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92A Position of Polar Question Particles In either of two positions Word Order
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93A Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions Initial interrogative phrase Word Order
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94A Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause Initial subordinator word Word Order
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95A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase OV and Postpositions Word Order
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96A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun OV and NRel Word Order
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97A Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun OV and NAdj Word Order
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98A Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases Neutral Simple Clauses
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examples
99A Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns Neutral Simple Clauses
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examples
100A Alignment of Verbal Person Marking Neutral Simple Clauses
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101A Expression of Pronominal Subjects Obligatory pronouns in subject position Simple Clauses
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102A Verbal Person Marking No person marking Simple Clauses
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103A Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking No person marking Simple Clauses
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104A Order of Person Markers on the Verb A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb Simple Clauses
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105A Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give' Mixed Simple Clauses
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106A Reciprocal Constructions Distinct from reflexive Simple Clauses
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examples
107A Passive Constructions Present Simple Clauses
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108A Antipassive Constructions Implicit patient Simple Clauses
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108B Productivity of the Antipassive Construction productive Simple Clauses
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109A Applicative Constructions Non-benefactive object; both bases Simple Clauses
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109B Other Roles of Applied Objects Instrument Simple Clauses
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110A Periphrastic Causative Constructions Both Simple Clauses
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111A Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions Both Simple Clauses
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112A Negative Morphemes Negative particle Simple Clauses
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113A Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation Both Simple Clauses
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114A Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation A/Cat Simple Clauses
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examples
115A Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation Predicate negation also present Simple Clauses
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116A Polar Questions Question particle Simple Clauses
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122A Relativization on Subjects Gap Complex Sentences
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123A Relativization on Obliques Gap Complex Sentences
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124A 'Want' Complement Subjects Subject is expressed overtly Complex Sentences
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131A Numeral Bases Decimal Lexicon
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examples
136A M-T Pronouns No M-T pronouns Lexicon
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136B M in First Person Singular No m in first person singular Lexicon
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137A N-M Pronouns No N-M pronouns Lexicon
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137B M in Second Person Singular No m in second person singular Lexicon
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138A Tea Others Lexicon
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examples
143A Order of Negative Morpheme and Verb NegV Word Order
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143E Preverbal Negative Morphemes NegV Word Order
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143F Postverbal Negative Morphemes None Word Order
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143G Minor morphological means of signaling negation None Word Order
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144A Position of Negative Word With Respect to Subject, Object, and Verb SNegOV Word Order
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144B Position of negative words relative to beginning and end of clause and with respect to adjacency to verb Preverbal, not beginning or immed Word Order
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144L The Position of Negative Morphemes in SOV Languages SNegOV Word Order
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144P NegSOV Order No NegSOV Word Order
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144Q SNegOV Order NoDoubleNeg Word Order
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144R SONegV Order No SONegV Word Order
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144S SOVNeg Order NoSOVNeg Word Order
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